Plastics Testing Solutions

About Plastics Testing

Polymers are utilized in virtually every facet of human activity and industry including packaging, automotive, electronics, healthcare, construction, and
aerospace. Characterization of the many properties of polymers is critical in developing and manufacturing these materials, ensuring quality control and
determining the functionality of a finished product. It is important to understand the properties of a polymer as it moves through its life cycle, from raw
material to compound, semi-finished and ultimately a finished product. Instron® offers a wide range of products tailored to address each and every critical
need during the lifecycle of a plastic material.
The following pages document common testing challenges faced by our customers and how Instron solutions, suited to meet specific application needs,
can solve them.

Introduction 3
 Life Cycle of Plastics From Raw Material to Finished Component

p6 p10 p14

Raw Materials Testing Process Optimization Testing Mechanical Properties

Flow Properties of Recycled Materials, p7 Evaluation of Thermal Degradation Reproducibility Studies and Poisson’s Ratio, p15
During Processing, p11
Replacing Metal Alloys with Plastics, p8 Strain Measurement from Modulus to Break, p16
Data for Accurate Simulation
Multiple Melt Flow Testing Conditions Tensile Testing of Thin Films, p17
of Injection Molding, p12
in a Single Run, p9
Quantitative Analysis of Injected Parts, p12 Compression Testing and System Compliance, p18
Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on
Engineering Multi-Layer Films Tensile Testing in Non-Ambient Conditions, p18
Thermo-Mechanical Properties, p9
for Optimal Performance, p13 Flexure Testing and Strain Measurement, p19
Increasing Throughput and Reproducibility using
Automated Specimen Handling Systems, p20
Impact Testing of PVC Vinyl Material, p20
Penetration Resistance of Protective
Body Armor, p21
Fatigue Tests on Plastics with
a Temperature Chamber, p21

4 Life Cycle of Plastics

p22 p28

Component Testing Packaging Testing

Force Measurement of Medical Impact Testing of Plastic Storage Containers, p29
Syringe and Needle Devices, p23 Tear and Puncture Resistance of Plastic Films, p30
Tensile Testing of Fishing Line, p24 Impact Resistance of Milk Bags, p30
Crack Resistance of Automobile Bumpers, p24 Adhesive Strength of Medical Packaging, p31
Impact Resistance of Soccer Shoe Soles, p25
Eyewear Products and Impact Performance, p25
Durability of Handheld Electronic Devices, p26
Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipes
and Fittings, p27
Evaluating Fatigue Behavior and
Performance of Athletic Shoes, p27

Life Cycle of Plastics 5

 Raw Materials Testing

A successful plastic product starts with choosing of plastic materials are filled with data obtained In this section, you will see examples of challenges
suitable raw materials and by setting up a controlled by basic tests like melt flow rate, impact resistance offered by the QC and R&D world of raw material
supply chain. Given a certain application, should (resilience), softening point, and tensile properties. testing on plastics and composites, and our solutions
a commodity polyethylene be used or some When new products are developed, new based on the range of Instron® products.
engineered polymer? What will be the right matrix formulations are tested and you need to check if the
for a composite? Are you equipped to assess the material can be processed easily, and determine the
consistency of lots by one or more suppliers, and mechanical and thermal properties. Research and
to predict and monitor critical aspects related to Development (R&D) requires a deeper insight based
storage, processing, and final properties? Testing on the same types of tests routinely carried out for
the flow properties of the granulated material, QC, but with a more versatile approach, a bigger
and preparing standard specimens for further amount of data collected and processed, and more
mechanical and thermal tests, is the basis for sophisticated instrumentation to control the test.
Quality Control. The ‘ID cards’ or data sheets

6 Raw Materials Testing

The Challenge Our Solution

Flow Properties of Recycled Materials

The global trend towards increased recycling is
encouraged by national and international regulations,
and is creating both opportunities and challenges
for the manufacturing industry. Bigger and bigger
quantities of plastic scraps are available and ready
for new melting and shaping into finished products.
However, the quality of products may be inconsistent
and ultimately the whole approach is inconvenient if
the processing properties are not controlled. In some
cases, it’s necessary to determine a suitable amount
of virgin material to mix with the recycled one.

Testing flow properties gives a good understanding

of the processing behavior of recycled materials. The
response of different batches and different blends can
be checked with a basic Melt Flow Rate (MFR/MVR)
determination by utilizing melt flow testers. Unknown
and mixed materials - like those involved in recycling -
require a variety of testing conditions, including several
different test masses. CEAST MF20 and MF30 Melt Flow
Testers can be equipped with the Manual Mass Selector,
a device that holds a complete series of test masses
and allows the user to select the most suitable one for
each test. No handling of heavy weights or change in the
instrument configuration are required. Further rheological
characterization of materials can be performed by the
CEAST SR Series of capillary rheometers.

Applicable Standards
ISO 1133, ISO 11443, ASTM D1238, ASTM D3835

Raw Materials Testing 7

 The Challenge Our Solution

Replacing Metal Alloys with Plastics

Ease of processing, reduced weight and cost, HDT and Vicat (VST) are typical testing methods for assessing thermo-mechanical properties
intrinsic chemical resistance: wherever possible, in a simple way, but normally have the same temperature limitations of the standard plastics
industry replaces metals with plastics – this they are applied to. For testing the most advanced plastics, we developed the CEAST HV500
challenging process is often referred to as metal high-temperature HDT/VST machine, which is based on a fluidized bath of inert ceramic powder
replacement. Standard plastics have severe limitations instead of a standard oil bath. Its working range covers all plastics testing extending to as high
in terms of maximum temperature and stiffness, as 500°C. Thanks to its innovative principle, the CEAST HV500 reduces the interaction between
whereas more advanced polymer materials have been heating medium and sample, and eliminates environmental concerns related to oil disposal.
developed and proposed for critical applications where
they can successfully replace light metal alloys. Their
outstanding thermo-mechanical properties need to be
tested accurately to give engineers enough confidence
and fundamental parameters for design.

Applicable Standards
ISO 75, ISO 306, ASTM D648, ASTM D1525

8 Raw Materials Testing

The Challenge Our Solution
Multiple Melt Flow Testing
Conditions in a Single Run
Quality Control (QC) tests, The CEAST MF50 tester performs melt flow tests
including monitoring of applying several different load conditions in a single
lot-to-lot consistency, are semi-automatic test. Values and sequence of test
usually based on melt loads can be selected without changing the instrument
flow tests to evaluate the configuration. The testing principle is the same as the
processing properties of standard MFR/MVR machines, but allows for higher
materials. A basic Melt productivity and comes with a state-of-the-art, user-
Mass-Flow Rate (MFR) or friendly interface.
Melt Volume-Flow Rate
(MVR) test with a single
Applicable Standards
standardized test condition is sometimes not enough
ISO 1133, ASTM D1238
to differentiate similar materials and to give a reliable
characterization. While R&D can afford running more
sophisticated tests, QC requires a large quantity
of simple melt flow tests, but with the possibility of
exploring different test conditions in a short time that
extend beyond the capabilities of standard machines.

Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on

Thermo-Mechanical Properties
The maximum temperature When temperature is elevated, and a defined load
that a plastic can withstand is applied, Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) tests
while under load is a critical offer a standardized and simple way to estimate
characteristic and a challenge the capability to retain mechanical properties. This
that many manufacturers applies significantly to the comparison of performances
face. The performance of between unreinforced and reinforced materials.
relatively standard materials The CEAST HDT machines offer optimal temperature
can be enhanced dramatically control accuracy and high resolution sensors to
by adding glass or carbon measure deflection, as well as offers the option for
fiber; however, the amount an advanced software interface. These machines
of reinforcing phase and its effectiveness needs to be can be used as QC tools and as a reference for more
determined and checked. Poor compatibility of advanced R&D studies.
the reinforcement and excessive cost increase must
be avoided. Applicable Standards
ISO 75, ASTM D648

Raw Materials Testing 9

 Courtesy of University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA

Process Optimization Testing

Even though a portfolio of materials and a of tests are required to sample the material at the In this section, you will see challenges in the field
processing technology is selected, engineers different stages of the process. Pre-series finished of process optimization and the tools offered by
and technicians in the plastics industry still products obtained from the process are also tested. our products to give adequate solutions. Our goal
face big challenges. When they optimize a process Several processing parameters are consequently is to support the job of qualified technicians and
they make it faster, cheaper, more accurate,more chosen and adjusted. Today, everyone wants to engineers of the plastics industry and related
productive, and consistent with time. They need to avoid running trial sessions with the real processing testing laboratories.
handle known limitations of each process, including machines, which wastes energy, materials, and
the onset of thermal degradation. The properties manpower. Simulations can run via software, but
and quality of finished products are greatly affected. a reliable and comprehensive set of material data
To achieve the desired improvements, a better is required, which can be obtained due to suitable
knowledge of the behavior of materials under testing instruments.
processing conditions is needed, and a series

10 Process Optimization Testing

The Challenge Our Solution

Evaluation of Thermal
Degradation During Processing
One of the most common concerns over plastics
processing is the degradation of the material
caused by heat. This results in different chemical
and structural properties, and eventually lower
mechanical and physical properties of the final
product. Higher temperatures are often sought
when looking for increased productivity, but
suitable dwelling times must be determined,
and the effects on the material must be studied
in detail.

Suitable testing procedures, aimed at verifying

thermal degradation onset and effects, can be
defined for both QC and R&D using CEAST Melt
Flow Testers and CEAST Capillary Rheometers.
Dedicated testing methods have been developed
for our capillary rheometers to compare viscosity
measurements performed at different times and
temperatures. The CeastVIEW software assists you
with data manipulation and reporting so you can
understand the best working conditions for the
process while organizing and presenting the most
significant results.

Applicable Standards
ISO 1133, ISO 11443, ASTM D1238, ASTM D3835

Process Optimization Testing 11

 The Challenge Our Solution
Data for Accurate Simulation
of Injection Molding
Injection molding is a powerful Capillary rheometers allow for an extensive and
processing technique with comprehensive characterization of materials, representing
applications ranging from the only off-line way to reproduce processing conditions.
mass production of simple Dedicated accessories have been designed for CEAST
parts made of commodity Capillary Rheometers to measure the pvT of the melt under
plastics to sophisticated processing conditions according to ISO 17744. A single
multi-material and in-mold capillary rheometer, with its accessories, is capable of
decorated parts made of high providing most of the information needed for an accurate
value-added materials. To process analysis and simulation.
design the mold and define
optimal processing parameters, software simulations are
employed with growing success, limiting the number of
trials and related costs. However, accurate input data,
Applicable Standards
including the relationship between pressure, specific
ISO 11443, ISO 17744, ASTM D3835
volume and temperature know as the pvT diagram of
the injected material under processing conditions.

Quantitative Analysis of Injected Parts

Injected parts may be affected by problems of We recommend testing the impact resistance of plate/
homogeneity and consistency of the material and disc-shaped specimens with a drop tower instrument of
of their mechanical properties. This allows for suitable capacity. It’s a quick test and makes it possible
unpredictable behavior and lower performance in to rate the material in comparison with the behavior of
general. Testing the finished product may be complex known and well-performing materials. Testing a sample
and not convenient. Even if specimens with a simplified of only 5 - 10 specimens will demonstrate whether the
geometry are prepared, visual inspection and other properties are consistent and the process is properly
non-destructive tests are not enough to detect such set. Instrumented tests, with force sensors that are
problems. A quantitative analysis with a comparison integrated in the striking tup and a high-frequency data
to expected characteristics is necessary. acquisition system, allow for a detailed quantitative
analysis including absorbed energy to failure, ductility
index, and standard deviation of several parameters. It
can also be completed by the visual inspection of the
broken specimens.

Applicable Standards
ISO 6603-2, ASTM D3763, Industry/Customer Specific
12 Process Optimization Testing
The Challenge Our Solution

Optimizing Blow Molding and

Extrusion Processing
When a polymer melt is extruded from a die, the
cross-section of the extradite is usually bigger than CEAST Capillary Rheometers are designed for the complete characterization of materials like those
that of the die. This is called die swell and is related used for extrusion and blow molding. The viscosity of materials can be accurately measured,
to the material’s elasticity. The swelling can be related and the optional die swell system effectively evaluates properties including swell ratio. These
to processing problems and can generate defects in properties are especially critical for the blowing processes, since they represent the elasticity of the
the finished product. The Die Swell device, equipped material at various temperature and processing conditions. The measure is performed by using a laser
with a laser detector below the die exit, measures the system placed below the capillary die, that measures the diameter of the extrudate.
diameter of the extrudate at different shear rates. The
effect of swelling can be very strong, in particular with
polyolefins (polyethylene, polypropylene) or very low
polyamides and polycarbonate (polyesters).

Applicable Standards
ISO 11443, ASTM D3835

Process Optimization Testing 13

 Mechanical Properties

Evaluating the mechanical properties of plastics evaluations of new materials and to ensure material specific standards. Some of the tests may include
is important to material engineers, designers, performance doesn’t change during production or tensile, compression, flexural, fatigue, impact,
processing groups, and others within organizations over time. Instron® offers a variety of testing systems hardness, and more.
that deal with plastics products. Mechanical for evaluating these properties, some of which In this section, you will see examples of challenges
properties, among other properties, are used include universal, impact, dynamic fatigue, and related to determination of various mechanical
for characterizing plastics and creating material hardness testing systems. These systems are used properties and our solutions based on the range
specifications for different types of products. to test plastics to international standards, such as of Instron products available.
They are important in R&D and QC during the ASTM D638, as well as, other national and customer

14 Mechanical Properties
The Challenge Our Solution

Reproducibility Studies and

Poisson’s Ratio
Reproducibility studies have shown great variance
in the measurement of Poisson’s Ratio, revealing
inconsistent results between labs, as well as within
individual labs. Difficulty in measuring the ratio relates
directly to the measurement of transverse and axial
strain at very small strain ranges. It is entirely possible
to measure Poisson’s Ratio accurately when the correct
equipment and procedures are utilized.

