HOR 212 - Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, MAP and Landscaping (1+1)

Crop Origin & Importance & Varieties Soil & Climate Propagation Manuring Weed Irrigation Pest & Harvest &
Distribution Uses Control Disease Yield
Asia Cut flower, Garden Hybrid tea, Loamy soil. 1.Cuttings: FYM: Mulching 2-4 Flood Pest: 1st Year onwards:
display, Pot plants. Floribunda, 15-2-cm length & 10 kg/pant inches . irrigation Aphids, Flowering start
Distribution: Polyantha, pH: 6.0-7.5 3-4 nodes. Red scale,
France, Colour making, Miniature, Treated: NPK: 2,4-D@ 10 days Chaffer 2nd -10th year:
Cyprus, India. Cosmetic industry, Climbers. Depth : 50 cm IAA, IBA 100ppm 6:6:12 g/plant 2kg/600L H2O interval beetles. Economic yield.
Perfume industry, Bed: (Edward,
Himalayan, Medicinal, (1-1.5 m W& 2.Buddings: Redrose) Intercultural Disease: Handling:
U.P,Rajastan Bedding purpose, 30-40 m L) “T ”Budding 8:8:16 g/plant Operatins: Dieback, 2-40C for 5-6 hrs
T.N. Loose flower. Pit: (Polyanthas/ Pruning: Black spot, 40-110 cm –Stalk
(20-30 cm W & Spacing: HT/ FB) (Oct-Dec) Powdery 20 per bunch.
(Rosa hybrida)

Products: 30 cm D) Cut flower: 45 days before mildew.

Rosaceae

Perfume, Rose oil, 60x30cm. M.Nutrients: flowering. Yield:

Rose

Rose water, Temperature: Oil extraction: MnSO4-20 g+ Loose flowers:

Gulkand, Pankhuri, Day: 20-250C 2.5x0.5 m. MgSO4-15 g+ Rejuvenation: 7.5 t/ha
Gul-roghan, Jams, Night:15-180C Vigorously: FeSO4-10 g+ 5-6 year plant. Cut flowers:
Rose petal wine, 60x75cm / Boron-5g/ Cut 15-2- cm 1st year: 100-120
Pot- pourri, Light: < 12 hrs 75x75cm. 1 L H 2O . from the base. flowers/m2
nd
Rose vinegar, Polyanthas: 45 cm Apply: 2 year: 200-240
conserves, Jellies. Season: Miniatures: 30 cm PGR: Bordeaux. flowers/m2
rd
Plains:Sep-Oct Climbing: 3 m GA 3@250 3 year:300-360
Sources: Hills: Oct-Nov ppm, Pinching: flowers/m2
Ascorbic acid Feb-Mar CCC@3% Remove shoot
(150 mg/100 g ) 40 DAT. Post harvest:
Extraction of oil.

Single , Double & Dalma, Temperature: Suckers. FYM: Drip Flowering start :
Semi-Double Goliath, Day: 22-250C 7-8 kg/m2 irrigation. 3 months after
cultivers Savannah, Night:12-160C Growing media: planting.
(Transvaal daisy)

Amulet, Cocopeat+Sawdust NPK: Require:

Thallasa, Humidity: 60% + Sand (1:1:1) (12:32:16) 500-700 Yield:
Asteraceae
Gerbera

Tara, 250 g/m2 ml/day/plant 250-270

Sangria, Bed: Spacing: 4.5-6.0 L/m2 flowers/m2/year.
Sunset (25-30 cm H, 30x30(or)
Ornello, 1 mW ) 30x40 cm Stalk: 2-3 cm.
Pink elegance, (6-9 plants/m2)
Twiggy, Season:
Paganini January-March
June-August
 Mexico Artistic gardens, Single : Light sandy & Bulbs FYM: Manual Summer: Pest: Flowering start :
Floral ornaments, Kalyani single Clay (1.5-2.5 cm Dia) 10 kg/m2 weeding at Weekly Aphids, 80-100 DAP
16th Century: Bouquets & Button Shringar, Monthly interval Thrips, July onwards
India,Europe holes, Decoration, Prajwal, Rajat pH: 6.5-7.5 Spacing: N: 15 g/sq m interval. Weevil,
Ferfumes & Rekha, 30x20 cm (or) P: 80 g/sq m Winter: Bud borer, Bulb maturity:
Distribution: Cosmetic products. Hydrabat & Light: 16 hrs 20x20 cm K: 80 g/sq m Atrazine@ 10 days Nematode, (Feb-Mar)-N.I
France,USA, Beverage, Culcutta 1.0-1.5 kg/ha interval >1.5 cm Diameter
South Africa. Chocolate prepare. single Temperature: Bulb rate: PGR: in1000 L Disease:
(Polianthes tuberosa L.)

