1.

0 SCOPE

This is a specific procedure written in accordance with guidelines provided in ASME B31.3 for the purpose of
weld inspection using Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT), direct contact technique on newly welded
butt joints of carbon steel and low alloyed steel material at XXXXXXX Project, during piping construction.

This document details the procedure by which ultrasonic examination of ferrous butt welds for material
thickness 2.87 mm to 28 mm with pipe diameter ≥ 3/4” (DN 20) up to < 20”(DN 500). It is relevant to weld
joints having single V-shaped geometry. Similar inspection procedure can be applied on the base material
where necessary.

Complex geometries and alternative materials will require special consideration.

Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) technique used is a semi-automated method of inspection with high
probability of flaw detection, accuracy of flaw location measurement and flaw sizing.

2.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

 ASME B31.3: Process Piping.

 ASME V Article 4: Ultrasonic Examination for Welds.
 ASNT CP-189: ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification non-destructive Testing Personnel.
 ASTM E2491-13: Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Phased-Array
Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems.
 ASTM E1316-18A: Standard Terminology for Non-destructive Examinations.

3.0 DEFINITION

 A-scan: a method of data presentation utilizing a horizontal base line that indicates distance, or time,
and a vertical deflection from the base line which indicates amplitude.
 Active Aperture: The number of elements in a phased array transducers used for the examination.
 Amplitude: the vertical pulse height of a signal, usually base to peak, when indicated by an A- scan
presentation.
 Angle Corrected Gain (ACG): This is compensation for the variation in signal amplitudes during S-
scan calibration at swept angles. The compensation is typically performed electronically at multiple
depths. A set of gain values is applied to each summed A-scan presentation during angular
electronic scanning in order to get the same amplitude level for echoes reflected by a specific target,
whatever the refracted angle or depth. Note that there are technical limits to ACG, that is, beyond a
certain angular range, compensation is not always possible.
 Array: a patterned arrangement of elements. Typical arrangements include linear, annular, two-
dimensional matrix and “rho-theta”.
 B-scan: a means of ultrasonic data presentation which display a cross section of the specimen
indicating the approximate length.
 Calibration: correlation of the ultrasonic system response(s) with calibration reflector(s).
 Couplant: a substance used between the search unit and examination surface to permit or improve
transmission of ultrasonic energy
 C-scan: an ultrasonic data presentation which provides a plan view of the test object, and
discontinuities therein.
 Encoder: A device that records probe position for computer analysis.
 Focal Law: A phase array operational file defining search unit element and time delays for
transmitted and received signals.
 FSH: Full Screen Height
 PAUT: Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing.
 Pitch: The centre-to-centre distance between two successive phase array transducer elements.
 Saturation: a condition in which an increase in input signal produces no increase in amplitude on the
display
 Scan Plan: A document specifying key process elements such as equipment detail and probe
positions as necessary to complete an examination, at the same time depicting weld coverage.
 Sensitivity: a measure of the smallest ultrasonic signal which will produce a discernible indication on
the display of an ultrasonic system.
  SDH: side-drilled hole, a type of reflector commonly used in reference standards. Side-drilled holes
are circular cylindrical reflectors drilled parallel to the major surface of the reference standard with
the intended target surface perpendicular to the sound beam axis
 Signal-to-noise ratio: the ratio of the amplitude of an ultrasonic indication to the amplitude of the
maximum background noise.
 S-scan/ Sectorial Scan: In this scan a single group of elements is excited using multiple focal laws to
form a series of different beam angles emanating from the same group of elements.
 TCG: Time Corrected Gain, compensation of sweep gain as a function of time for difference in
amplitude of reflections from equal reflectors at different sound travel distance.
 VPA: Virtual Probe Aperture, the group of elements (focal law) that is sequenced in the scan.

4.0 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE

Objective of this inspection is to provide an inspection technique to control the quality of welding of carbon
steel and low alloy material during piping construction process. Unlike the conventional ultrasonic pulse-echo
technique that use a single piezoelectric crystal, phased- array probes are composed of multiple elements
that can be designed either as a general-purpose transducer, or optimized for a specific application.