For most plastics, we recommend using a biaxial, high-resolution extensometer that measures both
axial and transverse strain simultaneously. It is important to ensure that the appropriate grips and test
methods are utilized. Pneumatic side-acting grips are preferred since they are self-aligning and permit
adjustable clamping pressures. This allows for consistent clamping forces from one specimen to the
next. Wedge style grips may work as well, but be cautious of moving jaw face wedge grips as opposed
to moving wedge body grips. With moving jaw face style grips, specimens are susceptible to significant
compressive loads prior to the start of the test. Compressive loads may cause the material to bow and
in some cases even yield; both of which could impact the accuracy of the results.
Setting up an appropriate test method is also critical for achieving accurate and repeatable results.
Studies have shown that a “preload” can improve repeatability of results by removing compressive
loads applied during gripping and allow each test to begin at the same positive load or stress values.
The preload value should be high enough that it will straighten a specimen without stretching it.

Applicable Standards
ISO 527-1,-2, ASTM D638, JIS K7162

Mechanical Properties 15
 The Challenge Our Solution

Strain Measurement from

Modulus to Break
For many plastics, particularly thermoplastics, it
can be difficult to select an extensometer that is
capable of accurately measuring modulus and strain
at break. This is true for extensometers where accuracy
is inversely proportional to travel and the strain at
break is 50% or higher, which is common for many
thermoplastics. Most tensile testing standards for
plastics require direct strain measurement only up
to yield and at that point, crosshead extension is
acceptable. However, there are many labs interested
in direct strain measurement at break.

There are several extensometer options available, some more suitable for particular situations than
others. In the case of ASTM D638, the AutoX750 Automatic Contacting Extensometer, the Advanced
Video Extensometer 2 (AVE 2), and some static clip-on extensometers are all acceptable solutions.
When it is desired to measure strain to failure with an extensometer, the extensometer suitability is
dependent on the amount of travel it can accommodate. Clip-on style extensometers have limited
travel, usually 50%, when used to measure modulus, making them more suitable for rigid or filled
plastics. The AutoX750 and AVE 2 can accommodate far more travel and are appropriate for semi-rigid,
rigid as well as even elastomers. For ISO 527-2, we recommend the AutoX750, AVE 2, or some static
clip-on extensometers. Similar to ASTM D638, if it desired to measure strain through failure with the
extensoemter, the device must be able to accommodate the particular material being tested.

Applicable Standards
ISO 527-1,-2, ASTM D638, JIS K7162

16 Mechanical Properties
The Challenge Our Solution

When testing films and the use of an extensometer

Tensile Testing of Thin Films is required, such as for ISO 527-3, it is crucial that
the extensometer does not influence the results.
Tensile testing thin fi lms is one of the most We recommend either our automatic contacting
common plastic tests, and more often than not, extensometer (AutoX750) or our non-contacting
ASTM D882 or ISO 527-3 are the test standards extensometer (AVE 2). The AVE 2 does not physically
followed. There are two common challenges that contact the specimen and, therefore, does not influence
are encountered when tensile testing fi lms. These the results or cause premature failure. The AutoX750 has
include 1) instances when specimens fail at the measuring arms that are counterbalanced and operate
grips and 2) uneven stress distributions. Both of on a nearly frictionless linear guidance system, making
these issues are strongly influenced by the grip them virtually weightless. This feature removes any
type, type of jaw face, and specimen alignment. influence on the material’s properties and will eliminate
When the appropriate configuration is not utilized, premature failure.
repeatability and reproducibility of results will
deteriorate and the data between labs, as well In addition to the testing equipment, specimen
as between operators, will vary. preparation is an extremely important factor to consider
when evaluating the repeatability of results. Specimens
with nicks, cuts, and non-parallel edges will impact
repeatability. The CEAST Manual or Automatic Hollow Die
Punch machines are ideal solutions for producing perfect
specimens in a timely manner.

Applicable Standards
ISO 527-3, ASTM D882, JIS K7127

Automated Solution for Thin Films

Instron developed a new automated handling system
®

for tensile testing film and other flexible materials.

The system utilizes a rotating carousel for specimen
storage and a linear conveyer system that loads
specimens from the carousel into the grips. Before
loading into the grips, three thickness measurements
can be automatically taken, averaged and entered into
the software. By automating the measuring, loading,
and testing of specimens, operators can be assured
that optimum alignment and measurement is achieved
for every specimen; thus improving the repeatability of
results and increasing throughput.

Mechanical Properties 17
 The Challenge Our Solution

When stiffness is important, using an appropriate

Compression Testing testing system is critical. Instron 5900 universal
®

and System Compliance systems are extremely stiff and offer significantly
less frame compliance when compared to most
When conducting compression testing to ASTM D695,
other testing systems.
it is important to understand how system compliance
and stiffness can impact results. Stiffness may vary Stiffer testing frames will reduce system compliance,
considerably for the different frame capacities, as but for overall compliance, it is important to consider
well as between manufacturers. When significantly grips, fixtures, and adaptors. The most effective means
high forces are expected, systems with inadequate of eliminating the affect of compliance on test results
frame stiffness are susceptible to absorbing energy is by using a strain measuring device, such as an
from a specimen during testing and transferring it back extensometer, which attaches directly to the specimen,
into the specimen, resulting in a premature failure. or, a Linear Variable Differential Transducer (LVDT)
Compliance or elastic “give” becomes more of an issue that measures accurate displacement of the platens.
at lower forces and will typically occur within the load If a strain measuring device cannot be used, it is
string. When compliance is not corrected or dealt with possible to compensate for system compliance using
appropriately, load and extension data may not be Bluehill Universal Software, which offers a load frame
®

entirely representative of the material being tested. compliance correction calculation that can be applied
to the test results.

Applicable Standards
ISO 604, ASTM D695, JIS K7181

Tensile Testing in The majority of our basic, standard, clip-on style

Non-Ambient Conditions extensometers are designed to work within a temperature
range of -100 to 200°C (-148 to 392°F), which covers a
Most plastic products are expected to be used vast range of the testing needs. However, there are some
in various environmental conditions, some of applications that have higher temperature requirements,
which may include cold and hot temperatures. for these application we recommend using our high-
Since the mechanical properties of plastics are temperature clip-on extensometers, which can be used
influenced by temperature, it is very important in temperatures as high as 600°C (1112°F). In addition
for designers to consider a plastic’s performance to contacting solutions, video extensometers, such as the
over the temperature range a given product is AVE 2, can also satisfy requirements for a variety of
expected to perform in. Environmental chambers non-ambient applications. The AVE 2 can mount to the
are available to simulate both cold and hot outside door of most Instron environmental chambers,
temperatures. However, it is often challenging allowing strain measurement through the viewing window
to identify the appropriate extensometers and without exposing it to the set-up’s extreme temperatures.
fixtures to use at temperature extremes.

