Science 9 Biology Q1 Week 1

Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Working with the other Organ Systems

Introduction

Oxygen plays an integral component of almost all life-forms on Earth. Oxygen enables us
to survive and most importantly, it carries out metabolic functions of cells to include breaking
down of nutrients that is needed to support growth and development and of course life.
In this module, it will mainly focus on the important structures on the respiratory
system and later on the structures of the circulatory system. As we go along, you will investigate
how these systems work together in processing oxygen to sustain life.

Objectives

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. describe the parts and functions of the respiratory system;

2. explain how the respiratory system transports gases to and from the different parts of the
body; and
3. enumerate ways on how to detect, prevent, and treat diseases affecting the respiratory
system.

Try this!

Rank the following activities based on oxygen utilization, on a scale of 1-8 (8 being the
highest).

____________ running in the field ____________ singing at the top of your voice
____________ scrubbing the floor ____________ walking to school
____________ listening to music ____________ dancing Tinikling
____________ washing plates ____________ playing basketball

Think ahead!

From the above-mentioned activity, let us try to analyze what oxygen is and why do
almost all life- forms of the Earth breathe. Can you share your thoughts with me?

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Read and Ponder

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The human respiratory system is a system composed of the upper and lower
respiratory tract, which serves as a passageway of gas into and out of the body. The roles of
respiratory system in our body include filtration, humidification as well as warming of air when
it enters our nose. These roles are essential to minimize the harmful air substances reaching our
lungs before the exchange of gases takes place inside our body.

Parts of the Respiratory Sytem

The Upper Respiratory Tract

Nasal cavity
Nose or Nasal Cavity (Nose)
The nose serves as the main
entrance of air inside the body and also
the exit point of carbon dioxide. As the
Pharynx
air passes through the nasal cavity, it is
being filtered, warmed and humidified
to avoid foreign substances to get into
that could harm the lungs.
Larynx
Pharynx
It serves as the passageway of food
and air, also known as the throat. The air from
the nasal cavity enters the nasopharynx and Credit: LEONELLO CALVETTI/Getty Images
travels down to enter the larynx.

Larynx
It is also known as the voice box, it directs air from the larynx to the windpipe or the
trachea. In the larynx, epiglottis is found in which it serves as a protective barrier that prevents
food from reaching the lower respiratory tract.

The Lower Respiratory Tract

Trachea
It is also known as the windpipe. It is the tube that connects the throat to the left and right
bronchi directing the air to the left and right lungs. It also consists of ciliated mucosa that
transports mucus, which contains the foreign particles away from the lungs to the throat, where it
can be ejected through spitting or swallowed.

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Trachea
Left
Bronchus

Right
Bronchus

Right Lung

Left Lung Credit: shutterstock.com 1511668082

Diaphragm

Credit: LEONELLO CALVETTI/Getty Images

Lungs
Lungs are considered to be the main organs of the respiratory system that is located in the
chest cavity. Lungs are divided into five (5) lobes, two lobes are found in the left lung while
three (3) at the right lung. The left lung is narrower compared to the right lung because it makes
room for the heart.

Bronchi
The left and right bronchus serves as the passageway of air into the bronchioles. Once the
air enters the bronchi, it is already warm, moist and free from almost all the foreign particles.

Bronchioles
These are the smaller branches of the main bronchi leading the air to the tiny air sacs
known as the alveoli.

Alveoli
Exchange of gases occur in the alveoli. These tiny sacs are surrounded by a network of
capillaries in which it discards carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen rich air to distribute
throughout the body.

Physiology of Respiration

The breathing mechanism allows to transport oxygen throughout the body. In order to
supply oxygen, our respiratory system accomplishes these three major functions:

a. Pulmonary Ventilation- it is the process by which air moves in and out of the lungs,
also known as breathing.
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b. Internal Respiration- it is the exchange of gases at the level of body tissues,

between the bloodstream and the blood cells.
c. External Respiration- it is the exchange of gases between the alveoli and the
blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

Conditions Affecting the Respiratory System

Table 1. Common Respiratory Diseases and their Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Diseases Description/ Symptoms Causes Treatment
Bronchial It is the widespread It is due to dust, It may be treated with
Asthma compression of the certain medications  Nebulizer;
bronchial airways that and food, and also  Bronchodilators;
results in shortness of bacteria. and
breathing.  Oral corticosteroids
The patient of this It is either caused This may be relieved by
Bronchitis disease coughs out generally by viruses bronchodilators.
mucopurulent sputum or bacteria. Cigarette
that contains mucus and smoking and air
pus. pollution also cause
Bronchitis.
It affects the nose and the It is mainly caused by This disease may be
Common throat and it is viral in corona virus or rhino relieved through
Cold nature. Symptoms virus. decongestant, analgesics
include runny nose, and paracetamol. But it is
cough, headache watery highly recommended to rest
eyes, and sore throat. and take high water and
juice intake.
This condition enlarges It is caused by This may be relieved by
Emphysema and destroys the lungs cigarette smoking. bronchodilators which
due to the abnormal helps to open the airways
development of air in the or the passageway of air.
alveolar sacs.
It is the result of The main cause of It requires chemotheraphy
Lung Cancer abnormal growths caused lung cancer is and surgery of the lung.
by abnormal cell cigarette smoking.
division. Its symptoms Second hand smokers
are chest pain, fatigue are more prone to
and sudden weight loss. lung cancer. It is also
caused by exposure
to carcinogens.
Pneumonia is the It is caused by It can be treated with
Pneumonia soreness of the lungs inhaling chemical dosage of antibiotics.
because of infection. The substances which
alveoli become filled irritate the lungs. It
with pus and liquid, may also be due to