To utilize the advantage of PAUT which include improved resolution and flexibility derived from the ability to
perform electronic focusing, beam steering, scanning and produces a real-time image indicating presence of
flaws, if any, and their lengths and through-wall dimensions. Data will be recorded in A, B, C, D and S-scan
form.

Acceptance and rejection criteria will be in accordance with that provided by the owner or as per that
recommended in ASME B31.3.

The Essential Variables shall be as per latest revision on Table V-421 and T-421, ASME V Article 4. A
change of requirement in Essential Variables will require re-qualification of this procedure.

5.0 PERSONNEL

The PAUT inspection team shall normally consist of 2 number technicians, at least one of whom shall be a
Level II Technician and the other a Level I Assistant.

All technicians shall be trained and qualified to Level I and II in PAUT in accordance with ISO 9712
accredited systems, e.g., CSWIP, PCN or ASNT. They shall be familiar with operation of test system and
equipment utilized.

Personnel who appointed to the PAUT Operator shall possess valid Level II certificate and 3 years of
accumulated experience in PAUT.

The technician performing result interpretation shall be the Level II Technician, trained & experienced in
analysing PAUT images

All technicians shall be examined annually to ensure that they have natural or corrected near-distance acuity
in at least one eye such that each individual is capable of reading Jaeger Number 1 test chart or equivalent
at a distance of not less than 12 inches.

6.0 EQUIPMENT AND SET-UP

All PAUT system shall be evaluated as per ASME V, Article 23 and qualified in accordance with ASME V,
Article 14. Inspection Equipment shall consist of:

a) Omni Scan System PA32:128 or above, able to feature A, B, C, D, E or S-scan displays with
Sectorial & linear scan, real time imaging and analysis views (details in Attachment III)
 Manual PAUT Scanner/Cobra Scanner/Crawler Scanner with detachable encoder.
 Ultrasonic Probes (details in 6.2.1 below).
 PAUT Wedges–Detachable type (details in 6.2.2below).
 Calibration/Demonstration Blocks (details in 7.4 & 7.5 below).
 Mini-wheeled encoder (if necessary).
 Tomo View software latest version.
 NDT Setup Builder software latest version.
  IIW Block.
 Printer

The following information forms the general requirement for equipment set-up for this inspection. Changes
may be made by the PA Technician at site as and when he deems necessary to overcome restrictive
condition at site to suit need or change in inspection condition.

6.1 Ultrasonic probes

The nominal probe frequency shall be used from 2MHz to 7.5MHz unless variables, such as production
material grain structure, require the use of other frequency to ensure adequate penetration or better
resolution. Search units with contoured contact wedges used to aid ultrasonic coupling. The following probes
shall be used:

MAKER PART No Frequenc Number of Pitch Active Array Type Applicable

O D Pipe
y (MHZ) element (mm) Aperture Range (“)
Olympus 5L32-A11 5 32 0.6 19.2 Linear > 4.5
Olympus 5L64-A2 5 64 0.6 9.6 ~19.2 Linear > 4.5
Olympus 7.5CCEV35- 7.5 16 0.5 8.0 Linear 0.84-4.5
16

6.2 Probe Wedges

Refracting wedge used on curved surfaces shall require contouring to match the surface curvature if the
curvature causes a gap between the wedge and examination surface exceeding 0.5mm at any point. The
following wedges shall be used on detachable phased array probes.

MAKER PART No Probe type Nominal Sweep (°) Probe orientation

refracted beam
angle
Olympus SA11-N55S A11 55° SW 30° to 70° Normal
Olympus SA2-N55S A2 55° SW 30° to 70° Normal
Olympus SA15-N60S-IH A15 60°-SW 35° to 70° Normal

6.3 Couplant

A couplant shall be used which provides a consistent transmission of ultrasound between the probes and the
material. Such couplant, normally a water or oil base fluid, shall not cause any subsequent corrosion to the
material. The couplant used for calibration shall be the same as that used in subsequent testing and post
calibration. Running water may be used as couplant for PAUT examination.