Applicable Standards
ISO 527-1, 2, 3, ASTM D638, JIS K7162

18 Mechanical Properties
 The Challenge Our Solution

Flexure Testing and Strain Measurement

Flexural strength and modulus are very important
properties to plastics manufacturers since many
parts are subjected to bending forces in their end-
use applications. When following ASTM D790 for
3-point bend tests, extension taken from the moving
crosshead is sufficient for calculating flexural strain.
However, some standards, such as ISO 178, require
either a direct strain source or corrected extension for
determining strain.

If a direct strain source is being used, we recommend

using a deflectometer, a spring-loaded plunger
positioned below the specimen. When the specimen
starts to flex, the plunger will compress and strain
can be measured using an appropriate extensometer.
The deflectometer is compatible with certain clip-on
extensometers, the Advanced Video Extensometer
(AVE 2), as well as the AutoX750 automatic contacting
extensometer.

Applicable Standards
ISO 178, ASTM D790, JIS K7171

Mechanical Properties 19
 The Challenge Our Solution
Increasing Throughput using Automated
Specimen Handling Systems Fully-automated specimen handling systems allow
When throughput requirements surpass output potential, for unattended testing throughout the day and evening
laboratories face a difficult challenge and must figure out shifts. These systems improve efficiency and reduce
a way to increased throughput and efficiency. There are a inaccurate data that may result from human error.
few different paths laboratories can take. Operators could Automated handling systems are designed to work
be encouraged to work overtime. While this could certainly with a range of sample sizes and geometries, so if
increase daily output, overtime rates are typically much throughput requirements drop drastically, minimal
higher than standard rates so the increased output will come changes would be necessary to accommodate new
with a cost. Additionally, increased work hours are likely to samples. If desired, automated handling systems can
tire employees, resulting in poor morale, lower quality work, easily be rolled away from a testing frame, allowing
and higher injury-related expenses. Another option may be the frame to be operated manually.
to purchase more equipment and hire more operators. This
would certainly be ideal but if testing volumes decrease Applicable Standards
there could be a lot of equipment downtime and inefficient ISO 178, ISO 527-1,-2, ISO 527-3,
use of manpower. A third option may be to operate a second ASTM D638, ASTM D882, ASTM D790, JIS K7162
shift (if applicable) and that would certainly increase daily
throughput; however, more operators would need to be
hired and additional expenses for running a laboratory
for extended hours are likely to develop.

Impact Testing of PVC Vinyl Material A CEAST 9350 impact drop tower was configured
Homeowners looking to meet ASTM D4226, an industry specified test for
to remodel the exterior identifying the energy required to fracture a specimen
of their house often of PVC vinyl siding material. The Data Acquisition
turn to vinyl siding System (DAS) instrumentation package collects
for its appearance, detailed data plots comparing the performance levels
low maintenance and of vinyl panels with different surface textures and
resistance to weather, and color additives. While the ASTM standard prescribes
insects. Since consumers a nominal striker and support geometry, optional
also value design flexibility, tools are developed to better simulate and study the
manufacturers must offer a effects of balls, rocks, and drills impacting the vinyl
portfolio of impact-resistant siding samples at various speeds and drop heights.
styles. The siding needs to withstand accidental impact Moreover, PVC profiles can be punched in order
from tools and rough handling during installation. Over the to obtain specimens to be tested by means of
lifetime of the house the product must be durable enough pendulum instrument according to Charpy testing
to resist rain, ice, and other weather-induced impacts, as or tensile-impact tests according to different
well as sudden blows from objects such as lawn furniture, international standards.
children’s toys, balls, and rocks. Damaged panels and
unrepaired cracks can propagate allowing penetration
of insects and harmful moisture. Applicable Standards
ISO 179, ISO 8256, ASTM D4226
20 Mechanical Properties
The Challenge Our Solution
Penetration Resistance of
Protective Body Armor
Standards for compliance To test the stab resistance of personal body armor,
testing related to the stab we suggest a CEAST 9350 drop tower with a special
resistance of personal body setup that includes an instrumented tup equipped
armor determine with a blade instead of a standard insert. This method
the minimum performance specifies the minimum requirements for body armor
requirements for the designed to protect the torso against slash and stab
commercially available threats. Penetration of the blade can be directly
equipment. Based upon measured on the armor and compared with software
this testing method, calculations. It can be used for standard control
the equipment’s key according to standard or to study the performances of
attributes are evaluated to ensure the suitable level new materials and combinations.
of protection from sharply pointed instruments and
weapons. The test results from justice agencies and
technology organizations show that stab threats are Applicable Standards
by far the more difficult to defeat due to the contact NIJ 0115.00, Industry/Customer Specific
characteristics, angle of incidence, and number of
hits applied per armor.

When performing low-force dynamic fatigue tests,

Fatigue Tests on Plastics we suggest using our ElectroPuls™ E1000 All-Electric
Dynamic Test Instrument, in combination with a
with a Temperature Chamber temperature chamber, to evaluate the performance
Plastics will fail at stress levels well below their tensile of plastic materials at both low and high temperatures.
or compressive strengths when subjected to cyclic We recommend using fatigue-rated mechanical or
loading; they will fail more severely when subjected pneumatic wedge-action grips and pre-loaded push/pull
to a combination of tensile and compressive loads. rods. Wedge grips have adjustable clamping force which
Plastic materials are highly non-linear and demonstrate helps to ensure there is just enough pressure to grip
different properties when subjected to varying the sample without slippage, while minimizing the risk
temperatures. It is important for designers to look at of premature failure within the jaw face.
the characteristics and fatigue performance of these
Additionally, WaveMatrix™ Dynamic Testing Software
materials before incorporating them into their designs.
can automate the fatigue test with different stress levels
on each step and integrated control of the temperature
chamber. The optional Calculations Module allows
real-time calculation of different material properties
including: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA): Dynamic
Stiffness (K*) or Dynamic Modulus (E*); Elastic
Stiffness; and Energy. These properties help designers
gain a better understanding of the visco-elastic response
of the material under varying conditions.
Mechanical Properties 21
 Component Testing

Nearly everything you see has been tested during Component testing includes simulation of loading may decide to make the lumber thicker or find a
its development and manufacture. Component conditions representative of potential and likely different material with properties more appropriate
testing will continue to be an important aspect of conditions a product may encounter when in use. for the application.
product development and quality control. Advances An example would be to apply a constant load Component testing is also important in QC
in software and simulation tools have lowered to plastic lumber with a 4-Point bend test over a settings to ensure products coming off a line
the need to test some components during the period of time to measure creep. The test would be perform as expected. When out-of-spec products
earlier phases of development. More often than to ensure the plastic lumber will not permanently reach a customer, safety concerns and tarnished
not, component testing continues to be a major deform under the weight of a heavy object or other reputations can have serious implications on
requirement for OEMs at some point during the structure. Data generated from component tests the well-being of a company.
development and manufacturing of products. could very well influence the design and material
used in a product. For instance, if the plastic lumber
were to permanently deform significantly, a designer

22 Component Testing
The Challenge Our Solution

Force Measurement of Medical

Syringe and Needle Devices
Syringes must be tested to ensure the forces necessary
to move the plunger and eject fluid from the barrel are
not too high or too low. These forces depend on many
factors, including the device materials, viscosity of the
liquid, radiation processes used for sterilization, and
instrument design.

