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Experiment 3

The experiment aims to study speed control of a chopper-fed DC drive. The apparatus includes a separately excited DC motor, DC generator, PWM generator, rheostat, and IGBT switch. Speed is controlled through variable voltage to the motor armature obtained from a DC chopper using either current limit control or time ratio control. Observations at different duty cycles show that increasing the duty cycle increases the motor speed, armature current, and torque.

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73 views3 pages

Experiment 3

The experiment aims to study speed control of a chopper-fed DC drive. The apparatus includes a separately excited DC motor, DC generator, PWM generator, rheostat, and IGBT switch. Speed is controlled through variable voltage to the motor armature obtained from a DC chopper using either current limit control or time ratio control. Observations at different duty cycles show that increasing the duty cycle increases the motor speed, armature current, and torque.

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Promit Mandal
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EXPERIMENT 3

AIM: Study of speed control of chopper fed DC drive


Apparatus required
1) separately excited DC Motor (220V,18.82A,1500rpm)
2) DC generator (220V,1500rpm,16.82A)
3) PWM generator
4) rheostat
5) IGBT switch

Theory: The variable voltage to the armature of a dc motor for speed control can be
obtained from a dc chopper which is a single dc to dc conversion device. The voltage
variation at the load terminal can be obtained by using either current limit control or time ratio
control. In the case of a chopper it is controlled such that the load current has a variation
between two limits. When the current reaches the upper limit the chopper is turned off to
disconnect the motor from the supply . the load current free wheels through freewheeling
diodes and decays . when the current falls to the lower limit the chopper is turned on
connecting the motor to the supply. An average current is always maintained . When the
chopper is controlled by time ratio control the ratio of ton/toff of the chopper is changed. In
this case the operation at fixed frequency is kept constant and only is varied to obtain
voltage control . The operation will be at variable frequency with ton kept constant and
ton+toff varied but during the several advantages of simplicity , fixed frequency time ratio
control is normally used . chopper circuits are used to control both separately excited and
series motors.
Torque speed characteristics of separately excited DC motor

Eb+IaRa=Ya

Motor Equations

Eb=Km 0 wm

T=Km 0 Ia

From above equations

Km 0 wm + IaRa / Km 0 = Va

Speed of separately excited DC motor is controlled by following methods-

Armature resistance control

As Ra increases speed of motor decreases and vice versa. It is an efficient method of speed control
due to high I2R losses

Field control

This method is generally employed when we wait to operate DC mo1tor at speed greater than rated
speed

Armature voltage control


This is a good method for speed control. Converters or choppers can be used for controlling getting
variable dc voltage across armature and thus speed can be controlled efficiently

For a chopper circuit avg. op voltage

Vd =Vdc * Ton / ( Ton +Toff) = D Vdc

D=durty cycle

Observation table:
DC MOTOR DC SPEED INPUT LOAD DUTY TORQ
GENERATO CURRENT CYCLE UE
R N (rpm)
THD (%) (N-m)
Va Ia(A) Va(V) Ia(A)
(V)
192.5 1.9 162 0 983 160 NO 49.29 0
LOAD
210 2.5 161 1.3 983 152 R1 49.29 2
224 3.4 161 2.6 978 147 R2 49.29 4.080
234 4.1 160 3.9 967 140 R3 49.29 6.16

140 1.9 140 0 834 166 NO 40.71 0


LOAD
120.5 2.4 132 1 826 159 R1 40.71 1.52
111 3 136 2.2 821 154 R2 40.71 3.46
104 3.5 132 3.3 817 152 R3 40.71 4.84

150 1.8 127 0 748 177 NO 35.98 0


LOAD
140 2.2 122 0.9 744 166 R1 35.98 1.41
132 2.9 120 2 735 161 R2 35.98 3.11
124 3.3 119 2.9 728 156 R3 35.98 4.52

OBSERVATION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

GRAPH:

CONCLUSION:

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