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making it difficult to bacteria and viruses.

transport oxygen to the
blood. It is accompanied
by high fever and cough.
It is the swelling of the This is caused by an A patient is treated with
Rhinitis mucous lining of the allergic reaction to nonsedative antihistamine
nose. Symptoms include dust and animal skin and decongestant.
itchiness, runny nose and or hair.
watery eyes.
Tuberculosis It is an infection in the This is mainly caused It can be treated with the
nodules of the tissues. It by a type of bacteria appropriate combination of
is characterized by deep known as antibiotics and could be
pain in the chest and Mycobacterium prevented by a live
continuous coughing. tuberculosis, an bacterial vaccine given to
airborne disease that children known as the BCG
spreads through vaccine.
respiratory droplets
from a TB patient’s
sneeze or coughed.

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NOTE: Only pages 6 and 7 will be submitted online via MS Teams to the subject teacher. The
rest of the pages are meant to keep and will serve as your lecture.

Name: __________________________________ Date: ___________________

Section: _____________

See if you can do this!

QUIZ 1

Directions: Answer the following.

A. Solve the crossword puzzle.

1.
4.
2.

3. 5.
8.
9.
6.

7.

Across Down
1. These tiny branches lead to the alveoli 1. These tiny branches lead to the lungs
3. Known as the windpipe that connects the larynx 2. This is an allergic reaction caused by dust
to the bronchi that results to difficulty in breathing
6. It involves the destruction of the lungs 4. The passageway of food and air
caused by the build-up of air inside the 5. This is where the exchange of gases occur
alveoli 8. A gas input into the blood and the rest of
7. It filters the air as it goes inside the body. the body
9. Directs air from larynx to trachea

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B. Give five (5) ways to avoid respiratory diseases and have a healthy lifestyle.

1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________

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Performance task 1

NOTE: KINDLY ASK YOUR PARENTS/GUARDIAN’S ASSISTANCE.

Bottled Balloons
(adopted from DepEd’s Grade 9 Science Module, pp. 7-8 )

Objectives:
 Explain how the lungs work.
 Describe how the movement of the diaphragm helps the air go in and out of the lungs.

Materials:
1 two-liter empty plastic bottle 3 balloons (1 big, 2 small) 5 rubber bands
1 sturdy straw 1 pair of scissors packing tape

Procedure:

1. Using a pair of scissors, cut the bottom out of the 2-liter plastic bottle.
2. Create two holes that are apart from each other in the cap of the plastic bottle. Make sure that
each hole is just big enough for a straw to fit through.
3. Stick the two straws through the two holes of the bottle cap.
4. Place one balloon on the end of each straw, and secure them with rubber bands, as shown in
the figure below.
5. Stick the balloon ends of the straws through the bottle opening and screw the lid on tightly.
6. Stretch out the larger balloon and place it over the open bottom of the bottle. Secure it with the
rubber band as tightly as possible. Refer to the diagram of the finished lung model below.

5. Stick the balloon ends of the straws through the bottle opening and screw the lid on tightly.

6. Stretch out the larger balloon and place it over the open bottom of the bottle. Secure it with the
rubber band as tightly as possible. Refer to the diagram of the finished lung model below.

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7. Pull the larger balloon down; that is, away from the bottle, in order to blow up the two small
balloons.
8. Push the larger balloon towards the bottle in order to let the air out of the two small balloons.

Guide Questions:

1. What happens as you pull down the balloon at the bottom of the model?

2. What happens as you push up the balloon?

READ ME!!
Your output will be graded according to the rubric below. Send a copy of your output via MS
Teams.

Rubrics:

Categories 5 4 3 2

Following All directions You followed You followed None directions

Project were followed. most of the some of the were followed.
Direction directions. directions.

Explanation Explanation is Explanation is Explanation is a Explanation is

detailed and clear. little difficult to really difficult to
clear. understand. understand.

Neatness The bottled The bottled The bottled The bottled

balloon is very balloon is balloon is less balloon is sloppy
neat and generally neat neat and less and not
presentable. and presentable. presentable. presentable.

TOTAL

Equivalent Points:

10 – 15 = 50

5 – 10 = 30

0–5 = 20