Our standard syringe fixture determines breakaway forces at the beginning of injections and sustaining
forces throughout the injection process. Data is produced as the crosshead moves down to expel the
fluid from the syringe in a compressive test mode. The test control and results are provided by Instron ®

Bluehill Materials Testing Software. Initial, mean, maximum, and minimum forces can be calculated,
®

reported or stored in industry-standard formats for further examination. When testing in accordance
with ISO 7886-1 Annex G, we designed a fixture that allows for precise friction measurement for syringe
plungers and the force measurements to eject medications from the syringe or the syringe/needle
devices. The lower grip holds the barrel, while the upper unit is designed to eject liquid from the barrel
in a compression test or inspire liquid into the barrel in a tensile test. Universal testing systems can be
configured in either an upright or horizontal position to utilize these fixturing options. In some cases,
the horizontal configuration is advantageous because it allows accurate simulation of the instrument in
its functional position. This configuration may also prevent any sediment in the liquid from clogging the
barrel or needle tip during the test.

Applicable Standards
ISO 7886-1, Industry/Customer Specific

Component Testing 23
 The Challenge Our Solution

Tensile Testing of Fishing Line

Tensile testing fishing line We offer several different types of grips that utilize a
is becoming more and more capstan style design. This is necessary to distribute
challenging as top producers, the stress over a larger portion of the grip surface -
like Zebco, improve the reducing the chances of a jaw break. For most fishing
performance of their products, lines, the standard cord and yarn grips are sufficient;
creating stronger lines that however, there are some products that are tougher to
are smaller in size. Tougher test and require a more specialized solution. For these
products often create difficulty types of products, which are often high strength and
associated with jaw breaks low friction, we recommend our Aramid cord and yarn
and specimen slippage. grips. The Aramid grips have a higher clamping force
but more importantly, a different type of surface finish
that is designed to reduce jaw breaks.

Applicable Standards
Industry/Customer Specific

Crack Resistance of Automobile Bumpers

Impact testing on plastic To understand the impact resistance properties
components used in cars of the material used in the bumper, we recommend
and motorcycles provides performing a series of tests on specimens - in
data about their response plaque form - at varying impact energies, velocities,
to an impulsive high-speed and temperatures. After collecting this data on
mechanical impact and the raw material, the finished bumper can then be
invaluable information in tested under the same set of conditions. By fully
regards to safety. One example instrumenting the test with a tup and data acquisition
comes from studies completed system we are able to evaluate how the bumper reacts
by automotive companies on to an impact event by studying the changes in the
vehicle bumpers. To absorb a mechanical impact, such load-deformation curves from the varying test events.
as an unintentional bump at low speed, bumpers must
deform in a flexible manner. However, at the same time,
they must have the ability to break and dissipate part of Applicable Standards
the impact energy during a major incident. These qualities Industry/Customer Specific
must be determined for different working temperatures
and conditions.

24 Component Testing
The Challenge Our Solution

Impact Resistance of Soccer Shoe Soles Manufacturers need a flexible system to evaluate
the impact resistance of raw materials, as well as
One of the most common sports
the end-product. The CEAST 9300 Drop Tower series
played around the world is football
is versatile enough to guarantee the test of the raw
(American soccer). An important
material, as well as testing the finished soles of the
piece of equipment that the
shoes at different impact energies and speeds. Using
player wears is their shoes, giving
a multi-purpose plate allows the accessory to be
them the best support, stability,
placed in the correct test position. We suggest using
grip, and traction necessary.
interchangeable tup inserts of different shapes and
Furthermore, the type of sole,
sizes to simulate the effect of an impact on the lower
which is the most strategic
surface during rushes, runs, jumps, and accelerations.
component of the shoe, will
These inserts can be used in combination with an
strongly depend on the field and the weather conditions.
instrumented tup and a Data Acquisition System (DAS)
With such a great investment in research and development
to gather impact results.
to correctly design and shape the lower surface, the material
to be adopted is highly important and plastic is playing a
dominant role in this market. Applicable Standards
Industry/Customer Specific

Eyewear Products and Impact Performance

A significant portion of the Lens manufacturers need a flexible test instrument
world’s population wears some to research materials and demonstrate product
form of corrective or protective compliance to government specifications. We designed
eyewear such as reading a custom support fixture and mounted it in the lower test
glasses, sunglasses or sports area of the CEAST 9310. During this test, we impacted
goggles. Eyeglass lenses made different materials with various coatings at multiple
from plastic are lighter in weight drop heights. The data provided detailed information
and more comfortable to wear. about the relative deflection, maximum load, and energy
If impacted, lenses must not absorption of the different materials and coatings. This
allow significant pieces of the information was used to steer product development and
material to break off the surface closest to the eye. The to demonstrate product compliance.
primary purpose of eyewear is to improve vision, but the
lenses must also withstand impact forces resulting from
Applicable Standards
unintentional drops and hits. The potential consequences
FDA Title 21 Sec. 801.410(d)(2)
of impact failure are immediate and severe. Government
regulations set minimum impact performance standards for
eyewear products. These often outline simple tests including
dropping a steel ball of a required size and weight from a
defined height onto the lens.
Component Testing 25
 The Challenge Our Solution

Durability of Handheld
Electronic Devices
Many consumer electronic products ranging from
mobile phones and cameras to game controllers
and MP3 players are subject to a variety of arduous
conditions during everyday use. Repetitive operational
forces, along with accidental damage caused by drops,
bumps, and other misuses, cause damage to plastic
casings, lens covers, keypads, and buttons. Cumulative
effects can result in a buildup of microscopic damage
that may eventually result in failure of a piece part
and render the device inoperable.
With the widespread use of handheld electronic
devices in the marketplace and the growing dependence
our population places in them, it is becoming more
unacceptable to consumers for these electronic
products to fail during a reasonable product life. As
the feature gap between many products narrow and
with increased competitiveness of many devices in the
market, differentiators such as quality, robustness,
and durability of these consumer products can be
advantageous to many manufacturers. The Instron 5944 with XY stage is designed For testing the materials used to make game
to perform multi-point compression testing on controllers we recommend using either the 9350
plastic components such as buttons. The XY or the 9340 Tester with Data Acquisition System
stage offers the ability to load multiple samples (DAS) and Visual Impact software, configured
or components and conduct low force to meet ASTM D3763 and/or ISO 6603-2. With
compression testing on all the samples in one either of these systems the test can be set up
single automated run. This test is primarily to replicate a drop that the controllers may be
performed to record low deflection of the subjected to during their life. A custom fixture
components and typically measures the allows the controller to be impacted in several
stiffness of various samples. locations that are important to the controller
surviving the impact. The impact resistance
Instron’s Bluehill® 3 with multi-test feature information gathered by performing instrumented
offers user friendly approach to create methods. testing can be used to help determine the best
material and manufacturing process for the
casing, as well as making improvements to the
overall design.