16-300C 40000-50000/acre. GA3, water. Stem rot, Curing:

KA,AP,T.N, Lycorine-vomiting, Doube: 1.25-1.5 lakh/ha Etherel, Flower bud 27-350C
Amaryllidaceae

W.B,Mahara... Gonorrhoea, Kalyani, MSL: (800-9-- kg). Thiourea. rot, Treat:

Tuberose

Pimples. Hydrabat & 1200-1500m Leaf 0.2% Bavistin,

Culcutta Seed treatment: blight, Mancozeb
Holding of solution: double, Season: Bavistin (0.2%) for Botrytis powder.
Sucrose(2%)+ Swarna Plains: Mar-Apr 30 mins. blight,
Al2(SO4)3 300 ppm Rekha, Hills: Apr-May Thiourea (4%), Alternaria Yield:
Suvasini, leaf spot. 10.5 t/ha (Loose)
Vaibhav Pre-plant storage: 20 t/ha (2-3 years)
100C for 30 days 4-5 lakhs of spike/
Semi-Double: year(Single
variety)
Variegated:
Rajat & Post harvest:
Swarna Rekha Extraction of oil.

Europe & Asia Arka Swarna, Loamy soil Suckers: FYM: 2-3 hand Field: Flowering start :
Birbal Sahni, 1,11,000 sucker /ha 5 kg/m2 weedings. Canel 3-4 months after
(Dendranthema grandiflora)

Distribution: Kirti, Y2K, pH: 6.5 (15 cent-previous) 8-10 t/acre transplanting.
Netharland, Shanti, Appu, Dip: 1st weeding- Pot:
Chrysanthemum

Italy, Arka ganga, Temperature: 1g Emisan/1 L H2O NPK: 1 month after Manual Stalk-10cm
Colombia, Sadbhavana, 15.6 0C N: 50 kg/acre planting bucket
Asteraceae

USA, Spain. Bindiya, CO1, Cuttings: P:160 kg/acre system. Yield:

CO, MDU 1, Humidity: 5-7 cm (Length) K:80 kg/acre Herbicide July-February
T.N,KA,Mah.. Pankaj. 70-90% Dip: IBA 2500 ppm apply 15 times
PGR: 9-10 t/acres
Season: Micro- GA3@50 ppm (loose flowers)
Aug(e)-Sep(b) propagation
July(end) Post harvest:
Spacing: Bamboo (1-7 kg)
30x30 cm Gunny (30 kg)
 Internationa Cut/ Loose flower, Ajay, Photoperiod: Rooted cutting NPK: 8-9 Liter Pest: Post harvest:
l market: Land scaping, Sonalika, Vegetative: 20:20:10 g/m2 /sq.m/day Aphids, Pulsing:
Netharland, Dry flower, Ravi kiran, 13 hrs light & Spacing: Mites, Sucrose 4% for 24
Greeting cards, Akash, 11 hrs dark(Long) 20x15 cm PGR: Thrips, hrs
Cut Chrysanthemum

Germany,
Garlands, Bouquet. Yellow start, Alar 50-150 Leaf (Vase life 18 days
USA, Japan,
(D.grandiflora Tzeuleu)

Chandrakand, Flowering: Plants: g/100 L H2O miners, Control:8.5 days)

