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Building Utilities 1 : MODULE 1

Plumbing & Sanitary Introduction of Building Utilities 1
Systems

Module Overview:
Welcome to Building Utilities 1 – Plumbing & Sanitary Systems  
The plumbing and sanitary systems are essential parts of every house or
building. Proper planning and designing of plumbing system is crucial as it takes care of
the hygiene requirements of the occupants. It has been reported that about eight
percent (8%) of the construction cost of a building is marked for plumbing and sanitary
work.
A plumber’s job role consists of installation, repair, maintenance and servicing of
plumbing fittings and fixtures. Besides having a thorough understanding of the
mechanisms required for performing various tasks, a plumber should be laborious, have
effective communication skills and be a result-oriented worker with a positive attitude

Course Overview:
This course aims to discuss and elaborate principles and practices in plumbing
and sanitary systems- this include design, installations, operation and maintenance in
buildings to the immediate surroundings or environment.

Faculty Profile

Ar. Chelsea Anne Rose P. Arceo, uap

Registered and Licensed Architect (2022)

Bachelor of Science in Architecture (2019)

Angeles University Foundation

Email: [email protected]

Course Learning Outcomes

 Acquire adequate understanding on the fundamental concepts and principles,
general design and installation of water supply, sanitary drainage systems, storm

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drainage systems, water disposal systems, and fire protection systems in

buildings consistent with safe practices and recommendations.
 Inculcate in their minds the importance of sanitation as well as plumbing in the
context of building structures as a component of the overall building services
function
 Comprehend and apply pertinent code provisions relative to designing,
installation, operation, and maintenance of plumbing systems and its
components
 Express common engineering language associated with plumbing, sanitary, and
fire protection systems.
 Prepare and update plumbing drawings and to understand the methods,
equipments and materials

List of Course Modules

Module 1: Introduction of Building Utilities 1 – Plumbing & Sanitary Systems
Lesson 1.1: Fundamental Concepts and Principles
Lesson 1.2: Definition of Terms
Module 2: Plumbing Materials
Lesson 2.1: Plumbing Fixtures
Lesson 2.2: Fittings, valves and Control Devices
Module 3: Water Systems
Lesson 3.1: Concept and Principles of Water Systems
Lesson 3.2: Piping Layout of Water Systems
Module 4: Storm Drainage System
Lesson 4.1: Concept and Principles of Storm Drainage Systems
Lesson 4.2: Piping Layout of Storm Drainage Systems
Module 5: Midterm Assessment: Midterm Examination
Module 6: Vent Systems and Fire Protection Systems (Plumbing Code)
Lesson 6.1: Concept and Principles of Vent & Fire Protection

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Lesson 6.2: Plumbing Code of the Philippines

Module 7: Application # 1 - Understanding Plumbing and Sanitary Layout
Lesson 7.1: Legends and General Specifications
Lesson 7.2: Drawing Application & Isometric Diagram
Module 8: Application # 2- Designing Plumbing and Sanitary Layout
Lesson 8.1: Sewer Line Layout
Lesson 8.2: Water Line Layout
Module 9: Submission of Final Plate & Final Examination

General Rules
a. Expectations from Students and from the Faculty

What we expect from our students:

 Communicate regularly with their respective faculty.

 Understand and follow online etiquette (netiquette).
 Meet course deadlines.
 Adhere honor code of the subject

What you can expect from the faculty:

 Faculty are available to communicate with the students via email or

MyClass during school hours only.
 Faculty will provide clear and concise instructions and exercises for the
students to follow.
 Will return graded assessments within two weeks from the due date.
 Monitor discussions to clarify students’ postings, provide insight and
ensure that every voice is heard.

b. Submission of Assignments and Late Submissions

 For late submission of assignments, your score will be 10% lower from the
top scorer and corresponding demerits will be given each day after the
due date.

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 The 10% demerits do not include demerits obtained from quality and
accuracy of the submitted assignments.

c. Honor Code
I understand that submitting work that isn’t my own may result in permanent
failure of this course.

MODULE 1 OUTLINE
Module 1: Introduction of Building Utilities 1
Module Learning Outcomes
 Consolidate their previous knowledge, skills and experienced gained in the
plumbing and sanitary education to date.
 Understand the contribution of the sanitary systems in the development of high
technology utilities and construction system.
 Apply ideal sanitary layout in given and future projects/problems/plates.

Discussion:
What is Plumbing?

Plumbing is define as the art and science of installing pipes, fixtures and other
apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and discharge waste
water and other liquids, gases and other substances out of buildings in a safe, orderly,
healthy and sanitary way to ensure the health and sanitation of life and property

The word PLUMBER is a title given to a person who is skilled in the field of
sanitation. It was derived from the ancient Roman word Plumbarius which was which
taken from the Latin word Plumbum.

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Plumbarius refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient

Roame.