Applicable Standards
26 Component Testing ISO 6603-2, ASTM D3763
The Challenge Our Solution
Impact Resistance of When testing only to the lower impact energies (12 to 60
Thermoplastic Pipes and Fittings ft-lb), we recommend using the CEAST 9340. If the product
The impact resistance of needs the maximum test conditions (300 ft-lbs), the CEAST
thermoplastic pipes and fittings 9350 with the High Energy Option is ideal. Smaller pipes
relates to its suitability for and fittings can be easily tested on either system. To
service and to the quality of the prevent a secondary impact of the falling weight onto the
processing. It may also provide a pipe or fitting, our anti-rebound device is ideal. The large
relative measure of the material area at the bottom of the testing systems offers room for
resistance during handling, larger diameter pipes up to 12 inches. For pipes wider
installation, and in non-buried than 12 inches, we offer larger, extended support tables.
applications, to in-service Additionally, to fully protect the operator from flying debris, we include a selection of interlocked safety
breakage. ASTM D2444 enclosures. Lastly, by including the instrumentation package, the operator is able to find and gather
determines the resistance of thermoplastic pipes and fittings detailed data collection of failure points.
to impact by a falling dart (tup) under defined conditions. The CEAST 9050 impact pendulum is ideal for other tests according to ISO standards. These tests allow
Results gathered can be used for establishing impact test the operator to determine the impact strength of a thermoplastic pipe by the Charpy method. A short
requirements in product standards and to measure the length of pipe, or a strip test sample, is conditioned at a selected temperature and then supported by
effect of changes in materials, processing, and any effects a horizontal beam, unnotched, and promptly struck once on a line midway between the supports by a
of the environment on the pipes or fittings. A valuable piece pendulum with a given energy (typically 15 or 50 J). After the impact, it is necessary to inspect the test
of information that may not be found without the use of piece for damage and to report the number
testing systems is the first crack or incipient damage point. and the percentage of failures in respect Applicable Standards
Pipes or fittings may fail in interior areas and remain
to the total amount of specimens tested. ISO 7628, ISO 9854, ASTM D2444
undetected when visually inspected.

Evaluating Fatigue Behavior and In addition to performing mechanical tests to

Performance of Athletic Shoes ASTM F1614, our ElectroPuls Test Instruments provide
®

flexibility to test other criteria - including the evaluation

During the design and of energy returned by a shoe during impact, the amount
development of the latest of cushioning provided by different shoe and sole
sports shoes, engineers
designs, and the long-term fatigue behavior of the shoe.
and researchers need to
investigate the impact and WaveMatrix™ Dynamic Test Software’s optional
rebound performance of Advanced Control Module provides the ability to ensure
different materials and sole cross-mode peak levels are maintained on impulse and
designs. In addition to normal other complex profiles such as walk cycles or recorded
everyday uses, high-intensity gait data. The calculation of properties such as Energy,
sports activities such as Elastic Stiffness, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
basketball, skateboarding, or running are placing even (DMA) help characterize the shoe’s performance.
more challenging demands on today’s athletic footwear
that can result in impact forces at more than 10 times the
bodyweight. Manufacturers are under pressure to develop Applicable Standards
new sports shoe designs with advanced air cushioning, ASTM F1614
gel-filled capsules, and complex sole structures that offer
superior technical performance. Component Testing 27
 Packaging Testing

Packaging materials play a critical role in the the producer as well as for the end user. Products for packaging applications, all of which can be
global market. Food, consumer goods, healthcare such as disposable medical devices, must be determined using a universal testing system.
products, toys, and electronics rely heavily on sterilized prior to use. To ensure sterilization during Puncture tests can be performed with a drop
advances and developments occurring in the shipment and storage at the customer sites, tower that utilizes a variety of clamping and striker
packaging industry. A package’s key function is appropriate packaging must be used. For the food geometries. Tensile impact tests can also be
to protect its contents from damage caused by industry, packaging is a leading concern not only carried out with pendulum machines.
improper handling, environmental factors, or due to the growing number of food products on the In this section, you will see examples of challenges
bacteria. The demand for improved materials and market, but the consequences of contamination related to various packaging applications and our
innovative types of packaging is ever-increasing. within the global food chain are enormous. solutions based on the range of Instron products.
®

For some products, faulty or inappropriate Tensile, seal, burst, and flexural strengths are just
packaging may result in serious implications for some of the many properties that are important

28 Packaging Testing
The Challenge Our Solution

Impact Testing of
Plastic Storage Containers
Reusable plastic containers - sold in a wide range of
shapes, sizes, and colors - are popular for preparing
and storing food. Designed for use in refrigerators,
freezers, microwave ovens, and dishwashers, these
versatile containers must withstand harsh temperature
extremes without deterioration. Cold containers can easily
crack or split when dropped; hot containers can become
too soft and easily separate from a lid. In either case, the
resulting food spills or contamination leads to consumer
frustration. Key for the provider of these containers is
how to strengthen the impact resistance while maintaining
costs associated with their production.

Impact testing needs to be performed on materials in

both raw and finished states, and allows the producer
to determine the best mix of material components -
raw to regrind mix and resin to resin - by comparing
resistance to impact tests. Testing finished products
allows the customer to analyze design impact (knit line
locations, overall design/shape), and manufacturing
process. Using a CEAST 9340 or 9350 Impact System
- configured with lighter weight crossheads and anti-
rebound devices - customers can look for and find
incipient crack damage. Lastly, the addition of an
environmental chamber allows for heating and cooling
of specimens for further testing and evaluation.

