GREATEST COMMON FACTOR AND LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE ,son Objectives ed the common factors and the greatest common factor (GCF) of two numbers. find the common multiples and the least common multiple (LCM) of two numbers. Find the common factors of 24 and 32. 2h =1x 24 32=1x 32 24=2x12 32=2x16 24=3x8 32=4x8 24=4x6 Factors of 24: ® @® 3, @® 6, @® 12 and 24 Factors of 32: @ ® ®@ ©. 16 and 32 1, 2, 4 and 8 are factors of both 24 and 32. The common factors of 24 and 32 are 1, 2, 4and 8. FACTORS AND MULTIPLES 192 Find the common factors of 8 and 36. B=1x8 36 = 1x 36 8=2x4 36=2% 18 36 = 3x 12 36=4x9 36=6x6 Factors of 8: @ @. @. 8 Factors of 36: @. @. @. 6,9, 12, 18 and 36 1, 2, and 4 are factors of both 8 and 36. The common factors of 8 and 36 are 1, 2 and 4. Find the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of 12 and 16, 12=1x12 16=1x16 12=2x6 16=2x8 12=3x4 16=4x4 Factors of 12: @®. @. 3. @. 6. ana 12 ractors of 16 @. @.@, 8 ana re The common factors of 12 and 16 are 1, 2and 4, Ais the greatest factor. The Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of 12 and 16 is 4. CHAPTER 3QUMHBEEA. > ime factorization Hr. A A reise” | /\ f /N 0 as 2x 2x 2 x The Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of 12 and 16 is 2x 2= 4. Vmetnoas Continuous division Step 1: 12 16 Step 2: 6 8 Step 3: 3. 4 <«— 1isthe only common factor. Stop here. common factors Step 1: 12 and 16 are even numbers. Divide 12 and 16 by 2. 12 +2 =6and 16 +2 = 8. Write 6 and 8 below each number. Step 2: 6 and 8 are even numbers. Divide 6 and 8 by 2. 6+2=3and8+2=4. Write 3 and 4 below each number. Step 3: The only common factor of 3 and 4 is 1, so we stop here. Multiply the numbers on the left to get the GCF. The Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of 12 and 16is2x2=4, i FACTORS AND MULTIPLES 934. _Ust the common factors of 15 and 20 to find the GCF F158 ap, 1S=1% 15 20 =1 x 20 15=3x5 20=2%10 20=4x5 | 1 Factors of 15@, @® and 15 | Factors of 20:@). 2. 4,@), 10 ana 20 The common factors of 15 and 20 are 1 and 5, The GCF of 15 and 20 is 5, 5. Use factor tres factors, Hence 14 = 7 14 22 22 = x 1] /\ /\ | 2 x 7 2x eS tO express 14 and 22 asa Product of their Prime ©, find the GCF of 14 and 22, 2 — common factor The GCF of 14 and 22 is 2,Use continuous division to find the GCF of 18 and 42. step 1: 18 42 Step 2: 9 21 step 3: | 3. 7 +— 1isthe only common factor. Stop here. common factors Step 1: 18 and 42 are even numbers. Divide both numbers by 2.18 + 2=9 and 42 +2 = 21. Write 9 and 21 below each number. step 2: Divide 9 and 21 by3, 9+ 3=3and 21 +3=7. write 3 and 7 below each number. Step 3: The only common factor of 3 and 7 is 1, so we stop here. Multiply the numbers on the left to get the GCF. The GCF of 18 and 42is2x3=6. PRACTICE > Find the common factors of each of the following pairs of numbers. (a) 4and12 The common factors of 4and12are___,_ and (b) wie 20 The common factors of l6and 20are_, and FACTORS AND MULTIPLES 956. Use continuous division to find the GCF of 18 and 42. Step 1: 18 42 Step 2: 9 2) Step 3: | 3 7 +— 1\s the only common factor. Stop here. common factors Step 1: 18 and 42 are even numbers. Divide both numbers by 2.18 + 2=9 and 42 + 2 = 21. Write 9 and 21 below each number. | Step 2: Divide 9. and 21 by 3. 