Some people aren't familiar with the term stem cells.

Not everyone knows what are they and some

What exactly are stem cells?

-Stem cells as defined by Mc Culloh &Till(2005) , are primal undifferentiated cells which retain to have
the ability to act as a repair system for the body replenishing other cells as long as the organism is alive.
They have the remarkable ability to regenerate themselves and transform into a variety of cell types in
the body. In contrast to muscle cells, blood cells & nerve cells which do not normally replicate, stem cells
can replicate multiple times.

There are two types of stem cells: the pluripotent stem cells which is composed of embryonic stem cell
and induced pluripotent stem cell, and the nonembryonic or somatic stem cell also known as adult stem
cell.

Adult stem cells are found in a tissue or organ and can differentiate to produce the tissue or organ's
specialized cell types. They are typically found in every small numbers in each tissue and once removed
from the body, their ability to divide is limited making it difficult to generate large quantities of adult
stem cells for therapies.

Pluripotent stem cells on the other hand, have the capacity to differentiate into all of the adult body's
cells since these stem cells are less constrained by starting material and have greater potential for
renewal.

Human stem cells are used in biomedical research and therapeutics development in a variety of ways
due to their unique regenerative abilities. And as stated by the NIH Stem Cell Information Homepage
2021, scientists can use stem cells to learn about human biology and develop therapeutics. A better
understanding of the genetic and molecular signals that regulate cell division, specialization and
differentiation in stem cells can provide insight into how diseases develop and suggest new therapeutic
strategies.

Discovering the mechanism under stem cells may lead to the discovery of different curative remedies.
Stem cells hold the promise of being a renewable source of energy and therapy to diseases.

We, the researchers conducted this article review to present the function of stem cells in curing several
diseases such as cancer and the different innovation it could provide to improve the services in health
care industry.

Results and Discussion

In the study of Hauser(2015), adult stem cells are being used for bone marrow transplantation. Some of
the successful transplants used for treatments in the growing field of stem cell research are the bone
marrow stem cell transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which have made
ground breaking progress in the treatments of many malignant & nonmalignant conditions. In bone
marrow stem cell treatment for acute myocardial infarction, it revealed that stem cell therapy improved
left ventricular ejection fraction by 2.99% , and significantly reduced left end-systolic volume and
myocardial lesion area by 4.74 mL and 3.51% , respectively. While hematopoietic stem cell transplant
has pioneered the concepts of stem cell therapy and immunotherapy as a tool against cancer.
Pluripotent stem cells on the other hand is still undergoing clinical trials. Despite that, embryonic stem
cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have risen to prominence as novel ways to understanding
disease pathophysiology.

Stem cell therapy is still promising. Clinically, findings showed that conventional therapy can be
improved upon. Furthermore, appropriately powered trials with optimal dose, longer-term outcome
assessments, and more accurate and patient-centered outcomes are necessary.

Ongoing research into the utilization of hematopoietic stem cells for no hematopoietic tissue repair has
the potential to bring in a new era of regenerative medicine.

Few stem cell treatments are close to being ready for clinical use. Even though clinical trials are typically
slow, stem cell research remains the best hope we have for finding therapies for a variety of serious
disorders.

Conclusion

Finally, after decades of research, stem cell therapy is proving to be a tremendous game changer in
medicine. The capacities of stem cells are increasing with each trial, yet there are still numerous
challenges to solve. Regardless, stem cells have a huge impact on regenerative medicine and
transportation. The potential use of human stem cells to create cell populations, tissues, or organs for
implantation has the potential to revolutionize medicine by providing unlimited material on demand
that is completely compatible with the patient's own tissues using therapeutic nuclear transfer or
methods. In addition, the cells might be utilized as an In-Vitro system to research the differentiation of
specific cell types and the impact of new medications and the discovery of genes as possible therapeutic
targets. Induced pluripotency enables the use of a patient's own cells. With stem cell therapy and all its
regenerative benefits, we could be able to extend human life than at any other time in history.