Design of rectangular combined footing
Design a rectangular Combined footing, given that:
f’c= 21 Mpa, fy= 400Mpa and qall,net= 200 Kpa.
Column 1 (350mm x 350mm) DL= 500KN , LL = 650 KN
Column 2 (450mm x 450mm) DL= 700 KN , LL = 850 KN
1. The area
∑𝑄𝑤
qall,net =
𝐴
Q1 = 500+650 = 1150 KN
Q2 = 700+850 = 1550 KN
1150+1550
A= = 13.5 m2
200
The location of resultant, R:
R= Q1+ Q2 = 2700 KN
∑M@O = 0
𝐿
1150 x 0.8+ 1550 x 6.8= 2700 x
2
L = 8.48 m
L1 = 8.48-6.8 = 1.68 m
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 13.5
B= = = 1.59 m
𝐿 8.48
2. The effective footing depth "d"
Qu1= 1.2*500+1.6*650 = 1640 KN
Qu2 = 1.2*700+1.6*850 = 2200 KN
∑ 𝑄𝑢 1640+2200
qu = = = 284.44 KPa
𝐴 13.5
the linear load is: qu’= 288.44*1.59 = 453.1 KN/m
the allowable shear stress in the concrete
Vc =1298 KPa (2 way action / punching shear )
Vc = 649 KPa (one way action / wide beam )
2.1 The wide beam shear check
For column 1
0.35
Vu= 1277.5 – ( + 𝑑 ) ∗ 453.1 = 1198.2 – 453.1 d
2
𝑉𝑢
Vc =
𝐵∗𝑑
1198.2−453.1 𝑑
649 = ; d= 0.806 m
1.59∗𝑑
For column 2
0.45
Vu= 1441 – ( + 𝑑 ) ∗ 453.1 = 1339.05 – 453.1 d
2
1339.05−453.1 𝑑
649 = ; d= 0.9 m > 0.806 m , then d= 0.9 m is the governing value
1.59∗𝑑
2.2 Punching Shear check
𝑉𝑢
Vc = where,
𝑏0∗𝑑
b0 is the punching perimeter
Vu = Qu - A.q ; A is the punching area
For column 1
b0= 4(c+d) = 4(0.35+0.9) = 5 m
A= (c+d)2 = (0.35+0.9)2 = 1.5625 m2
Vu= 1640 – (284.44*1.5625) = 1195.5 KN
The current shear, v=
1195.5
= 265.6 𝐾𝑝𝑎 < 𝑉𝑐 = 1298 𝐾𝑃𝑎 , 𝑡𝑢𝑠 𝑑 = 0.9 𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
5∗0.9
For column 2
bo= 4(c+d) = 4(0.45+0.9) = 5.4 m
A= (c+d)2 = (0.45+0.9)2 = 1.8225 m2
V= 2200 – (284.44*1.8225) = 1681.6 KN
1681.6
v= = 346 𝐾𝑃𝑎 < 𝑉𝑐 = 1298 𝐾𝑃𝑎, 𝑡𝑢𝑠 𝑑 = 0.9 𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
5.4∗0.9
then, d= 0.9 m
3. The reinforcement
3.1 L- direction
3.11 Top reinforcement
1441 𝑋
Zero shear at = then x= 3.18 m
1277.5 6−𝑋
3.18+1.675 2
Mmax = 2200*3.18 – 453.1* =
2
1656 KN.m/B
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 1656
M (KN.m/m')= = = 1041.5
𝐵 1.59
𝐴𝑠∗𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠∗400
a= = = 0.0224 As
0.85∗𝑓 ′ 𝑐∗𝑏 0.85∗21∗10 3
𝑎
Mu= Ф*As* fy ( d - )
2
0.0224
1041.5 x106= 0.9As x 400 x (900 – As)
2
As= 3354.5 mm2/m' (top steel)
Check:
𝐴𝑠 3354.5
ρ= = = 0.37*10-4
𝑏𝑑 900∗1000
1.4 1.4
ρmin.= max ( = = 3.5 ∗ 10−3
𝑓𝑦 400
0.25∗ 𝑓′ 𝑐 0.25∗ 21
( = = 2.864 * 10-3
𝑓𝑦 400
ρmin.= 3.5*10-3 < ρ = 3.1*10-3< ρmax= 0.016
AsT= 3354.5*1.59 = 5333.65 mm2