France,Italy, Storage: Red gold, 10 hrs light & 30 plants/m2 Leaf Holding solution:
Denmark, 0.50C at 6-8 weeks Indira, 14 hrs dark(Short) B9@8-25 ml/ folder, BA 10 ppm+
Asteraceae

Belgium, Rakhee. 1 L H 2O Bavistin 0.1%+

United Disease: Sucrose 2%
kingdom. *Pinching Root rot, (Vase life 17 days
Disbudding, Yield: Leaf spot, Control:8.5 days)
Blindness, 270 sprays/m2 Wilt, Rust, Wrapping
De-shooting, Powdery material:
Staking of plants, mildew, 50 gauge
Desuckering.* Stunt, (Polysleeves)
Mosaic. (Shelf life: 9.25
days, Control:
6.25 days)
Central & Ornamental crop, African Fertile & Sandy Seeds: FYM: Sandy loam: 3-4 manual Pest: Harvest:
South Cut/ Loose flower, (T.erecta): loam Seed rate: 50 t/ha (Sep-Mar) weeding. Red spider Plucking at cool
America Bedding purpose, Doubloon, 1.0 kg/ha Week interval mite, hrs of a day.
Medicinal, Clomax, pH: 7.0-7.5 Cutting: NPK: Chemicals Hairy
Cosmetic industry, Crackerjack. 6-10 cm 400:200:60 Summer: also used. caterpillar. Yield:
(Tagetes spp)
Asteraceae

Distribution:
Marigold

Decoration,Garland French Temperature: (Treat- IAA &IBA) Transplant: (Apr-June) 1.5-2.5 (to) 6-8
Spain,Europe
Perfume industry, (T.patula): Mild Spacing: July,Aug 4-5 days Disease: million flowers/ha
Poultry feed. Velancia, 14.50C-28.60C 40x30 cm(America) Feb-Mar interval. Damping French: 8-12 t/ha
T.N,KA,W.B Succana. 20x20 cm(French) 7-10 cm off, African:11-18 t/ha
A.P, Maha… Ear ache, Piles, 20x10 cm(H.Yield) 3-4 leaves Pinching: Collar rot,
Carbuncles, Blood (T.tunuifolia) 40 DAT Flower bud Post harvest:
purification, Ulcer, Golden gum, rot, Extraction of oil
Eye disease. Lulu, Pumila, Powdery
Ursula. mildew.
Ayurvedic,Unanai, Isabgol- 1, Sandy loam & Seed rate : N: 50 kg/ha 1st weeding Disease: Harvest:
Allopathic. Gujarat Loamy soil. 4-6 kg/ha P: 25kg/ha @ 20-25 Downy 110-130 DAS
(Plantago ovate Forsk)

Isabgol-1. DAS. mildew

Plantaginaceae

Distribution: Xylose, Arabinose, pH: 7.0-8.0 Pre treatment: (Peronospora Hush:Seed(75:25)

Isubgol

USA,Germany Galacturonic acids. Thiram@3g/kg 2-3 weeding. Plantaginia)

UK, France. Season: Yield:
Nov –Dec (to) Bed: 800-900 kg/ha
Gujarat, Bihar, Mar-Apr 1.0m x 3.0m /2.5m 1000 kg/ha
Hariyana, Germination:
Rajastan. 6-7 DAS
 India Garlands, Veni, 1.Mullai :\ Sandy loam , J.auriculatum: NPK: Flooding once Manual- Pest: Economic yield:
China Bouquets, Attar, J.auriculatum Clay loam. Semi hardwood 1.Mullai: in a week . Expensive. Bud worm, Start at 3rd year
Hair oil, Soap, (CO-1, CO-2, cuttings. 60:120:120 Red Spider upto 12-15 years.
Distribution: Tea (china), Parimullai) Temperature: J.grandiflorm: (g/plant) Flooding once Mulching Mite, Time:
India,China, Cosmetic, Medicine (45-550F) Terminal cuttings. 2.Jathimalli: in 10 Days Blossom After 11 a.m.
Maleysia 2.Jathimalli: (7-130c) J.sambac: 100:150:100 interval. Oryzalin-1 midge. Yield:
Veni, Gajra, Loose J.grandiflorm Terminal, Semi (g/plant) Oryzalin-2 1.Mullai:
(Jasminum spp.)