Plumbum on the otherhand, meant lead, a metal used as plumbing material by

the Romans, preferred for its twin properties of malleability and resistant to acid
Plumbing Systems in the Philippines

Water Supply
The water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial
organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps
and pipes. Irrigation is covered separately.
Water supply systems get water from a variety of locations after appropriate
treatment, including groundwater (aquifers), surface water (lakes and rivers), and the
sea through desalination. The water treatment steps include, in most cases, purification,
disinfection through chlorination and sometimes fluoridation. Treated water then either
flows by gravity or is pumped to reservoirs, which can be elevated such as water
towers or on the ground (for indicators related to the efficiency of drinking water
distribution see non-revenue water). Once water is used, wastewater is typically
discharged in a sewer system and treated in a sewage treatment plant before being
discharged into a river, lake or the sea or reused for landscaping, irrigation or industrial
use

Waste Disposal
Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the activities and actions
required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the
collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and
regulation of the waste management process.

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Waste can be solid, liquid, or gas and each type have different methods of
disposal and management. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including
industrial, biological and household. In some cases, waste can pose a threat to human
health. Waste is produced by human activity, for example, the extraction and processing
of raw materials. Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on
human health, the environment or aesthetics.
Waste management practices are not uniform among countries
(developed and developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas),
and residential and industrial sectors can all take different approaches.
A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid
waste (MSW) which is the bulk of the waste that is created by household, industrial, and
commercial activity

The Objectives:
- to remove and discharge human wastes and other substance out of the building
into public sewer or septic tank

- to supply water to different parts of the building

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The drainage system should accomplish the following

 Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability of leakage and

stoppage of drains
 To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious gases into the house
from the piping system

Conditions for an effective water supply in the building

 To provide sufficient amount of water to supply each fixture

 To prevent back flow of used water into the water supply system

Mandatory Requirements for a Drainage System

 All plumbing design and installation are governed by a set of rules and
limitations prescribe by the
 National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
 Code of Sanitation - Presidential Decree 856

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The Drainage System

SOLID WASTE
- That is being discharge by water closet

LIQUID WASTE
- That are coming from various fixtures

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The Drainage System

The drainage installation is sometimes referred to as DWV which means
D – for drainage of solid waste
W – for waste coming from various fixtures other than water closet
V – refers to the ventilation of the piping system

Assignment 1.1: Advance reading for Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2: Definition of Terms

Discussion:

AIR GAP
An air gap in a water supply system, is the unobstructed vertical distance through the
free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to
a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle

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BACK FLOW
Is the flow of water or other liquid into the distributing pipes from any source

- Cause of backflow is back pressure

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BACK SIPHONAGE
Refers to the back flow used contaminated or polluted water due to a negative pressure
in such a pipe

BATTERY OF FIXTURE
Refers to any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharges into a
common horizontal waste pipe or soil branch

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BIB
Is synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc

BLIND FLANGE
a flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of water.

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BLOW OFF
A controlled outlet on a pipeline used to discharge water

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BRANCH
Is any part of piping system other than the main riser or stack

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BRANCH INTERVAL
Is the length of a soil or waste stack corresponding in general to a storey height, but in
no case less than 2.40 M

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BRANCH VENT
Is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent

CALKING
Is plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials, that are pounded into the
place or opening

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CIRCUIT VENT
Is a branch vent that serves two or more traps, and extends from the front of the last
fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the vent stack

COMBINATION FIXTURES
Is a fixture combining one sink and tray or a two or three compartment sink or tray in
one vent

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COMBINATION WASTE & VENT SYSTEM

Is a specially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizontal wet venting of
one or more sinks or floor drains

CROSS CONNECTION
Is a physical connection between two otherwise separate piping system, one contains
potable water, and the other from unknown source

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CROSS CONNECTION
Is a physical connection between two otherwise separate piping system, one contains
potable water, and the other from unknown source

DEAD END
Is the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end permitting the stagnation of
water or air therein

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DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
The length along the center of the pipe and fitting

DIAMETER
Diameter of a pipe or tube refers to the nominal internal diameter (ID) of such pipe

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DRAINAGE SYSTEM
All piping within the public and private premises that conveys sewage, rainwater, or
other liquid waste, to a legal point of disposal

DRY VENT
A vent that does not carry water or water borne waste

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EFFECTIVE OPENING
Is the minimum cross sectional area at the point of water supply discharge, measured or
expressed in terms of diameter of a circle

FIXTURE BRANCH
Is a pipe connecting several fixtures

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FIXTURE UNITS
Is a quantity in terms if which the load producing effects on the plumbing system of
different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed on some arbitrarily chosen scale

FIXTURE UNIT FLOW RATE

Is the total discharge flow in gallons per minute of a simple fixture

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FLOOD LEVEL
It’s a device located inside the tank for the purpose of maintaining water level for
effective flushing of the pipe

FERRULE
A metallic sleeve called or otherwise joined to an opening in pipe into which a plug is
screwed that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior pipe

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FLUSH VALVE
Is a device located at the bottom of the tank for flushing water closets and similar
fixtures

FLUSHOMETER VALVE
Is a device which discharges a predetermined quantity of water to the fixture for flushing
purposes activated by direct water pressure

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GRADE
Is a slope or fall of pipe

GROUP VENT
A branch vent that performs its function for two or more traps

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HORIZONTAL PIPE
Means any pipe or fitting which makes an angle of more than 45 degree with the vertical

INVERT LEVEL
Is the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical

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LIQUID WASTE
Is the discharge from any fixture, appliance or appurtenance in connection with a
plumbing system which does not receive fecal matter

LOCAL VENT PIPE

Is a pipe on the fixture side of the trap through which vapor or foul is removed from a
room or fixture

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LOOPED VENT
Is the same as circuit vent except that it loops back and connects with the stack vent of
a vent stack

LATERAL
in plumbing, it is a secondary pipe.