6.4 Non-compliance

In event any part of the weld concerned could not be inspected or any part or portion of weld could not be
accessed for complete inspection, such limitation shall be recorded and reported in final report.

7.0 SYSTEM CALIBRATION

7.1 System Linearity

Linearity check shall be performed as per ASTM E2491. System Linearity verification shall be validated at 6-
month intervals by manufacturer/ calibration service company who traceable to national & international
standards.

a) Screen Height Linearity shall be within ± 3% of full screen height

b) Time Base Linearity shall be within ± 2% of full screen width
c) Amplitude Control shall be within tolerance as below
 Table 7.1

INDICATION Set at % dB Control Indication Limits % of Full

Full screen Change Screen
80% -6 dB 32% to 48%
80% -12 dB 16% to 24%
40% +6 dB 64% to 96%
20% +12 dB 64% to 96%

7.2 Element Check

An element operability check shall be performed before initial calibration and use, and weekly on each
phased array probe to determine if dead or inactive, or defective elements are present.

No more than 25 percent of the elements shall be dead and in a given aperture, and no more than two
adjacent elements shall be dead within a given aperture.

In addition, each phased array element shall be evaluated for relative amplitude within the aperture and shall
be verified to be within ±2 dB of the average amplitude of the other elements.

If the amplitude is outside the ±2 dB requirement, then the probe element shall be declared dead.

7.3 Equipment calibration

As required by the codes that it is essential requirement to calibrate the phased array system for delay and
attenuation differences due to different path lengths in the wedge that the various focal laws required.

In Figure 7.3 below, illustrates an example of the special screen feature used to ensure that the amplitude
response from each focal law provide a uniform amplitude response to the calibration reflector. The operator
moves the probe back and forth as the portable phased array unit automatically adjusts gain to the
prescribed amplitude (80% is indicated in Figure 7.3). The horizontal scale is the virtual probe aperture
(VPA) which defines the group of the elements (“focal law”) that is sequenced in the scan. These may be
linear steps or angles, depending on whether S-scans are being calibrated. Once the amplitude response is
seen to be the same for all the virtual probe apertures, the operator enters the calibrations part of the
configuration.

Calibration shall be conducted at before and after every working shift in forms of raw data, html report and
image.
7.4 Contact Wedge

The same contact wedge to be used during the examination shall be used for calibration.

7.5 Calibration of sound velocity

Sound-velocity calibration is required or recommended, the easiest way is to use a double radius, for
example an IIW calibration block or custom block. Figure 7.3.2 shows a typical IIW calibration block with two
radii. Measure the time of flight between the two radii to get the velocity of the calibration block. A “Velocity
Wizard” is available with the Omni Scan software in the calibration section of the user’s Manual.

7.6 Calibration of wedge delay

IIW Block/Calibration block shall be used to calibrate sensitivity of equipment and wedge delay.

The objective of the wedge calibration is to compensate for the different times of flight from the various
beams in the wedges. This applies to S-scans. There is a wedge-delay calibration wizard in the Omnis can
software to assist the operator.

The operator sets a time gate with enough width to encompass all the reflections at all angles and positions
(see Figure 7.3.3 (a)). Note the variable time of arrival of the signals due to the wedge geometry.
The probe is scanned back and forth over the reflector (SDH) to build an envelope, as shown in Figure 7.3.3
b. Note that the time of arrival of the signals is not constant due to the wedge geometry.

The operator then “calibrates” the wedge delay using the automatic calibration process in Omnis can, and
the calibrated wedge delay is shown in Figure 7.3.3 (c). The signal time-of- arrival is compensated for the
different wedge path lengths, and the reference reflector signal arrives at a constant time.

7.7 Sensitivity Calibration

The recommended Omnis can calibration procedure for S-scans on Omnis can is Auto TCG, which
inherently includes the ACG correction (see section 7.3.5).