Use 11Ф22mm (AT= 510*11=5610mm2)
Spacing:
B = (n - 1)* S +2* cover + ф
1590 = (11-1) * S + 2*50 + 25.4
S= 146.6 mm < 500 mm OK
3.2.1 Bottom reinforcement
As min = 3.5*10-3 *900*1000 = 3150 mm
3150
Mu min = 0.9*3150*400*(900-0.0224* )= 980.6 *106 = 980.6 KN.m/m'
2
The bottom moments are:
145
Mc1 = = 91.2 < 𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑖𝑛
1.59
635.6
Mc2 = = 399.7 < 𝑀𝑢 𝑚𝑖𝑛
1.59
Then minimum steel should be distributed at the bottom
use As min = 3150 mm2/m’
As total = 3150*1.59 = 5008.5 mm2
Use 10 Ф25mm
3.2 B-direction
Column 1
L’2 = L2 – c/2 = 0.8-0.35/2 = 0.625 m < 0.75d=0.675 m
S1 = (L’2 +c1 + 0.75*d)
= (0.625+0.35+0.75*0.9) = 1.65 m
𝐵−𝑐1 1.59−0.35
L’m = = = 0.62 m
2 2
𝑄𝑢1 1640
qu = = = 625.12 𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝐵∗𝑆1 1.59∗1.65
𝑞𝑢 ∗𝐿′ 𝑚 2 625.12∗0.62 2
Mu = = = 120.15 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚'
2 2
Since, Mu min = 980.6 > Mu = 120.15
Use Asmin = 3150 mm2/m’
As Total = 3150 * 1.65 = 5197.5 mm2; 11Ф25mm
Column 2
L’1 = L1– c2/2 = 1.68 - 0.45/2 = 1.45 m > 0.675 m
S2 = (c2 +1.5 d)
= (0.45+1.5*0.9) = 1.8 m
𝐵−𝑐2 1.59−0.45
L’m = = = 0.57 𝑚
2 2
𝑄𝑢2 2200
qu = = = 768.69 𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝐵∗𝑆2 1.59∗1.8
𝑞𝑢 ∗𝐿′ 𝑚 2 768.7∗0.57 2
Mu = = = 124.87 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚
2 2
Since, Mu min = 980.6 >Mu = 124.87
Use Asmin = 3150 mm2/m’
As Total = 3150 * 1.8 = 5670 mm2; 12Ф25mm
Note:
As min with a total of As= 3150 x S3 and As= 3150 x S4 should be distributed in S3 and S4
widths
the development length should be checked for both columns
4. Dowels
4.1 Column 1
Area of column, A1=w2=3502= 122500 mm2
Effective area of footing A2=(b+4d)2=(350+4*900)2=1560500 mm2
𝐴2 𝐴2
= 11.3>2 ……….. take =2
𝐴1 𝐴1
𝐴2
fc= 0.85 Ф f’c
𝐴1
=0.85*0.7*21*2= 25MPa
The actual ultimate contact pressure at ultimate load is :
𝑄𝑢1 1640∗10 3
fc act= = = 13.4 MPa < fc =25MPa……. Use minimum dowels
𝐴𝑔 350 2
dowels are always required where As 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005Ag
As = 0.005Ag = 0.005*3502= 612.5 mm2; 4 Ф16mm
4.2 Column 2
Area of column, A1=w2=4502= 202500 mm2
Effective area of footing A2=(b+4d)2=(450+4*900)2=16402500 mm2
𝐴2 𝐴2
= 9>2 ……….. take =2
𝐴1 𝐴1
𝐴2
fc= 0.85 Ф f’c
𝐴1
=0.85*0.7*21*2=25 MPa
The actual ultimate contact pressure at ultimate load is :
𝑄𝑢2 2200∗10 3
fc act= = = 10.86 MPa < fc =25MPa……. Use minimum dowels
𝐴𝑔 450 2
As min = 0.005Ag=0.005*4502=1012.5 mm2 ; 4 Ф19mm