Mumbai,Bihar flower, Flower (CO-1, CO-2) Rooting media: hardwood cuttings. 3.Gundumalli Pruning: Disease: 4733-9152 kg/ha
Orissa, arranement. Sand:Vermiculite: Spacing: 60:120:120 Period: Foliar: Leaf blight (0.28-0.36%)
Oleaceae
Jasmine

Himalayan Post harvest: 3.Gundumalli: Moss 1.Mullai: (g/plant) 1.Mullai: Zinc- 0.25% Wilt, 2.Jathimalli:
(Longetivity of J.sambac (1:1:1) 1.5 x1.5 m PGR: 4th week-Jan Mg-0.5% Yellowing 739-8129 kg/ha
flowers) (Khoya) (4400 plants /ha) Basal cut: 2.Jathimalli: FeSO4 – of leaves, (0.14-0.19%)
Boric acid- 0.5% Season: 2.Jathimalli: IAA &IBA 4th week-Dec 5 g/L Root rot, 3.Gundumalli:
Sucrose- 1% 4.Kakada: Monsoon 2.0 x 1.5 m @1000 ppm 3.Gundumalli Nematode, 4329-10144 kg/ha
Aluminium J.pubescens (3350 plants/ ha) Terminal cut: 4th week- Nov (0.25-0.32%)
sulphate- 0.1% Pit: 3.Gundumalli: IAA &IBA Extraction of oil:
Silver nitrate- 45 cm3 1.25 x 1.25 m @2500 ppm Height: 1.Solvent
0.01% (6400 plants/ha) 45-50 cm from treatment
(Fresh up to 72 hrs) ground level. 2.Evaporation

Distribution: Phenols, Tannina, Sri Tulasi Thrives on a Seed FYM: Summer: 1st weeding- Pest: 1st Harvest:
(Ocimum sanctum Lin)

India , Aldehydes, Fats, (Green type) variety of soil. Nursery: 15 t/ha 3-4 /month 1 month Leaf roller 90-95 DAP
Andaman Saponin. Eugenol, 15’ x 4’x9’ after plant.
Nicobar. Terpeneurobsolic Krishna Tulasi MSL: 900 m 200-300 g seeds/1h NPK: 12-15 /year 2nd weeding- Disease: Interval:
Labiatae
Ocimum

acid. (Purple type) Depth-2cm 120:60:0 4 weeks Powdery 65-75 days

Ascorbic acid: Season: Spray: Urea-2% Intercultural: after 1st mildew,
(82 mg/100 g) Anticancer, Anti- Nursery: Feb Transplanting: M.Nutrients: Hoeing weeding. Seeding Yield: 5t/ha
Carotene: staphlocoagulase. Transplant: Apr 40 x 40 /50 cm Co-50 ppm (2 MAP) blight,
(2.5 mg/100 g) Antipyratic,Anti- 50 x 30 cm Mn- 100 ppm Earthed- up Root rot.
Periodic. 15-20DAS (4-5 LS)

Old worl,d Source-Drug aloe A.barbadensis, Sandy coastal Root suckers FYM: 4-5 irrigations Twice in a Disease: Harvest:
Africa, A.ferox, Loamy . Rhizome cuttings. 25 t/ha per year. year. Leaf spot 8 – MAP
Island,Spain. C- Glucosides, A.perryi, (15-18 cm length)
(Alloe spp)

Aloin(4.5-25%) A.africana, pH: 8.5 NPK: Commercial

Aloe vera

Liaceae

Distribution: Achromone, A.spicata Spacing: 150:150:150 yield:

Mediterranean Glucomannan, Rainfall: 60 x 30 cm 2nd year up to 5
, West indies, 150-200 cm 60 x 45 cm Gypsum: years
India,China, Sunscreen, X-ray, 35-40 cm 120 kg/ ha
Burns, Dermatitis, Yield:
Cosmatic products, 10000-12000
Candy, Beverage. kg/ha
 Madagascar Abortifient, Sandy loam, FYM: 4-5 irrigations 1st weeding Pest: Harvest:
Purgative, Diuretic, Loam soil. 10-15 t/ha at 60 DAS Hawk Root:
Distribution: Antidiabetic, moth 12 MAS
India, Israel, Hemorrhagic, MSL: 1300 m NPK: 2nd weeding 7.5 cm (above
(Catharanthus roseus)

