TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Domain and Range of

Trigonometric Functions

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Consider a unit circle (i.e. the circle with radius = 1) with centre at the origin O.
Let P be a point on the circle such that OP makes angle θ with the x axis in
Anticlockwise direction i.e. ∠AOP = θ

y
Then cosθ and sin θ
P(x , y) are defined as
cosθ = x – coordinate of P
θ sin θ = y – coordinate of P
x′ x
O 1 A

y′ 3
TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Period
2
π

Maximum value of sine = 1 Minimum value of sine = –1

Range of sine is [–1 , 1] Period of sine is 2πc

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Sine Function
y = f(x) = sin (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x
Range: -1 ≤ y ≤ 1
Period : 2𝜋
It is a odd function
Graph of sin(x) function

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Cosine Function
y = f(x) = cos (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x
Range: -1 ≤ y ≤ 1
Period : 2𝜋
It is a even function
Graph of cos(x) function

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 TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Tangent Function
y = f(x) = tan (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x except x ≠ (2n + 1) (π/2)
where n is any integer
Range: All the real numbers
Period : 𝜋
It is a odd function
Graph of tan(x) function

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 TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Cotangent Function
y = f(x) = cot (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x except x ≠ nπ, where n is
any integer
Range: All the real numbers
Period : 𝜋
It is a odd function
Graph of cot(x) function

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 TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Secant Function
y = f(x) = sec (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x except x ≠ (2n + 1) (π/2)
where n is any integer
Range: (-∞, -1] ∪ [1, ∞)
Period : 2𝜋
It is a even function
Graph of sec(x) function

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Cosecant Function
y = f(x) = cosec (x)
Domain : It is defined for all real values of x except x ≠ n𝜋, where n is
any integer
Range: (-∞, -1] ∪ [1, ∞)
Period : 2𝜋
It is a odd function
Graph of cosec(x) function

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Trigonometric functions Period Domain Range

Sin θ 2π All Real numbers [-1, 1]

Cos θ 2π All Real numbers [-1, 1]

Tan θ π All Real - (2n + 1)π/2 All Real numbers

Sec θ 2π All Real - (2n + 1)π/2 (-∞, -1] ∪ [1, ∞)

Cosec θ 2π All Real - nπ (-∞ , -1] ∪ [ 1, ∞)

Cot θ π All Real - nπ All Real numbers

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Q1. Find the domain and range of the function

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Solution :

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Q2. Find the domain and range of

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Solution :

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Q3. Find the domain and range of

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Solution :

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Q4. The function f : R ⟶R is defined by f(x) = cos2x + sin4x for x 𝜖 R,

then the domain and range of f(x) is

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Solution :

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Q4. The function f : R ⟶R is defined by f(x) = cos2x + sin4x for x 𝜖 R,

then the range of f(x) is

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Result Prove that – √ a2 + b2 ≤ a cos x + b sin x ≤ √ a2 + b2

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Prove that – √ a2 + b2 ≤ a cos x + b sin x ≤ √ a2 + b2

Solution Proof : Let y = a cos x + b sin x

Multiply and divide by √ a2 + b2
a b
cos x + sin x
y = √ a2 + b2 √ a +b 2 2 √ a2 + b2
sin α cos α
y = √ a2 + b2 sin ( x + α )
√a 2 √a 2
+b2 +b2
b a
γ α
a b 25
 TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Example: 5 Find the maximum and minimum value of cos2 θ – 6sin θ cos θ + 3sin2 θ + 2

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Example: 5 Find the maximum and minimum value of cos2 θ – 6sin θ cos θ + 3sin2 θ + 2

Solution : cos2 θ – 6sin θ cos θ + 3sin2 θ + 2

1 + cos2θ 1 – cos2θ
= – 3 sin2θ + 3 + 2
2 2

1
= 1 + 3 – 2 cos 2θ – 6 sin2 θ + 2
2
1
= 8 – 2 cos 2θ – 6 sin 2θ
2

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

1
= 8 – 2 cos 2θ – 6 sin 2θ
2

= 4 – cos2 θ – 3 sin2 θ

a sin x + bcos x + c c - √a2 + b2 , c + √a2 + b2

∈
Minimum : 4 – √12 + 32 = 4 – √10

Maximum : 4 + √12 + 32 = 4 + √10

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 TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Example: 6 1
Find the maximum value of the expression
sin2θ + 3sinθ cosθ + 5
cos2θ

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 TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Example: 6 1
Find the maximum value of the expression
sin2θ + 3sinθ cosθ + 5 cos2θ
Solution :
Consider E = sin2 θ + 3sinθ cosθ + 5 cos2θ
1 – cos2θ 3 5
= + sin2θ + (1 + cos2θ)
2 2 2
1 5 (5cos2θ – cos2θ) 3
= + + + sin2θ
2 2 2 2

3 sin2θ
= 3 + 2cos2θ +
2

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

3 sin2θ
= 3 + 2cos2θ +
2

9
√ 22 + 3 √4+
2
Min (E): 3– = 3– 4
2
√25
= 3–
2
5
= 3–
2
1
=
2

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

To get max value of

1/E, we need min
As E = sin2 θ + 3sinθ cosθ + 5 cos2θ value of E
1
Min (E) =
2
1
Maximum value of 2 is 2
sin θ + 3sin θ cos θ + 5 cos2 θ

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

H.W
Q. Find minimum and maximum value of 3 cosx+5 sin(x - π/6)

A -√25 , √25

B -17 , 17

C -√21 , √21

D None of these

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Thank You
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TRIGONOMETRY - LESSON 9

Solution :

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