MATTER AND
ENERGY II
Name: Ana Camila Pérez Rubio
ID: 292987
Teacher´s name: Rosa Cárdenas
Module: 1
Tecmilenio
“Activity 2”
1. Define the following concepts: (20 points)
Density: is the relationship between the mass of the substance and
how much space it takes up (volume). The mass of atoms, their size,
and how they are arranged determine the density of a substance.
Density equals the mass of the substance divided by its volume; D =
m/v.
Pressure: Pressure is defined as force/area. For instance, the
pressure from snow on a roof would be the weight of the snow
divided by the area of the roof. In chemistry, usually pressure comes
from gases. When you blow up a balloon, you put gas inside. The
gas molecules bump into each other and into the walls of the balloon.
Although the force from each molecule bumping the balloon is very
small, when you put enough air in, all the collisions add up and make
the balloon stretch and get bigger.
Pascal's Law: it says that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid will
be transmitted without a change in magnitude to every point of the
fluid and to the walls of the container.
Archimedes' principle: it says that the apparent weight of an object
immersed in a liquid decrease by an amount equal to the weight of
the volume of the liquid that it displaces. Since 1 mL of water has a
mass almost exactly equal to 1g, if the object is immersed in water,
the difference between the two masses (in grams) will equal (almost
exactly) the volume (in mL) of the object weighed. Knowing the mass
and the volume of an object allows us to calculate the density.
2. Solve the following exercises: (80 points)
a) What is the volume of 0.4 kg of alcohol? What is the weight
of this volume?
-Step by step explanation:
1) Data:
The density of alcohol (ethanol) is 789 kg / m³
m = 0.4 kg
2) What volume does 0.4 kg of alcohol occupy?
Density: it is a scalar quantity referred to the amount of mass
in a certain volume of a substance.
ρ = m / volume
-Therefore, the Volume is:
-Volume = m / ρ
-Volume = 0.4 kg / 789 kg / m³
-Volume = 5.07 * 10⁻⁴ m³
3) What is the weight of that volume?
Weight:
P=m*g
-P = 0.4kg * 9.8 m / sec²
-P = 3.92 N
Answer:
The volume is 5.07 * 10⁻⁴ m³ and the
weight is 3.92 N
b) 0.5 kg of ethyl alcohol occupies a volume of 5.44 x 10-4 m3.
Find the density (kg/m3) and specific gravity (N/ m3).
-Step by step explanation:
1) Data:
ρ=?
M = 0.5 kg
V = 5.44 x 10-4 m3
2) Formula:
-Density = ρ = m/v
-Specific gravity = Ρobject/ΡH2O
3) Operations:
-Density =
0.5 kg
= 919.11764705
5.44 x 10-4 m3
-Specific gravity:
9.19.11764705m3 = 0.919117 m3/N
1.00 x 103
Answer:
-Density= 910.11764705 kg/m3
-Specific gravity= 0.919117 m3/N
c) Find the specific weight of an oil whose density is 671.22 kg /
m3.
-Step by step explanation:
1) Data:
Pe = Specific weight [N / m3]
ρ = Density [kg / m3] = 671.22 kg / m3
g = Acceleration of gravity [m / s2] = 9.8066 m / s2
2) Formula:
3) Operation:
671.22 kg / m3 = 6582.6682 N/m3
9.81 m / s2
Answer:
Specific gravity = 6582.6682 N/m3
d) Find the pressure in atmospheres produced by a column of
mercury 60 cm high.
-Step by step explanation:
1) Data:
-I am using the formula for pressure in static fluid, where the
factors involved are: depth (h), gravity (g) and fluid density
(ρ), this being independent of the shape, area or mass of a
body.
Pressure = depth × gravity × density
2) Formula:
P = h × g × ρ
3) Operations:
-Mercury density:
13.6 gr / cm³, we will transform it to kg / m³
-I substitute:
P = 0.6 m × 13600 kg / m³ × 9.81 m / s²
P = 80050 Pa = 80 kPa
- I transform to atmospheres:
-6
80050Pa x 9.87 x 10 atm = 0.79atm
1Pa
Answer:
0.79 atm
e) A 3 kg block of wood is attached to a rope and dipped in
water. Find the buoyant force.
1) Formula:
FB + T = mg FB = ρwgVw
mb
Ρb =
Vb
2) Operations:
mb 4kg
Vb = =
Vb 8700kg/m3
Vb = Vw =2.30 x 10-4m3
Fb = (1000kg/m3)(9.8m/s2)(2.3 x 10-4m3)
Answer:
Fb = 2.25 N
f) A hydraulic elevator is used to lift a 2000 kg bus, if the
radius of the large piston is 3 m and the radius of the
smaller piston is 1 m. Calculate the force to be applied to
the smaller piston.
1) Data:
Mass = 2000kg
Radius of large piston = 3m
Radius os smaller piston = 1m
2) Formula:
F1 = F 2 = 2000kg2 x (3.14m2) = 222.14N
2
A 28.27m
Answer:
Force = 222.14N
