MATH 1F
MODULE 5: Measures of Central Tendency
Ungrouped Data
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COURSE MATH 1 F: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
DEVELOPER AND MARIANNE A. MENDOZA
THEIR
BACKGROUND
COURSE The course deals with nature of mathematics, appreciation of its practical, intellectual, and aesthetic
DESCRIPTION dimensions, and appreciation of mathematical tools in daily life.
The course then proceeds to survey ways in which mathematics provides a tool for understanding
and dealing with various aspects of present day living, such as managing personal finances, making
social choices, appreciating geometric designs, understanding codes used in data transmission and
security, and dividing limited resources fairly. These aspects will provide opportunities for actually
doing mathematics in a broad range of exercises that bring out the various dimensions of
mathematics as a way of knowing, and test the students’ understanding and capacity. (CMO No. 20,
series of 2013)
COURSE OUTLINE I. Simple Interest, Bank Discount and Promissory Note
II. Compound Interest
III. Introduction and Basic Concept of Statistics
IV. Frequency Distribution
V. Measures of Central Tendency-Ungrouped Data
VI. Measures of Central Tendency-Grouped Data
VII. Measures of Variability-Ungrouped Data
VIII. Measures of Variability-Grouped Data
CHAPTER # V.
TITLE Measures of Central Tendency – Ungrouped Data
RATIONALE This module is about the descriptive measures called measures of central tendency also called
measures of location. This module provides a comprehensive discussion of Measures of Central
Tendency-ungrouped data.
INSTRUCTION TO This module should be completed within 1 week.
THE USERS If you set an average of 1.5 hours per meeting, you should be able to complete the module
comfortably by the end of the assigned week.
Try to do all the learning activities in this module . If you do not get a particular exercise right in the
first attempt, you should not get discouraged but instead, go back and attempt it again. If you still do
not get it right after several attempts then you should seek help from your friend, tutor or professor.
LEARNING After going through this module, you are expected to:
OBJECTIVES Recognize and differentiate between the different types of measures of central tendency.
Understand the need for summarizing a set of data by one single number.
Compute for measures of Central Tendency
Draw meaningful conclusions from a set of data
Develop an understanding of which type of average would be the most useful in a particular
situation.
CONTENT
A. PREPARATORY The learners should have a good background on the following concepts
ACTIVITIES
A. 1. whole numbers, decimals, fractions, and percent
B. 2. Rules in manipulating equations and formulas.
C. 3. Fluency in calculator use is required.
D.
E.
Measures of Central Tendency – Ungrouped Data
The Measures of Central Tendency of a given set of data is the value around which the whole set of
data tend to cluster. It is represented by a single number which summarizes and describes the whole
set.
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UNGROUPED DATA – refer to data not organized into frequency distribution
1. THE ARITHMETIC MEAN ( X ¿
– maybe defined as an arithmetic average
It is the sum of the observed values divided by the number of observations.
FORMULA:
n
Σ Xi
i =1
X=
n
where:
X (read as bar X) = Sample Mean
n = total number of items in the sample
Xi = the ith observed value
a. UNWEIGHTED or SIMPLE MEAN
Example.
o o o o
1. The high temperatures for a 7-day week during December in Chicago were 29 , 31 , 28 , 32 ,
o o o
29 , 27 , and 55 . Find the mean high temperature for the week.
Solution:
n
Σ Xi
i=1
X=
n
29+ 31+ 28+32+29+27+55
X= = 330
7
2. The heights of players on Central High School’s basketball team are 72”, 74”, 70”, 78”, 75”, and
70”. Find the mean height.
Solution:
n
Σ Xi
i=1
X=
n
72+74 +70+78+75+70
X= = 44.5
6
b. WEIGHTED MEAN
FORMULA:
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n
Σ Xi Wi
i=1
X=
∑ Wi
where:
X = mean
Wi = weight of each item
Xi = value of each item
Example.
1. Find the weighted mean if 500 bags were sold at P250 each; 350 bags at P200 each; 200 bags at
P150 each; 150 bags at P100 each; and 50 bags at P80.
Solution:
n
Σ Xi Wi
i=1
X=
∑ Wi
(500 x P 250 ) + ( 350 x P 200 ) + ( 200 x P 150 ) + ( 150 x P 100 ) +(50 x P 80)
X=
1,250
X =195.20
2. MEDIAN ( Me )
- is the midpoint of the distribution.
It is the middle value in an ordered distribution.
Example.
1. Find the median of the following set of observations.
8, 4, 1, 3, and 9
Solution.
To get the median, arrange first the data from lowest value to highest value or vice-versa
1, 3, 4, 8, 9
Me = 4
2. Find the median of the following:
10, 8, 4, 7, 9, 5
Solution:
To get the median, arrange first the data from lowest value to highest value or vice-versa
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4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10
Since the distribution is an even number, the median is the average of the two middle values.
7+8
Me = =7.5
2
3. MODE ( Mo )
- the value that appears with the highest frequency
The value that appears most often.
Example.
1. Find the mode of the following distribution.
3, 4, 1, 4, 3, 4, 5, 1, 4
Solution.
