Senior High School
General Biology 1
Module 10:
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
LU_General Biology 1_Module10
AIRs - LM
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
Module 10: Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Second Edition, 2021
Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written
permission from the copyright owners.
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Author: Diana Rose D. Baldoza
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Senior High School
General Biology 1
Module 10:
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
LU_General Biology 1_Module10
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in
each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.
Thank you.
LU_General Biology 1_Module10
Target
In order to perform the vital life processes, all cells need energy to form
chemical bonds during the synthesis of new parts as well as to activate reactions
that break bonds to convert complex molecules to simple ones.
Autotrophs like green plants and other chlorophyll-bearing organisms such
as algae and certain bacteria produce their own food through the process of
photosynthesis. However, animals and other heterotrophic organisms depend,
directly or indirectly on plants and other photosynthetic organisms for food. The
question is how respiration lets organisms to gain energy from food? Let us find out
in this lesson.
This module contains significant activities in which you will be able to
differentiate aerobic from anaerobic respiration.
After accomplishing this module, you are expected to:
1. Differentiate aerobic from anaerobic respiration (STEM_BIO11/12-
IIa-j-6)
2. Explain the major features and sequence the chemical events of
cellular respiration (STEM_BIO11/12-IIa-j-7)
And specifically with the following objectives:
1. Compare and contrast aerobic respiration from anaerobic
respiration
2. Discuss how respiration allows organisms to obtain energy from
3. food
4. Give the importance of cellular respiration
Before we begin, test your knowledge on the next page.
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PRETEST
Directions: Read each questions carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What are the products of aerobic respiration?
A. Carbon dioxide and water C. Glucose and oxygen
B. Carbon monoxide D. Lactic acid
2. In an anaerobic respiration, what could be the end product?
A. Carbon dioxide and water C. Glucose and oxygen
B. Carbon monoxide D. Lactic acid
3. What type of respiration requires oxygen?
A. Aerobic C. Anaerobic
B. Aerophobic D. Anaerobiotic
4. Which of the following parts of a cell does aerobic respiration take place?
A. Cell membrane C. Mitochondria
B. Cytoplasm D. Nucleus
5. Which organ excretes carbon dioxide?
A. Heart C. Liver
B. Kidney D. Lungs
6. Which organ breaks down lactic acid?
A. Bladder C. Pancreas
B. Liver D. Stomach
7. What is the molecule produce within the mitochondria when they respire
glucose?
A. ADP C. DNA
B. ATP D. RNA
8. What is the waste energy given off from respiration?
A. Heat C. Kinetic
B. Light D. Sound
9. What happens to your breathing rate when you exercise?
A. It decreases C. It stays the same
B. It increases D. Nothing happens
10. What is one of the reactants of cellular respiration?
A. Carbon dioxide C. Glucose
B. Energy D. water
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Jumpstart
Activity 1: Getting Familiar with Cellular Respiration
Direction: Unscramble the words below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. tap __________________________________________
2. yoilgylssc ____________________________________
3. obrneacai ____________________________________
4. yogxne _______________________________________
5. vrcuyip _______________________________________
6. hfad __________________________________________
7. brcaeoi _______________________________________
8. ofattmneirne __________________________________
9. tocdhinomria _________________________________
10. ieoirntprsa ___________________________________
Activity 2: Gas Given Off by Organisms When They Breathe
Directions: Study the illustration below and write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
The illustration indicates the color of bromothymol blue (BTB) solution before
and after you exhale through a straw into the solution.
Blue BTB Yellow BTB
Before exhaling After exhaling
Process Questions:
1. What will happen if you exhale through a straw into the solution?
2. What gas do you give off which causes a change into the solution?
3. What is the purpose of bromothymol blue (BTB) in the solution?
You are doing great! Keep it up.
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Lesson
Cellular Respiration: Obtaining
1 Energy from Food
In your previous lesson, the body needs energy and other materials in order
to function and that food that we eat are the sources. They need energy to move,
grow, repair, and reproduce.
Discover
The activity you have done shows what happens to the gas after it is
formed. And that gas is carbon dioxide which is a product of cellular
respiration.
Cellular respiration is a complex process by which energy, in the form
of ATP, is released from food molecules ingested by organisms.
Below is the summary equation of cellular respiration:
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
(C6H12O6) + 6 O2 6 CO2 + H2O + energy
In the past lesson, you have learned that photosynthesis happens in
the chloroplast in plant cells. On the other hand, cellular respiration takes
place in mitochondria (sing. mitochondrion).