Applicable Standards
ISO 6603-2, ASTM D3763, Industry/Customer Specific

Packaging Testing 29
 The Challenge Our Solution

Tear and Puncture

Resistance of Plastic Films Thin films can be tested by means of many different
Plastic films used in packaging methods, according to the aspect of the film under
are subjected to impacts investigation. For puncture resistance a drop tower
during the filling process or system or ball drop tester should be used, and the
subsequent stages. If the tear resistance can be measured with tear tester
packaging tears or punctures, (Elmendorf Pendulum). In addition, the drop tower
the product packed within may should be used in combination with an instrumented
become tainted. The packaging tup, which allows for additional analysis and
market is growing around comparisons on the tested film. For example, the
the world and the demand failure of layered structures in the penetration test
of new and sophisticated may be characterized by a variety of changes in the
material is a priority. From one side, the market is asking load-displacement curve after first crack or damage.
for the improvement of the typical behavior and on the In addition, some of the most common films show
other side, there is a growing interest in the new and multiple peaks or multiple slope changes when
innovative aspects. One aspect that seems to interest testing a layered, or filled material.
the global market is the possibility to substitute synthetic
materials with those obtained from renewable resources
(biopolymers). Applicable Standards
ISO 7765-2, ASTM D7192,
ASTM D5420, ASTM D1709, ASTM D1922

Impact Resistance of Milk Bags

Milk is one of the most popular The milk bag is placed on the flat support and a tup,
beverages around the world instrumented or not, is released with a predefined
and is the primary source of energy per the testing standard. A flat surface insert will
nutrition often consumed outside impact the bag, causing the milk bag to compress. By
the home. The increasing need following this process, quality professionals can verify
to distribute, transport, and store the impact resistance of the bag. The instrumented tup
milk bags, which minimizes the captures the force of impact onto the bag - allowing
production costs, is one essential users to evaluate the failure force and the energy that
element of the packaging is necessary to break the bag.
producers. Due to this request,
all operations are done in a manual process and the milk
Applicable Standards
bags are often manually moved and distributed. One of the
ASTM D7192, ASTM D5420, ASTM D1709, ASTM D1922
biggest challenges for bag producers is developing advanced
technologies that reduce costs and increase impact
resistance of the milk bags that may be subject to impacts
during these manual movements.

30 Packaging Testing
The Challenge Our Solution

Adhesive Strength of Tear, Peel, Friction (TPF) software

Medical Packaging module contains pre-configured
methods for conducting three different
The medical device industry is moving toward
peel tests: T-peel, 90° peel, and 180°
pre-packaged disposable devices, such as surgical
peel. Using
instruments and syringes. The tensile strength of
a high-data acquisition rate to
the adhesives used for such packaging must
ensure the peel profile is accurately
be assessed according to ASTM F88 to ensure
characterized, the strength of the
sterilization of the instruments during shipment
adhesive bond is evaluated using the
and storage at the customer site.
basic calculation of maximum force
on an absolute peak, or using more
advanced calculations such as the
average of a specific number of peaks,
troughs or a combination of both.
Users have great flexibility in specifying
where measurement begins and ends,
enabling the software to calculate a
broad range of results.

Applicable Standards
ASTM D903, ASTM F88, JIS K6854-2

Packaging Testing 31
 Product Portfolio

Impact Testing Systems Capillary Rheometers

Impact tests expose materials and products to dynamic events, forcing the material to absorb loads quickly. The
The innovative SmartRHEO Series of
information provided by this type of testing is useful in understanding how that material will perform in real-life
Capillary Rheometer systems accurately
situations. The purpose of impact testing is to simulate these real-life conditions in an effort to prevent the product
investigate the rheological properties of
from breaking, or to make its failure predictable. While all impact tests measure the absorbed energy when defined
polymers and composite thermoplastic
stresses are applied at various speeds, there are significant differences in equipment, specimen geometry, and
materials for R&D, Advanced QC, and
results interpretation. The common impact test methods can be divided into two categories: (1) impact by a swinging
process optimization- including injection
pendulum or (2) impact by a falling dart.
molding, extrusion, and blow molding. A
broad range of options simulate specific
applications and include fundamental
properties like Melt Strength, Thermal
Conductivity, Die Swell, and PVT.
32 Product Portfolio
 Impact | Rheology | Thermo-Mechanical | Specimen Preparation

Melt Flow Testers Thermal Testing Specimen Preparation

The versatile Melt Flow Tester Series are From very simple units for quality control labs to more advanced and automated According to the requirements of
ideal for routine Melt Mass-Flow Rate systems, the Instron line of CEAST Thermal systems are designed to determine
®
international standards, Instron
(MFR) and Melt Volume-Flow Rate (MVR) the behavior of plastic materials at high temperatures. They measure the offers an extensive range of machines
measurements. These testers accurately heat deflection temperature (HDT) and the Vicat softening temperature (VST) designed to cut out specimens from thin
perform test procedures ranging from according to the related ISO and ASTM international standards. CEAST HDT and and soft plastic materials. Manual and
the simple manual determination of MFR Vicat testers are equipped with either 3 or 6 independent working stations that fully-automatic notching, milling, and
to semi-automated MVR measurements automatically run the entire test cycle. Part of this testing application series punching cut methods cover the widest
involving multiple test weights. is the innovative Aloxide tester using the Aluminum Oxide micrometer-sized range of testing applications.
powder heating system.

Product Portfolio 33
 Product Portfolio Software | Electromechanical

Bluehill® Universal 5900 Series

Bluehill Universal is our newest static testing software, built from the ground- The 5900 Series offers exceptional performance and is designed with
up for touch interaction. The new portrait layout, with its meticulously crafted enhancements that deliver superior accuracy and reliability. Systems range
visual design, gives the most comprehensive view of the test workspace on the from single column frames, capable of low-force testing below 0.5 kN, to
Operator Dashboard, a stunning large-format touch monitor with an integrated heavy duty floor model systems capable of testing forces up to 600 kN.
controller. Bluehill Universal’s large touchpoints and intuitive gestures make 5900 Series frames are most commonly used for tensile and compression
the user experience simpler and smarter. While maintaining all of the power testing. Additional test types include tension/torsion, shear, flexure, peel,
and flexibility found in previous versions of Bluehill Software, Bluehill Universal tear, friction, cyclic, and bend tests.
boasts many advanced capabilities, such as pre-loaded test methods,
QuickTest in seconds, and enhanced data exporting.

34 Product Portfolio
 Electromechanical | Dynamic

3300 Series Dynamic Testing Instruments

The 3300 Series of mechanical testing systems are ideal for routine This extensive range of fully-integrated dynamic and fatigue testing systems are
tests, providing simplicity and performance. System capacities range capable of running tests from 1 N up to 2500 kN. Incorporating servohydraulic,
from <0.5 kN up to 100 kN and can be configured for operation with servo-electric, and linear motor technologies, these test instruments cover a
Bluehill LE and Bluehill Universal Software. broad range of fatigue, dynamic, and static testing applications. These applications
include high-cycle fatigue, low-cycle fatigue, and thermo-mechanical fatigue, crack
propagation and growth studies, fracture toughness, bi-axial, axial-torsional,
multi-axial, high strain rate, quasi-static, creep, stress-relaxation, and other types of
dynamic and static tests.

