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LD50 Graph Method

The median effective dose or ED50 is a measure used in biological sciences to quantify the potency of substances like drugs, hormones, and microorganisms. It refers to the dose that produces a specified effect in 50% of test subjects. Common types include the LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of subjects), ID50 (infectious dose for 50%), and PD50 (paralytic dose for 50%). ED50 is calculated using dose-response data from a biological assay involving multiple dose levels administered to test subjects. The results are then analyzed graphically or mathematically to determine the dose that elicits the intended effect in half of the subjects.

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232 views7 pages

LD50 Graph Method

The median effective dose or ED50 is a measure used in biological sciences to quantify the potency of substances like drugs, hormones, and microorganisms. It refers to the dose that produces a specified effect in 50% of test subjects. Common types include the LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of subjects), ID50 (infectious dose for 50%), and PD50 (paralytic dose for 50%). ED50 is calculated using dose-response data from a biological assay involving multiple dose levels administered to test subjects. The results are then analyzed graphically or mathematically to determine the dose that elicits the intended effect in half of the subjects.

Uploaded by

M.anwar Khan
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EFFECTIVE DOSE 50

• Median Effective dose (ED50) is widely used in biological sciences e.g. assay
for the measurement of responses in living organisms to drugs, vitamins,
hormones, micro-organisms.
• Specific terms:
• LD50 : 50% Lethal dose i.e., the dose which kills 50% of the experimental animals
• ID50 : 50% Infectious dose i.e., the dose which infects 50% of the experimental
animals
• TCID50 : 50% Tissue culture infectious dose is the measure of infectious virus titer.
This endpoint dilution assay quantifies the amount of virus required to kill 50% of
infected hosts or to produce a cytopathic effect in 50% of inoculated tissue culture
cells.
• PD50 : It is the dose that paralyses 50% of the experimental animals
• TD50 : The toxic dose in 50% of the population
These doses are widely calculated in Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Industries.
Methods of Calculation

• A biological assay is designed which consists of 3-7 doses of the test


item. These doses are selected on the basis of previous studies. Then
the median dose is calculated and that is referred to ED50.
• Dose: Doses can be in TWO forms;
• Geometric progression: 2n – 2 (21), 4 (22), 8 (23), 16 (24), 32 (25), 64 (26)
3n - 3 (31), 9 (32), 27 (33), 81 (34), 243 (35), 729 (36)
• Serial dilutions: 10 fold- 1:10 (10-1), 1:100 (10-2), 1:1000 (10-3), ….
2 fold- 1:2 (2-1), 1:4 (2-2), 1:8 (2-3), ….
Methods for Calculation

There are two methods:


• Graphical Method (used for doses in geometric progression)
Ungrouped data
• Arithmetic Estimate -
Grouped data (tolerance distribution)
Graphical Method
• Mortality and survival rates are plotted against logarithms of doses.
• Steps:
1. Logarithms of doses are determined and taken on x-axis.
2. Calculate the cumulative survival rate (Sg) and cumulative mortality rate
(Ds).
a) Sg= No. of animals survived at this and greater dose
b) Ds= No. of animals died at this and smaller dose
3. Ds and Sg are plotted on the same graph paper on y-axis against the log of
the doses.
4. The curve of Sg and Ds will cross the dosage value at which number of
animals dying at this and smaller dose will be equal to the number of
animals surviving at this and larger dose. This point of intersection of the
two curves gives the LD50 value on the x-axis.
Example:
Dose unit No. of animals Sg Ds Log of
(mg) survived died doses
Chart Title
2 9 1 18+9=27 1 0.30103
30

25 4 7 3 1+4+6+7 1+3=4 0.60206


20 =18
15 8 6 4 1+4+6=11 4+4=8 0.90309
10
16 4 6 1+4=5 8+6=14 1.20413
5

0 32 1 9 1 14+9=23 1.50515
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

Sg Ds Suppose,
At the point of intersect the log value on x-axis is 0.97836
So LD50 will be the antilog of this value
LD50 =antilog (0.97836)
LD50 =9.51391
Graphical method

• Advantage:
• No calculations are required.

• Disadvantages:
• Since the dose values are plotted on log scale, reading of LD50 from the graph
at the point of intersect is difficult.

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