The setup is the same as Figure 7.3.3 c, with an IIW block. The reflector from the radius is gated (similar to
Figure 7.3.3 c) and amplitude corrected along the whole radius to give an Angle- corrected Gain. This
process is covered in the Omnis can manual, and a wizard is available for assistance.
TCG (Time-Corrected Gain)

Calibration block shall be use to calibrate Time-Corrected Gain (TCG).

Performing this calibration compensates for:

a) The attenuation in the material,

b) The attenuation in the wedge, and
c) The attenuation due to beam steering.

During a TCG calibration, a reflector is scanned through all the different beam angles and a TCG point is
saved at the position of this particular reflector. Set reference level for each reflector at 80% FSH. If the true-
depth ruler is selected, a TCG point will be set at the same depth for each beam. If half path or time of flight
is selected, a TCG point will be recorded for each beam at the half-path distance or sound path.

The following example shows a calibration setup for a shear-wave S-scan from 40° to 70°.

During calibration, the reflector must be seen individually by all the beams, and the software records the
amplitude correction and the time of flight of this reflector for each beam (see Figure 7.3.5).
7.8 Calibration Blocks

The calibration block shall be a section of product form of the nominal size schedule, heat treatment and
material specification as the materials being examined. This block configuration and reflectors shall be as
shown in Attachment I, Appendix C of this procedure (as per described in ASME V Article 4 para-T-434.3).
The basic calibration block shall be ±25% of nominal thickness of the component to be examined.

The notches shall be used to confirm adequate sensitivity settings. PAUT system shall be capable to detect
all 4 notches with maximum error of measurement of 20% for both depth and length

Where two or more base material thicknesses are involved, the calibration block thickness shall be
determined by the average thickness of the weld.

7.9 Surface Finish

The finish on the surface of the block shall be representative of the surface finish on the components.

7.10 Block Quality

The calibration block material shall be completely examined with a straight beam search unit.

Area that contains indication exceeding the remaining back reflection shall be excluded from the beam paths
required to reach the various calibration reflectors.

7.11 Materials with Diameters 20” and less

For examination of materials where the examination surface diameter is equal or less than 20”, a single
curved basic calibration block shall be used for examination in the range of curvature from 0.9 to 1.5 times
the basic calibration block diameter.
7.12 Encoder Calibration

Encoder calibration shall be made by moving the encoder along a 500mm measured distance on a metal
surface. The distance recorded by the encoder shall fall within ±1% (5mm) of actual distance moved. Such
calibration shall be made before the start and at the end of work each day.

In event the encoder is found to give an error of >-1% at the end of the day, the inspection performed for the
day shall be repeated on locations where linear flaws were detected.

7.13 Calibration Intervals

Calibration shall be carried out and recorded as follows: -

 At the start of a scanning session, or

 When a change in scan set-up is made (such as change in distance range point, change in
sensitivity)
 After a change of system operator and /or any part of the inspection system,
 When the system calibration check indicates an unacceptable change in the settings,
 At the end of a scanning session or if a change in scan set up is made.
  Temperature from block to pipe must be within 14°C.

Note: Cooling procedure is not necessary due to calibration done at the office/ room temperature

7.14 Transfer Loss

Transfer loss to be assessed when the block material differs from test component, and it may due to PWHT
process. It is requirement to determine a transfer loss and adjust basic sensitivity prior to any test. The
transfer loss is established by placing transducer on block and set 1st backwall echo to 80% FSH. Repeat
this process on the test component at similar thickness. The gain difference to obtain 80% FSH between
block and component to be inspected is the transfer loss.

7.15 Post Examination Cleaning

When required, post inspection cleaning shall be accomplished to remove residual inspection material
(couplant) by flushing with a solvent based cleaner then finally wiping with rags. Post cleaning examination
not required if running water as couplant for PAUT examination.

8 GENERAL EXAMINATIONREQUIREMENT

8.1 Examination Coverage

The area to be tested shall be examined by moving the phased array search unit over the examination
surface within the full skip distance, so as the electronically sweep/scan the entire weld volume including
HAZ area plus 6mm on each side of weld. As a minimum, each linear scan of the phased array probes shall
overlap a minimum of10% length of probe wedge along to the direction of scan.

