BMCG 4743
Tutorial 5 : Forced Convection
1. Air enters an 18 cm diameter 12 m long underwater duct at 50C and 1 atm at a mean
velocity of 7 m/s, and is cooled by the water outside. If the average heat transfer
coefficient is 65 W/m2.K and the tube temperature is nearly equal to the water
temperature of 10C, determine the exit temperature of air and the rate of heat transfer.
(Ans: 14.84°C, 7.34 kW)
2. Water at 43.3C flows over a large plate at a velocity of 30 cm/s. The plate is 1 m long
(in the flow direction), and its surface is maintained at a uniform temperature of 10C.
Calculate the steady rate of heat transfer per unit width of the plate. (Ans: 14400 W)
3. Consider a hot automotive engine, which can be approximated as a 0.5 m high, 0.4 m
wide and 0.8 m long rectangular block. The bottom surface of the block is at a
temperature of 100C and has an emissivity of 0.95. The ambient air is at 20C, and the
road surface is at 25C. Determine the rate of heat transfer from the bottom surface of
the engine block by convection and radiation as the car travels at a velocity of 80 km/h.
Assume the flow to be turbulent over the entire surface because of the constant agitation
of the engine block. (Ans: 1786 W, 198 W, total=1984 W)
4. The top surface of the passenger car of a train moving at a velocity of 95 km/h is 2.8 m
wide and 8 m long. The top surface is absorbing solar radiation at a rate of 380 W/m2,
and the temperature of the ambient air is 30C. Assuming the roof of the car to be
perfectly insulated and the radiation heat exchange with the surroundings to be small
relative to convection, determine the equilibrium temperature of the top surface of the
car. (Ans: 37.5°C)
5. Determine the convection heat transfer coefficient for the flow of (a) air and (b) water at
a velocity of 5 m/s in an 8 cm diameter and 10 m long tube when the tube is subjected to
uniform heat flux from all surfaces. Use fluid properties at 25C. (Ans: 21.7 W/m2.K,
11960 W/m2.K)
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6. The components of an electronic system are located in a 1.5 m long horizontal duct
whose cross section is 20 cm x 20 cm. The components in the duct are not allowed to
come into direct contact with cooling air, and thus are cooled by air at 30C flowing
over the duct with a velocity of 200 m/min. If the surface temperature of the duct is not
exceed 65C, determine the total power rating of the electronic devices that can be
mounted into the duct. (Ans: 640 W)
7. Water is to be heated from 10C to 80C as it flows through a 2 cm internal diameter,
13 m long tube. The tube is equipped with an electric resistance heater, which provides
uniform heating through the surface of the tube. The outer surface of the heater is well
insulated, so that in steady operation all the heat generated in the heater is transferred to
the water in the tube. If the system is to provide hot water at a rate of 5 L/min, determine
the power rating of the resistance heater. Also, estimate the inner surface temperature of
the pipe at the exit. (Ans: 24140 W, 96.3°C)
8. Water at 15C is to be heated to 65C by passing it over a bundle of 4 m long, 1 cm
diameter resistance heater rods maintained at 90C. Water approaches the heater rods
bundle in normal direction at a mean velocity of 0.8 m/s. The rods are arranged in-line
with longitudinal and transverse pitches of SL = 4 cm and ST = 3 cm. Determine the
number of the tube rows NL in the flow direction needed to achieve the indicated
temperature rise. (Ans: 206)
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9. Hot air at atmospheric pressure and 75C enters a 10 m long uninsulated square duct of
cross section 0.15 m x 0.15 m that passes through the attic of a house at a rate of 0.2
m3/s. The duct is observed to be nearly isothermal at 70C. Determine the exit
temperature of the air and the rate of heat loss from the duct to the air space in the attic.
(Ans: 72.15°C, 582 W)