Mo = 4
2. Find the mode of the following distribution.
2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 5, 1, 7, 6, 2, 8, 1
Solution: Mo = 1 and 2
3. Find the mode of the following distribution.
12, 25, 10, 9, 15, 21, 11
Solution: There is no mode.
4. QUANTILES
Quantiles are values that divide the distribution into a given number of equal parts.
a. QUARTILES – values that divide the distribution into 4 equal parts
The quartiles are Q1 (first quartile) which is 25% or less of the given
distribution, Q2 (second quartile) which is 50% or less of the given distribution, and Q3
(third quartile) which is 75% or less of the given distribution.
b. DECILES – values that divide the distribution into 10 equal parts
The deciles are D1, D2, D3, …, D10.
c. PERCENTILES - values that divide the distribution into 100 equal parts
The percentiles are P1, P2, P3, …, P100.
HOW TO SOLVE FOR ANY QUANTILES:
Steps:
1. Arrange the data according to magnitude or size.
2. Compute the position of the given quantile in the distribution using the formula:
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D(n+1) P (n+1)
P= (Decile) P= (Percentile)
10 100
where:
P = position
P/D = desired percentage
n = number of items
3. Locate the data corresponding to the obtained position in the distribution. Always start from the
lowest data.
4. If the obtained position is not exact, interpolate if necessary.
Example.
1. Find the 20th percentile of P of the following scores:
40, 25, 42, 32, 36, 37, 28, 26, 45
Solution:
1. First arrange the scores from lowest to highest.
25 26 28 32 36 37 40 42 45
2. Locate the position of the score corresponding to the 20th percentile using the formula
P (n+1)
P=
100
20(9+1)
P= = 2 ------2nd score
100
3. Locate the 2nd score from the lowest. The answer is 26, therefore, P20 = 26. This means that most
of the cases scored below 26.
2. Find the 5th decile of the following scores:
65, 38, 45, 81, 25, 19
Solution:
1. Arrange the scores from lowest to highest: 19 25 38 45 65 81
D(n+1) 5(6+1)
2. Locate the position P = = = 3.5
10 10
Since 3.5 is not an exact number, we have to interpolate:
a. Get the difference between the 3rd and 4th scores from the arranged distribution. Since
3.5 is between the 3rd - (38) and 4th - (45 ) scores: 45 – 38 = 7
b. Multiply the difference obtained by the decimal obtained in step 2, that is
7 x .5 = 3.5
c. Add this product to the lower score (38) to obtain D5
therefore, D5 = 38 + 3.5 = 41.5
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This means that 50% of the scores lie below 41.5.
DEVELOPMENTAL Solve the following problems.
ACTIVITIES
The following distribution are the scores obtained by 15 contestants in the Math Quizbee.
60 75 85 90 98
80 75 75 95 90
75 90 98 65 75
Find: a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Quartile 1
e. Percentile 60
CLOSURE ACTIVTIES Watch the following videos to increase your understanding of the topic.
https://youtu.be/_dE1zDbFAbQ
https://youtu.be/zjHfAhcU6kE
https://youtu.be/AdH5vfobH5E
SYNTHESIS / The Measures of Central Tendency of a given set of data is the value around which the whole set of
GENERALIZATION data tend to cluster. It is represented by a single number which summarizes and describes the whole
set. The most common measures that are always used are the mean, median and mode.
EVALUATION Solve the following problems.
1. Determine the mean, median, mode, quartile 3, decile 8 and percentile 70 given the data below:
85, 90, 60, 84, 65, 60, 86, 83, 76
2. A student got the following final grades in five major subjects with number of units indicated.
Subject Grade Number of Units
Accounting 2.50 6
Math 1F 2.00 3
Contemporary Arts 1.75 3
Social Science 1.25 3
Rizal 1.50 3
a. Get her weighted mean grade.
b. What would be his average if all subjects were of equal number of units?
c. Explain the difference between the obtained values.
ASSIGNMENT / Answer the online worksheet
AGREEMENT
http://www.beaconlearningcenter.com/documents/1652_01.pdf
REFERENCES Gurero de Leon, Cynthia R; Garcia, George; Pagoso, Cristobal M. c1987. Fundamentals of Statistics
for College Students: Sinag-Tala Publishers
Mercado Del Rosario, Asuncion C. c2011. Business Statistics: Del Ros Publishing House Malate,
Manila
Sta. Maria, Antonina. 1988. General statistics : Text / Workbook: National Bookstore Manila
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Nocon, Ferdinand P; Torrecampo, Joel T; Balacua, Ma. Magdalena P; Daguia, Wilfredo B. c2004.
General Statistics Made Simple For Filipinos: National Bookstore Mandaluyong City
Bowerman, Bruce L.; O’Conell, Richard T., et. al. 2012. Essentials of Business Statistics 4th Edition:
McGraw-Hill
Muhammad El-Taha. 1997. Introduction to Business Statistics I: University of Southern Maine, USA
https://www.emathzone.com/tutorials/basic-statistics/frequency-
distribution.html#ixzz6Yqa8kmta
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