Product Portfolio 35
 Product Portfolio Automated Testing Systems

AT2 XY Stage Multi-Station Test Frame TestMaster AT3 and AT3+

The Instron® Automated XY Stage Testing The Instron 5900 Series Multi-Station System The Instron TestMaster AT3 (tensile) and AT3+
System is designed for automated compression offers enhanced throughput with its ability to (flex) Automated Testing System utilizes an
or tension testing of devices and/or components perform simultaneous, independent tests on up innovative design for the automatic tensile and/
with multiple and repetitive test points via a to five (5) separate specimens using a single load or flexural testing of plastic specimens. Meeting
motorized XY Stage. The XY stage easily mounts frame. Based on our standard 5967 testing frame the testing requirements of ASTM D638 and
to a 5940 series single column testing frame (30kN capacity), this system is especially suitable D790, ISO 527-2 and ISO 178, the automated
and Instron’s TestMaster Automation Control when expected test times are lengthened due to specimen loading feature improves repeatability
Software provides simple configurability to meet high elongation or slow test speeds. and reproducibility of testing and results.
a variety of testing needs.

36 Product Portfolio
 Index: Standards

The many standards referenced within this brochure are not intended to be a complete and comprehensive worldwide list of standards; but a list of the most
prominent and widely-used in the materials testing industry. Many of the testing solutions discussed are closely related to standards defined by other national,
international, and industry-specific standards organizations. For further information, support, or application expertise, please contact your local Instron office.
®

We also encourage you to visit the Testing Solutions section of our website at www.instron.com

ASTM Standards ASTM D5748* ISO 7765-2, p30 Other Standards

ASTM D6272a* ISO 7886-1, p23 FDA, p25
ASTM D638, p15, 16, 19, 20
ASTM D7192, p30,31 ISO 8067* NIJ 0115.00, p21
ASTM D648, p8, 9
ASTM F88, p30 ISO 8295*
ASTM D695, p18
ASTM F1306* ISO 9854, p27
ASTM D732*
ASTM F1614, p27 ISO 11897*
ASTM D790, p18, 20
ISO 11443, p7, 11, 12, 13, 20
ASTM D882, p17, 20
ISO Standards ISO 17744, p12
ASTM D903, p30
ISO 75, p8, 9
ASTM D1004*
ASTM D1238, p7, 9, 11
ISO 178, p18, 20 EN Standards
ISO 306, p8 EN 868-5*
ASTM D1525, p8
ISO 527-1, p15, 16, 19, 20 EN 1607*
ASTM D1621a*
ISO 527-2, p15, 16, 19, 20 EN 1979*
ASTM D1708*
ISO 527-3, p17, 19, 20 EN 14509*
ASTM D1709, p30, 31
ISO 604, p18 EN 50086-2-4*
ASTM D1894*
ISO 844*
ASTM D1922, p30, 31
ASTM D2444, p27
ISO 1133, p7, 9, 11 JIS Standards
ISO 1421* JIS K6854-2, p30
ASTM D2659*
ISO 1798* JIS K7017*
ASTM D3163* JIS K7092*
ISO 1926*
ASTM D3763, p12, 26, 29 JIS K7125*
ISO 6259-1*
ASTM D3835, p7, 11, 12, 13, 20 JIS K7127, p17, 20
ISO 6259-3* JIS K7161*
ASTM D3846*
ISO 6383-1* JIS K7162, p15, 16, 19, 20
ASTM D4226, p20
ISO 6603-2, p12, 26, 29 JIS K7171, p18, 20
ASTM D5420, p30, 31
ISO 7628, p27 JIS K7181, p18
ASTM D5458* JIS K6854-2, p30

*To learn more about our solution for this standard, please visit the Testing Solutions section of www.instron.com

Index: Standards 37
 Index: Test Type
Analytical Standard Page
Density ISO 1183 *
Bulk Density ASTM B212, ASTM B213, ASTM B329, ASTM D1895 Method A or B, ISO R60, ISO 6186 *

Mechanical
Tensile ASTM D638, ASTM D882, ISO 527-1,2,3, ISO 1798, ISO 1926, JIS K7127, JIS K7161, JIS K7162 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 24, 26
Flexural ASTM D790, ASTM D6272, JIS K7017, JIS K7171 18, 20
Compression ASTM D695, ASTM D1621, ASTM D3846, ISO 844, ISO 604, JIS K7092, JIS K7181 18, 23, 26
Pendulum Impact ASTM D256, ASTM D 1822, ASTM D4812, ASTM D6110, ASTM E23, ISO 179, ISO 180, ISO 8256 20, 27
Drop Impact ASTM D2444, ASTM D3763, ASTM D5628, ISO 6603, ISO 7765, FDA, NIJ 0115.00 12, 20, 21, 24-27, 29
Drawing Characteristics in the Molten State ISO 16790 13, 20
Dynamic/Fatigue ASTM F1614 21, 26, 27
Peel, Tear and Friction ASTM D903, ASTM D1894, ISO 8067, ISO 8295, ISO 6383-1, ISO 11897, JIS K6854-2, JIS K7125, ISO 7886-1 23, 31
Shear ASTM D3163, ISO 8067 *
Elmendorf Tear ASTM D1922 30
Compression Set ASTM D395 *
Falling Dart Impact ASTM D1709, ISO 7765 30
PVT tests ISO 17744 12
Environmental Stress Cracking ASTM D1693 *

Thermal
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ASTM D696, ASTM E831, ASTM E1545, ISO 11359 *
Heat Deflection Temperature HDT ASTM D648, ISO 75 8, 9
Vicat Softening Point ASTM D1525, ISO 306 8
Thermal Conductivity of Melt ASTM D5930 12
Brittleness Temperature Test ASTM D746, ASTM D2137, ISO 974 *
Carbon Black Content ASTM D1603 *

Rheological
Melt Flow Rate (MFR) ASTM D1238, ASTM D3364, ISO 1133 7, 9, 11
Melt Flow Index (MFI) ASTM D1238, ASTM D3364, ISO 1133 7, 9, 11
Melt Volume Flow Rate (MVR) ASTM D1238, ASTM D3364, ISO 1133 7, 9, 11
Capillary Rheometry ASTM D3835, ASTM D11443 11, 12, 13, 20

Specimen Prep
Milling NA *
Bar Notching ISO 2818 17

38 Index: Test Type *To learn more about our solution for this standard, please visit the Testing Solutions section of www.instron.com
Support for the Life of Your Equipment

When You Need Us, We’re There Maximize Uptime Quality Standards You Can Trust
Founded in 1946, Instron has established
® The Instron world-class service organization is Operating under ISO 9001 quality standards and
itself as a leading supplier of materials testing committed to deliver high-quality installation, with an extensive list of accreditations, Instron
equipment and solutions. Operating with 25 calibration, training, maintenance, and technical employs a product design philosophy where our
offices in 18 countries and more than 1200 support throughout the life of your system. We customers’ data integrity, safety, and protection
employees, we have a global infrastructure that is help ensure that your systems are there when of investment are paramount. We strive to ensure
local to you and remain committed to advancing you need them. that our customer satisfaction is second to none.
materials and components testing techniques.

Support 39
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