It refers to as the cell’s power plant - as a primary site of cellular
respiration. It metabolizes glucose, the most common cell fuel, to generate ATP
(Adenosine triphosphate).
Figure 1. Mitochondrion
https://paintingvalley.com/mitochondria-sketch
There are several processes under cellular respiration involving in the ATP
formation.
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Glycolysis.
It occurs in the cytoplasm by which one glucose molecule (a six-carbon
compound) is broken down into two pyruvic acid (or pyruvate) molecules (a
three-carbon compound) generating two net ATPs and 2 NADH molecules
(reduced NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide molecule). The by-products
produced in glycolysis enter the mitochondria.
A. Energy investment of 2 ATPs
B. Energy return of 4 ATPs
C. NET:
• PRODUCED 4 ATPs
• USED -2 ATPs
• NET:2 ATPs
D. Produced 2 NADH (proceeds to the ETC)
E. Produced 2 pyruvates (proceeds to Krebs Cycle)
C6H12O6+ 6O2 6CO2+ 6 H2O + energy (≈ 36 ATPs)
-2 ATPs
34 ATPs
2 Pyruvates or Pyruvic Acid (C3H4O3)
There are two pathways in which ATP can be generated from pyruvic
acid molecules - Aerobic and anaerobic.
Aerobic Respiration
In aerobic respiration, it involves the use of oxygen. It takes place in
the mitochondrion’s inner matrix and in the cristae.
Figure 2. Summary of Glycolysis
Source: https---www.s-cool.co.uk-a-level-biology-respiration-revise-it-glycolysis
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1. Conversion of pyruvic acid to Acetyl-CoA.
The three-carbon pyruvic acid is first converted into a two-carbon
molecule or acetyl group called Acetyl-CoA. During the transformation, the
pyruvic acid loses H2 and produces CO2 + NADH + H+ (as NAD+ accepts H2).
Prep stage: 2 NADH
2 CO2
CO2
Co A
Pyruvate Acetyl Coenzyme A
NAD+ NADH
2. Krebs cycle (Citric acid cycle or Tricarboxylic acid cycle).
Named after the British biochemist Sir Hans Adolf Krebs) refers to a
series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that break down acetyl-CoA completely
into carbon dioxide and water. It takes place in the mitochondrial inner
matrix. For every molecule of acetyl-CoA that entered the Krebs cycle, one
molecule of ATP is produced with three molecules of NADH and one molecule
of FADH2 (FAD – Flavin adenine dinucleotide). There are two turns of the cycle
since 1 glucose = 2 pyruvic acid = 2 acetyl CoA, the number of molecules
mentioned are doubled.
3 molecules of NADH 2 molecules of CO2
1 molecule of FADH2 1 molecule of ATP
Figure 4. Krebs cycle
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reductive_TCA_cycle.png
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3. Electron transport chain or Oxidative phosphorylation.
It transpires in the cristae of the mitochondrion. It refers to a series of
oxidation processes where (H2+) carried by NADH2 and FADH2 are transferred
to electron acceptors (Coenzyme Q and cytochrome b, c and a). ATPs are
released and water as a by-product as electrons are transferred. The final
electron acceptor is an oxygen molecule.
Figure 5. Electron transport chain
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org
In aerobic respiration, the theoretical yield of ATP harvested from
glucose is 38 molecules. This is reduced to 36 in eukaryotes because it takes
1 ATP to transport each NADH molecule that is generated by glycolysis inside
the cytoplasm into the mitochondria.
Anaerobic Respiration
On the other hand, Anaerobic respiration. The term closely related to
this is fermentation which is the breakdown of pyruvic acid without the use of
oxygen.
Fermentation comes in two forms:
A. Alcohol or Ethanol fermentation.
It occurs in some plants cells and some one-celled organisms like
yeasts. During this process, pyruvic acid is converted to (ethyl alcohol). NAD+
and ethanol (ethyl alcohol) are produced.
The bread made with yeast release CO2 causes it to rise. Wine and beer
are the products of this process carried out by some microorganisms.
Pyruvic acid + NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
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B. Lactic acid fermentation.
It takes place when there is a short supply of oxygen in the cells. Lactic
acid from glucose in the liver when pyruvic acid accepts hydrogen from
NADH+. This contributes to muscle fatigue.
Pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid+
Check your mastery on the succeeding activities.
Explore
Activity 1: Give Me More
Directions: Use the key words to complete the statement. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
Energy Lactic acid Biofuel Glucose Cells
Aerobic Wine Oxygen Anaerobic
1. Respiration is the release of energy from glucose and takes place inside all living
____ ____ ____ L ____.
2-4. Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of ___ ___ Y ___ ___ ___, it involves
the complete breakdown of ___ ___ ___ C ___ ___ ___ and releases the greatest yield of
___ ___ ___ R ____ ___.
5. Anaerobic respiration results in the incomplete breakdown of glucose to ___ A ___
___ ___ ___ ___ ____ ____ ___.
6. An example of a fermentation is ___ ___ ___ E ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ respiration in
yeast.
7. The ethanol released by fermentation can be used in brewing alcoholic drinks,
such as beer and ___ ___ N ___.
8. The ethanol produced, due to its high energy content can also be used as
___ ___ ___ F ___ ___ ___.
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Activity 2. How Respiration Works!
Directions: Label the diagram below on the illustration of complete process. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1
6 8
2
3
4 7 10
Deepen
Activity 1: Question and Answer
Directions: Give a substantial answer to every question. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Describe cellular respiration and why it is needed.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is anaerobic respiration not as beneficial to cells as aerobic respiration?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What happens to muscles when they are subject to long periods of vigorous activity
and why?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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Activity 2: Let it Be Filled!
Directions: Fill in the chart below with the proper data. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Basis of
Anaerobic Aerobic
Comparison
Conversion Electron
Krebs
Glycolysis Fermentation of P.A. to Transport
Cycle
Acetyl-CoA Chain
1. Raw
materials
2. Parts of the
cell involved
3.Chemical
process
involved
4.Type of
organisms
involved
5. Amount of
ATP
molecules
produced
6. Other
products and
by-products
Wow! You made it this far. Keep going to the next
part.
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Gauge
Directions: Read each questions carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What end products do yeasts produce in fermentation of glucose?
A. Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
B. Ethyl alcohol and oxygen
C. Lactic acid and carbon dioxide
D. Lactic acid and oxygen
2. The presence of lactic acid in the cells of an animal’s muscle tissue is an
indication that the _________. Which of the following completes the statement?
A. animal carries on a complex form of respiration during daylight hours
B. animal is not adapted to the use of glucose
C. a number of mitochondria in the muscle cells has increased
D. muscle cells have been active during a period of oxygen deficiency
3. How many ATPs are used or consumed in the process of glycolysis?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
4. What is required in an aerobic cellular respiration?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Ethyl alcohol
C. Oxygen
D. Starch
5. One molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate as a
result of the _________. Which of the following completes the statement?
A. diffusion of water across a membrane
B. digestion of a protein
C. light reactions of photosynthesis
D. process of glycolysis
6. Water is produced at the end of _________. Which of the following completes the
statement?
A. lactic acid fermentation
B. photosynthesis
C. the electron transport chain
D. Krebs cycle
7. What gas is given off during cellular respiration?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Hydrogen
C. Methane
D. Oxygen
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8. What is the first stage of cellular respiration?
A. Glycolysis
B. Oxidative respiration
C. The Krebs cycle
D. The Calvin cycle
9. What is the end product of glycolysis?
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. CO2
C. Lactate
D. Pyruvate
10. The final output of the Krebs cycle includes all the following EXCEPT _________.
A. ATP
B. CO2
C. FADH2
D. NADP
11. What substance is produced by the conversion of pyruvate before entering into
the citric acid cycle?
A. Acetyl-CoA
B. Glucose
C. O2
D. Pyruvate
12. What role does O2 play in aerobic respiration?
A. It combines with acetyl-CoA at the start of the Krebs cycle
B. it combines with H2O to help drive the ADP-ATP formation
C. It is given off as a by-product during the conversion of pyruvate
oxidation
D. It is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport
chain
13. Where is FADH2 produced during aerobic respiration?
A. Fermentation
B. Glycolysis
C. The Electron transport chain
D. The Krebs cycle
14. What does the term anaerobic mean?
A. With O2
B. Without bacteria
C. Without CO2
D. Without O2
15. What is the overall equation for the aerobic cellular respiration of glucose?
A. C6H12O6 → Lactic acid + ATP + Heat
B. C6H12O6 + CO2 + Ethyl alcohol + ATP + Heat
C. C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP + Heat
D. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 + ATP + Heat
Congratulations! You have done a terrific job doing all the tasks.