Some weld joint geometries, such as tee or corner joints, may not allow phased array examinations from
both sides of the weld. A combination of S-Scans may demonstrate full coverage of the weld from only one
side.

8.2 Rate of Phased Array Search Unit Movement

The rate of search unit movement shall be synchronized with data acquisition for positioning and dimension
of defects on scan axis. Scanning speed shall be such that data drop-out is less than 2 data lines per 25mm
of the scan length and that there are no adjacent data line skips.

8.3 Scanning Sensitivity Level

The sensitivity shall be set using the acoustic grain noise set at < 5%FSH. The reference block or the actual
test component shall be used for this purpose. This scanning sensitivity level shall be at least 6dB higher
than the reference level gain setting.

8.4 Transducers Scanning Pattern

 Semi-automated scanning using semi-automated scanner.

 Linear scanning– The phased array search unit moves parallel to the weld axis and beam direction
perpendicular to the weld as shown in Figure 8.4.2.
8.5 Beam Scanning Patterns

There are generally two major computer-controlled beam scanning patterns as follows:

 Linear scanning

The focal law and delay is multiplexed across a group of active elements (see figure 8.5.1a), scanning is
performed at a constant angle and along the phased array probe length by a group of active elements called
a vitual probe aperture (VPA). If an angled wedge is used, the focal laws compensate for different time
delays inside the wedge. This set-up is very useful for detecting sidewall lack of fusion or inner-surface
breaking cracks (see figure 8.5.1b)

8.6 Sectorial scan

It is also called S-scans, Azimuthal scanning or angular scanning. As a data display, it is a 2Dview of all A-
scans from specific set of elements corrected for delay and refracted angle. When used to refer to the beam
movement, it refers to the set of focal laws that sweep through a defined range of angles using the same set
of elements. (See figure 8.5.2a & b)

8.7 Surface Preparation

The base metal on each side of the weld shall be free of weld spatter, surface irregularities or foreign matter
that might interfere with examination. Prior to inspection, preliminary check at site shall be carried out to
verify the suitability condition of the surface and remedial action to be taken if necessary.

8.8 Supplementary Transverse Scan

Equipment Requirement

The examination shall be conducted with an ultrasonic pulse echo system, with automatic computer-based
data acquisition system. This equipment shall be capable of generating pulses covering the nominal range
of1MHz to 10MHz.
The ultrasonic instrument shall provide linear vertical (sweep range) presentation within ±5% of the FSH for
20% to 80% of the FSH (base line to maximum calibrated screen height). Following are the steps for vertical
linearity check on IIW block:

Position the search unit on 100mm radius as shown in Figure 8.7.1.3. An indication at 100mm and second
indication from a reflection from the vertical notches at the center point 200mm back to the radius and
returning to the transducer when the exit point of the wedge is directly over the centre point of the wedge is
directly over the Center point of the radius.

The ultrasonic instrument shall utilize an amplitude control (horizontal linearity) accurate over its useful
indication limits range as mentioned in table 8.7.1.3, to allow measurement of indication beyond the linear
range of the vertical display on the screen. Following are the steps for horizontal linearity check

Position and angle beam search unit on a basic calibration block as shown below in Figure 8.7.1.3 so that
the indication from the ½T side-drilled hole is peaked on the screen. Adjust the sensitivity (gain) as shown in
the following table. The indication shall fall within the specified limits. Alternatively, any other convenient
reflector from any calibration block may be used with angle or straight beam search units.
For angle probes, frequencies of 2MHz to 4MHz with crystal size of approximately 8 x 9 mm shall normally
be used. Exit point and exact angle of beam propagation of each individual probe shall be checked and
marked.