Indonesia, Antimalarial, 25:50:75 at 120 DAS Disease: ground level)

USA,S.Africa, Antidysentric, Skin Rainfall: 100 cm Dieback,
Apocynaceae
Periwinkle

Philippains, disease. Mulching Top rot, Yield:

China. Cancer, Therapy. Twig Irrigated:
Pre emerge: blight, Leaves: 4 t/ha
T.N, KA, AP, Alkaloid: Sinhar Leaf spot. Stem: 1.5 t/ha
M.P, Assam, 0.15-1.34% 4-5 kg/ha Root: 1.5 t/ha
Gujarat. Vinblastine: Rainfed:
0.002% 2,4-D & Leaves: 2 t/ha
Vincristine: Grammaxon Stem: 0.75 t/ha
0.005% 25 kg/ha Root : 0.75 t/ha

Jersey Gem, Sandy soil. Spacing: N:20-40 lbs/ac Any post Pest: *Digging*
UC157F1, 1.5-2 inches(P/P) P: 100 lbs/acre emergence Asparagus
Asparagus crown

Mary pH: 6.5 15-24 inches(R/R) K: 50 lbs/acre herbicide beetle Storage M.C:
(A. officinalis)
Asparagaceae

Washinton, apply. 400F

Jersey Giant. Nursery: Seed rate: Seed
1 Ounce: 6-9 seedling/ft treatment: Grading:
1000(seeds) 8-20 lbs/acre Dip seed at Dia-1.5 inch
G.Rate: 85% 1:4 bleach 15 1 year old
Depth:1-1.5 inches. minutes. Weight:0.1 lbs

South Africa Cosmetic, Perfume, Species: Porous soil, Cuttings Seed FYM: Alternate Pest: Harvest:
Soap. P.radula, Red laterite soil. Terminal cutting treatment: 10 t/ha days for 10- Wilt, 4 months after
Distribution: P.fragrance. (20 cm – 8 nodes) IBA /IAA @ 15 days. Leaf blight transplanting.
India,S.Africa, Geranial, pH: 5.5-8.0 200 ppm NPK: Collar rot,
(Pelargonium graveolens)

Belgium, Citronellol. Varieties: Raised bed: Benlate: 0.1% 35:35:35 Twice in a Root rot. 3 harvest @ 3-6
China, Congo, KKL-1, Sel-8, MSL: 3 m –L & 1 m- W Urea: 0.2% week. years.
Geraniaceae

Egypt, France, Algernia, 1000-2200 m Zn: 20 kg/ha

Geranium

Morocco, Kunti, Bipuli, Spacing: B : 10 kg/ha Summer: Yield:

Reunion, Hemanti, Temperature: 60 x 60 cm Co: 20 kg/ha 7-10 days Oil: 15 kg
USSR,Spain, Bourbon. 5-230C 25000 plants/ha Mo: 30 kg/ha interval. Oil recovery:
Island, Irrigated(≤430C) 0.08-0.15 %
Rooting percentage
Rainfall: 80% *Oil Distillation*
100-150 cm (without any treat)

Seed rate:
30000 cuttings/ha
 NE regions Citronella oil, Jor lab C-2, Sandy loam soil, Slips FYM: 10-15 days Pre Pest: Harvest:
(Cymbopogon winterianu) Jorhat, Heavy clay soil (25-30 cm H) 25-30 t/ha interval. emergence: Mites, 1st year-3 cut
Jalpallavi. Season: Semazine- Stem borer Time:
*Distillation oil * pH: 5.0-7.0 May-June NPK: Interculture: 1.25 kg Termites, Before 12o clock
1st hour: 80% Mar-Apr(Irrigated) 200:80:75 Mulching Diuron- 5 MAP – 1st Cut
Citronella