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MAIN SEWER
Is a sewer line or system directly controlled by public authority.

PLUMBING FIXTURES
Are installed receptacles, devices, or appliances which are supplied with water, or which
receives or discharge liquid bourne waste

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RELIEF VENT
a relief vent’s primarily function is to provide circulation of air between drainage and
vent systems

RE-VENT PIPE
(individual pipe) is that part of the vent pipeline which connects directly with an
individual waste or group of wastes underneath or back of the fixture

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RETURN BEND
An open return bend usually with inside threads, but applied also 180 degree bend in
pipe

PUBLIC SEWER
Is a common sewer directly controlled by public authority

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SANITARY SEWAGE
The sewage containing human excrement and liquid household waste. It is also called
domestic waste.

SANITARY SEWER
A sewer intended to received to receive sanitary sewage with or without industrial
wastes and without the admixture of surface water, storm water or drainage

SEWERAGE OF SEWAGE WORK

Is a comprehensive term including all construction or collection, transportation,
pumping, treatment and final disposition of sewage

SECONDARY BRANCH
Any branch in a building drain other than the primary branch.

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SIAMESE CONNECTION
Is a Y connection used on fire lines so that two lines of hose maybe connected to a
hydrant or to the same nozzle

STANDPIPE
A vertical pipe usually used for the storage of water, frequently under pressure

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SIDE VENT
Is a vent connecting to the drain pipe through a fitting at an angle not greater than 45
degree or to the vertical

SOIL PIPE
Is any pipe that coveys the discharge of water closets or fixture having the similar
functions, with or without the discharge from other fixtures to the building

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STACK
Is the vertical main of a system of soil,
waste or vent pipe

STACK VENT
Is the extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to
the stack (waste vent- soil vent)

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STACK VENTING
It is a method of venting a fixture or fixture through the soil or waste stack

SUBSOIL DRAIN
Are underground drain pipes that receive sub-surface or seepage water only and
convey it to a place of disposal

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SUMP
A pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid waste are drained

TRAP
Is a fitting or device so designed as to provide when properly vented a liquid seal that
will prevent back passage of air without materially affecting the flow of sewage through
it

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TRAP SEAL
Is the maximum vertical depth of liquid that trap will retain, measured between the
crown weir and top of the dip of the trap

VENT STACK
Is a pipe or pipes installed in a vertical to provide a flow or circulation of air to different
parts of the drainage system

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VENT SYSTEM
Is a pipe or pipes installed to provide flow or circulation of air within the plumbing
system to protect trap seals siphoning and back pressure

VERTICAL PIPE
Is a pipe installed in a vertical position or at an angle of not more than 45 degree with
the vertical

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WASTE PIPE
Is a pipe that conveys liquid waste from fixture that is free of fecal matter

Assessment Activity
Timed Esquisses/ Research works
Major Plates per Term

Evaluation
*The student is free to evaluate the module as per effectiveness of the
discussion and assessment activity. For this subject, the evaluation of the student’s
performance is based on the following:
1. Research works
2. Major Plates/ Examinations per term

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Reflection Questions
1. What is the importance of plumbing systems in a residential building?
2. As a designer, are there any other ways to improve the practice of plumbing
system in the Philippines?

References
A. Books
1. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines. 2010. The National
Structural Code of the Philippines, 6th Edition. Manila: Association of Structural
Engineers of the Philippines.
2. Batasang Pambansa, Fifth Regular Session. 1982. An Act to Enhance the
Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings, Institutions,
Establishments and Public Utilities to Install Facilities and Other Devices.
Quezon City, Philippines.
3. Marcos, Ferdinand E. 1977. PD 1096: The National Building Code of the
Philippines. Manila: Philippines
4. The National Plumbing Code of the Philippines. Manila: Philippines.
5. The National Sanitation Code of the Philippines. Manila: Philippines.
6. The National Fire Code of the Philippines. Manila: Philippines.

B. Websites

 http://www. concrete.org.uk- About Concrete’s Properties and Testing.

 http // www.ferrocement.net- About Ferrocement’s Properties and Applications.
 http:// www.ce.gatech.edu/vwww-ce/ universities.html- Structural Testing of
Construction Materials.
 http://webmit.edu/catalogue/eng/civilg.html - Construction Process, Model Testing
 http://www.schoology.com

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