Inspection Setup Configuration

Welds shall be examined for transverse flaws which may be performed by a non-encoded manual phased
array or conventional ultrasonic technique. Welds without reinforcement shall be scanned directly over the
weld area. While scanning, the angle beam shall be directed essentially parallel to the weld axis in both axial
directions. Welds with reinforcement, the examination shall be performed from the base material on both
sides of the weld cap. While scanning parallel to the weld axis, the angle beam shall be directed from 0 deg
to 60 deg with respect to the weld axis in both axial directions. Transducer scanning pattern refer to Figure
8.7.2a & 8.7.2b. Result of inspection shall be recorded in UTFD report as attached in Attachment VI.

9.0 INSPECTIONPROCEDURE

A system shall be set up that will provide identification of Project, ISO Drawings No., Joint-Number, and weld
datum etc that can be accepted by the system reporting software and acceptable by all inspection parties
concerned.

A scan plan for the weld to be examined shall be developed for equipment essential set-up parameters and
system configuration. These set-ups included the coverage of weld HAZ plus ¼ inch of the base metal.

Scans shall be made with an encoder in order that length of defects can be accurately indicated and
measured from the images directly. A scan overlap of minimum of25mm shall be extended as proof of 100%
joint coverage.

Scanning is normally performed from external/OD surface of the pipes.

Weld caps at T-junctions will have to be flushed in order that scanning can be performed across and over the
weld to inspect the weldment perpendicular to it.

Flaws shall be evaluated using Tomo view/ Omni PC software in accordance with acceptance criteria of
ASME B31.3. Rejectable flaws shall be marked on the weld for repair.

A repaired portion of a weld shall be re-scanned and re-examined to confirm that the reject-able flaw has
been removed and the weld is within acceptable limit. The length of such re-scan shall include at least 50mm
on either extremity of the repaired location.
Avoid having saturation of flaw signals which affects accuracy of flaw height measurement. Re-scan with
lower sensitivity where necessary.

9.1 Calibration In/Out

At start of each day and end of a day’s/ shift’s work, repeat calibration on relevant block to ensure equipment
set-up has been maintained.

9.2 Perform Scan

Ensure identification of weld joint to be tested. Enter joint identification and other information for traceability
in file data sheet.

Using 0deg probe to perform lamination and thickness check.

Select probe type in accordance with set-up and Scan Plan (Attachment I, Appendix A).

Insert probe selection data into file data sheet.

Perform encoder calibration. Set scan file length to 500mm.

Calibrate set-upby performing a scan with relevant calibration/demonstration block.

Remove weld spatter, loose paint and other foreign material from scanning surface of weld joint with scraper
or power brush.

Mark “0” datum point on each weld and every 100mm distance thereof along the entire weld length. Datum
point “0” shall be at top (12 o’clock position) for horizontal pipe Lines and for vertical pipe-lines the“0” datum
shall be at plant north. Scan shall be performed clockwise in the fluid flow direction. Refer Attachment II for
scan direction.

Apply couplant, which may be water or cellulose paste, on the area of scan.

Place PA probes affixed with encoder on both sides of the weld joint at datum point 0 and start scan.
Inspection may also be performed on one side of the weld with a single probe one at the time. As soon as
data collection function is activated, move the scanner along the weld maintaining the position plus an
additional 25mm for overlap. Location not providing clear data due to bad, or no probe contact shall be re-
scanned. Save data collected.

Repeat step9.10.8 for the next weld length until entire weld joint is completed.

10.0 RESULT PRESENTATION & INTERPRETATION

PA results will be presented in A, B, C, D, or S form with the horizontal axis of the image representing
distance along the weld axis and the vertical axis of the image representing the through wall dimension. All
data shall be collected and saved in external storage device, flash card or USB memory stick. Interpretation
and defect sizing shall be carried out either on the PA unit or on a remote PC by using Tomo View/ Omni PC
latest software.

The location, amplitude and extent of all reflectors that produce a response greater than 20% of the
reference level shall be investigated. When a reflector is determined to be a flaw, it shall be evaluated for
acceptance in accordance with of ASME B31.3.