Poaceae

2nd hour: 19% Humidity: 70% Spacing: 3 t/ha 1.25 kg in Disease: 3 MA 1st Cut- 2nd
3rd hour: 1% Plain: 45 x 45 cm Ferous 1250-1500 L Leaf 5-6 cuts/year
Temperature: Sloppy: 60 x 45 cm sulphate @ H2O blight, 2 months interval.
200C-380C Closer: 45 x 22.5cm 0.25 % Yield:
Depth: 5-8 cm Oxyflorofen- 20-30 t/ha (herb)
Rainfall: Slip rate: 625 g. Oil yield:200-300
2000-3000 m 40000 slips/ha kg/ha/year

East Indian Source : C.K.P-25, Sandy loam Slips FYM: 10 days One hand Pest: 1st harvest-
Lemongrass Lemongrass oil, Krishna, (25-30 cm L) 10 t/ha interval. weeding @ Scale 4 month age
Vitamine-A, Nima, Rainfall: 25-30 DAP insects, Subsequence-
Natural citral, Jor Lab L-2. 1800-3000 mm Spacing: NPK: Interculture: 2-3 months
(Cymbopogon flexuosus)

Plains: 45 x 45 cm 150:60:60 Mulching One hoeing Disease: interval.

*Cod liver oil* Sloppy: 60 x 45 cm 3 t/ha @40-60 Leaf blight
Lemon grass

DAP 1st year-3cutts.

Poaceae

*Spent grass* Slip rate: Subsequence-

45000-50000/ ha 5 cuts/year
Distillation Oil: Time:
70-90% citral Planting: Sloppy-75 days
May-June Plains-60 days
*Harvest*
*Yield*
*Distillation*

*Rusa, Rusha, IW 31244, Poor Sandy soil Seed rate: NPK: Harvest:
1st harvest-
(Cymbopogon martini var.motia)

Rosha* RRL. High fertile soil. 2.5 kg/ha 60:40:40

RRL(B)-77, 6 months after
Preferred to ginger RRL(B)-71. Rainfall: Sowing season: M.Nutrient: transplanting.
Palmarosa grass

oil. TRISHNA 75-150 cm Apr-Sep ZnSO4 @

Graminae

Soap, Tobacco 25 kg/ha Yield:

production. Transplanting: 15-20 t/ha (herb)
Perfume May/June
15 cm height Oil yield:
*Distillation* 50-60 kg/ha/year
Spacing: Start at 5th year.
45 x 30 cm
45 x 15 cm Maintanace:
8-10 years
 North india. Soap, Cosmetic, KS1- Loamy soil Tillers, Slips FYM: Interculture: Pre Pest: Harvesting:
Perfume , Drinks, (Bharatpur) Sandy soil. 10-12 t/acre Earthing up, emergence: Black scale 15-18 months
Distribution: Agarbathis, Masala, Gulabi, Kesar, Planting: Shooting cut Atrazine @ insects
Haiti,Reunion, Cooling property Dharaini. Nursery: Apr-Aug NPK: 0.5 kg/ha Yield:
(Vetiveria zizanioides)

Indonesia, FYM: 20-25 t/ha 100:40:40 Root: 30-45 q/ha

Flavour: 20-50% Urea: 60 kg/ha Spacing: 45x 30cm Oil: 12-20 kg/ha
Poaceae
Vetiver

Rajastan, KA, Fragrance: 60-70% DAP: 75 kg/ha Basal: Oil recovery

U.P, KL,AP, Oil production: Spacing:30x30cm Slip rate: Urea- 90 kg (0.4%)
TN. World: 300 t/annum Area: 75000 slips /ha. SSP- 250 kg
India:20-25t/annum 300-400 sq.m for MOP- 67kg *Distillation*
1 ha (6 months) Top dress:
Nervous system, (4 months *Digging,
Tension, Stress, Inter cropping: after planting) Washing/
Insomnia, Muscles, Pulses Urea- 45 kg Cleaning,
Circulatory system, 2nd year: Drying*
Skin care. Urea- 87 kg