9+3=3and21+3=7,. Write3 and 7 below each number. Step 3: The only common factor of 3 and 7 is 1, so we stop here. Multiply the numbers on the left to get the GCF. The GCF of 18 and 42is2x3=6. ‘1. Find the common factors of each of the following pairs of numbers. (a) 4and 12 The common factors of 4 and 12 are , and (b) 16 and 20 The common factors of 16 and 20 are 6 and racTors ano auitipes = QS1, Usted below are the first 12 multiples of 4 and 6. Multiples of 4: 4, 8, @ 16, 20, @ 2.22 @ 40.44.48 Multiples of &: 6, @ 18, @ 30, @ 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72 12, 24 and 36 are multiples of both 4 and 6. The first 3 common multiples of 4 and 6 are 12, 24 and 36. To find the first few common multiples of 2 numbers, list the multiples of the 2 numbers. Find the multiples that are the same in the 2 numbers. 2. Is60.a common multiple of 5 and 6? Check by division. Can you answer the same question listing the first 12 10 ‘tem 12 multiples of 5 and 6? As there is no remainder after dividing 60 by 5 and 6, 60 Is a common multiple of 5 and 6. FACTORS AND muLTIPLES «= |.of 4 and 6. Find the Least Common Multiple (LCM) \metnoa Listing 9, 32, @. 40. 44, 4g Muttipies of 4: 4, 8, @ 16, 20. @: @ 48, 4, 60, 66, 72 Muttipies of 6: 6, @ 18, @. 30. @” nd 6, 12, 24 and 36 are common multiples of both 4a 12 is the least multiple. The Least Common Multiple (LCM) of 4 and 6 is 12. Wimetnoa2 Prime factorization 4 6 2x 2 2x 3 4=@x ; 6=- Bx +— remaining numbers | 2 +— common factor Multiply the common factor by the femaining prime factors get the LCM. The Least Common Multiple (LCM) of 4nd 6is2x2x3=12MV Method 3 Continuous division step!: Bh [4 6 Step 2: ~«—— | |s the only common factor. | Stop here. common factor remaining numbers Step 1: 4.and 6 are even numbers. Divide both numbers by 2. 4+2-=2and 6+ 2= 3. Write 2 and 3 below each number. Step 2: The only common factor of 2 and 3 is 1, so we stop here. Multiply the common factor by the remaining numbers to get the LCM. The Least Common Multiple (LCM) of 4 and 6 is 2x 2x 3 = 12. List the first 12 multiples of 3 and 5 to find the LCM of 3 and 5. Multiples of 8: 3, 6, 9.12, @ 18, 21. 24, 27, @, 33, 36 Multiples of 6: 5, 10, @, 20, 25, @, 36, 40, 45, 50, 56, 60 15 and 30 are common multiples of 3 and 5. The LCM of 3 and Sis 15. FACTORS AND MULTIPLES. 991OO curren s bi facto, tees to express 10 nd 12 as a product of their Pring Actors, Hence, fing the LCM of 10 and 12. 105 i 10 12 W245 2= gk i. Bi remaining Numbers / \ /\ | ’ 2+ common factor / / \ Multiply theo : LCM Prime factors 122 {2ctor trees to express 10 and 12 as. Product of their prime factors, Hence, find the LCM of 10 and 12. Step 1: 16 24 Step 2: 8 12 Step 3; anes Step: 16 aNd 24 are even Numbers. Divide both Numbers by? 16+2=8and 2422212, Write 8 and 12 below each number, Step 2: 8and 12 are €ven numbers, Divide both Numbers by 2, 8+2=4and 12. 2=6. Wiite 4 and 6 below each number, Step3: 4 and 6 are even numbers. Divide both numbers by2 4+2=2and6:2=3, Write 2and3 below each numbe. Step 4: The only common factor of 2 QNd 3 is 1, so we stop here. Multiply the common factors by the remaining numbers to gé the LCM The LCM of 16 and 24 is2x2x2x2x3=48