11.0 SIZING OF FLAWS

11.1 PAUT Length Measurement

Flaw length parallel to the surface can be measured from the distance encoded B- or C-Scan images using
amplitude 6dB drop techniques by placing the vertical cursor on the extents of the flaw displayed on B- or C-
Scan display (See Figure 10.3.1).
11.2 PAUT Height Measurement

Flaw height normally to the surface can be measured from B- or S-scan images using amplitude drop or tip
diffraction technique.

 Using amplitude 3dB drop technique, the horizontal cursors are placed on the displayed flaws upper
and lower extents (see figure 10.3.2a).
 Using tip diffraction techniques, the horizontal cursors are placed on the upper and lower tip signals
of the displayed flaw (see figure 10.3.2b)
11.3 Result Interpretation

Open scanned image for result interpretation immediately after each performed scan.

All indications produce a response greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated.

Observe all flaw indications and evaluate flaw in accordance with para 11.0. All flaws shall be described
specifically according to their names (e.g. slag inclusion, cracks, porosity, etc)

Flaws exceeding the acceptance limit shall be marked on its exact location indicated with flaw depth for
repair. Additional sketches of flaw location may be provided if necessary.

Flaw length & height measurement shall be determined in accordance para 10 above.

Result interpretation shall always be made from the computer screen which provides better contrast and
definition compared to its printout.

11.4 Method for discriminating geometric from flaw indication

Linear indication such as cracks (transfer & longitudinal), lack of penetration, lack of fusion and slag line
produce single very sharp and height flaw indication that when search unit swing around the defect’s location
cause immediate drop of related echo in ultrasonic testing display device.

Rounded indication such as isolated porosity & slag produce single low gain flow indication that when search
unit swing around the defect’s location, related echo in ultrasonic testing display device does not eliminate
immediately.

Rounded indication such as cluster porosity produce multiple flaw indication like a grass & noise.

Location (depth and distance) of all above indication shall be investigated and interpreted by estimation of
maximum sound path of related indication.

False and non relevant indication shall be separate by relevant indication with interpretation of the depth,
location and height of related echo.

12.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Acceptance and rejection of flaws shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 paragraph 344.6.2 and client
requirement:

A linear-type discontinuity is unacceptable if the amplitude of the indication exceeds the reference level and
its length exceeds:

 6 mm for thickness ≤ 19 mm
 1/3 of thickness for19 mm < thickness≤ 57 mm
Indications characterized as cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetration are unacceptable regardless of
length.

13.0 REPORTING

13.1 On-site Reporting

A report may be provided immediately on site. This shall contain a brief summary of weldment inspected,
results obtained, with pertinent details of repairable flaw indications.

13.2 Final Report

Final report shall be submitted after analysis with appropriate software (Tomo view/ Omni PC).

The final report shall consist of printed image of each scan with sufficient information to allow traceability of
the weld. These reports shall then be compiled and submitted in hard and/or soft copy (PDF format). Scans
of repaired welds shall be attached to their respective initial scans as evidence that repair has been carried
out.

A sample copy of the PAUT Report is attached in Attachment IV.

Reporting shall consist of a minimum of all PA parameters used to carry out inspection and additionally
including following information shall be provided in the final report:

a) Client

b) Project Name

c) Location

d) ISO Drawings Identification

e) Weld /Joint Number

f) Welder Identification

g) Material Type & Thickness & Size

h) Surface condition

i) Inspection Technique

j) Procedure No. and Procedure Revision

k) Calibration File Reference /Data

l) Probe Type-Frequency. Angle, size

m) Beam Angles Used

n) Couplant

o) PAUT Equipment Identification including manufacturer’s serial no., calibration certificate, etc.

p) Computerized software & its revision

q) Acceptance Criteria

r) Operator Names and Qualification Level

s) Restriction of scan if any

t) Date of Inspection

u) Result PAUT Interpretation & transverse scan

ATTACHMENT I

Summary of PAUT Datasheet for Bloc

And Scan Plan

ATTACHMENT II-1

Scan direction & Datum Point 0

Horizontal Pipe
ATTACHMENT II-2

Sketch Showing Phased Array Probes movement direction of scan on Pipe