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LU_General Biology 1_Module10
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Explore Pretest
1. Glucose 1. A
2. Glycolysis 2. D
3. Cytoplasm 3. A
4. ATP 4. C
5. Pyruvic acid/Pyruvate 5. D
6. Krebs cycle 6. B
7. ATP 7. B
8. Electron transport chain 8. A
9. Mitochondrion 9. B
10. ATP 10. C
Explore Act 1 Jumpstart
1. Cells 1. Possible answer: The blue
2. Oxygen BTB will change into yellow
3. Glucose color.
4. Energy 2. Carbon dioxide
5. Lactic acid 3. Possible answer: BTB is a
chemical indicator. It will
6. Anaerobic change into
7. Wine yellow color if mixed with
8. Biofuel carbon dioxide
Gauge Jumpstart
1. A 1. ATP
2. D 2. Glycolysis
3. B 3. Anaerobic
4. C 4. Oxygen
5. D 5. Pyruvic
6. C 6. FADH
7. A 7. Aerobic
8. A 8. Fermentation
9. D 9. Mitochondria
10. Respiration
Answer Key
References
Printed materials:
Belardo, Gisselle Millette M. et al. General Biology 1: Textbook for senior High
School. Vibal Group Inc, 2016.
Capco, Carmelita M., Yang, Gilbert C. You and The Natural World Series (Biology).
Phoenix Publishing house, 1996.
Carale, Lourdes R. et al. Biology: Science and Technology Teacher's Guide. Book
Media Press Inc, 2009.
Carale, Lourdes R., Treyes, Rodolfo S. Biology: Science and Technology Textbook for
Second Year. Book Media Press Inc, 2009.
Rabago, Lilia M. Ph.D, Joaquin, Cresencia C. Ph.D, Lagunzad, Catherine B. Ph.D.
Science and Technology II. SD Publications, Inc, n.d.
Rabago, Lilia M., Ph.D, Joaquin, Cresencia C., Ph.D, Lagunzad, Catherine B., Ph.D.
Functional Biology: Modular Approach. Vibal Publishing House, Inc, 2007.
Ramos, John Donnie A,. Biology: Exploring Life Through Science. Phoenix Publishing
House Inc. , 2012.
Villamil, Aurora M. Science and Technology Year 2. Phoenix Publishing house, Inc,
1998.
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commons.wikimedia.org. n.d.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2508_The_Electron_Transport_C
hain.jpg (accessed October 20, 2020).
commons.wikimedia.org. n.d.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reductive_TCA_cycle.png.
(accessed October 20, 2020).
commons.wikimedia.org. n.d.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_process_of_Glycolysis
(accessed October 20, 2020)
Friedman, Janice. www.biologyjunction.com. April 21, 2017.
https://www.biologyjunction.com/pz_cellular_respiration.htm
(accessed October 20, 2020).
s-cool.co.uk. n.d.
https---www.s-cool.co.uk-a-level-biology-respiration-revise-it-glycolysis_).gif
(accessed October 20, 2020).
paintingvalley.com. n.d.
https://paintingvalley.com/mitochondria-sketch
(accessed October 20, 2020)
https://doubtnut.app/question-answers/what-are-the-products-of-aerobic-
respiration-592338
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https://www.coursehero.com/file/pq202m/The-raw-materials-or-reactants-
of-cell-respiration-are-A-glucose-and-oxygen-B/
http://www.niss-curriculum.com/doc/clark/biology1/w14.pdf
https://brainanswerph.com/biology/question11437624
https://www.scribd.com/document/509110448/summative-test-2-gen-bio
https://studylib.net/doc/8510563/photosynthesis-and-cellular-respiration-
quiz
https://study-assistantph.com/biology/question11438096
https://studylib.net/doc/7448391/photosynthesis-and-cellular-respiration-
quiz
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p7r9bhin/What-role-does-O2-play-in-
aerobic-respiration-A-it-plays-no-role-B-it-combines/
https://quizlet.com/182795512/biology-3-chapter-7-how-cells-harvest-
energy-from-food-flash-cards/
https://reviewgamezone.com/preview.php?id=38892
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Curriculum Implementation Division
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Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
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