NOTES ON GUIDANCE CONTROL & NAVIGATION Dr. Yakup Ozkazan¢ 2000, 2006.Hacettepe University Department of Electrical and Electronies Engineering ELE 681/781, Navigation, Guidance and Control Fall 2018 Instructor; Dr.Yakup Ozkazang Lectures: Thursdays 9:10 — 12:00, Seminar Room Recommended Text: Tactical and Strategic Missile Guidance, Paul Zarchan, AIAA Press, 1994/2002/2007 Editions. Topics Introduction to Navigation, Guidanee and Control Tactical Guidance Methods Linear Analysis of Tactical Guidance Adjoint Analysis of Tactical Guidance Noise Analysis of Tactical Guidance Ballistic Missile Flight Ballistic Missile Guidance Dynamics of Aircraft Automatic Flight Control Systems (AFCS) Design of AFCS Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) Radio Navigation Systems (GPS) Integrated Navigation Systems (INS-GPS Integration) References Tactical and Strategic Missile Guidance, P. Zarchan, AIAA Press, 1994. Missile Guidance and Control Systems, G.MSiouris, Springer-Verlag, 2004. Modern Navigation, Guidance and Control Processing, C.F. Lin, Prentice Hall, 1991 Guided Weapons, R.G.Lee, Brasseys, 1998. Modern Missile Guidance, R-Yansuhevsky, CRC Press, 2007, Fundamentals of Astrodynamics, Bate, Mueller, White, Dover Publications, 1971 Automatic Flight Control Systems, MeLean, Prentice Hall, 1990. Aircraft Control and Simulation, Stevens, Lewis, Wiley Interscience, 1992. Automatic Control of Aircrafi and Missiles, Blacklock, John Wiley, 1993 ‘Aerospace Avionics Systems: A Modern Synthesis, Sioutis, Academic Press, 1993. Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications, Parkinson, Spilker, ALAA, 1996, Global Positioning System, Inertial Navigation and Integration, 2" E4., M.S.Grewal, L.R Weill, Wiley-Intersience, 2007 Jiwww.globalsecurity.org , http:/Avww.fas.org Structure This graduate level course aims a balanced introduction to the field of guidance, navigation and control of guided weapon systems. Every week a single topic will be introduced and discussed. Weekly homeworks will be assigned. Most homeworks will involve simulation work related to the topic discussed during the lecture. Grading will be based on weekly homeworks and a final exam,ELE FB\ — Navigition, Guidenor B Carvel, — alll 2000 200] 2002 — rtrd to NGC 36 — Methods of echcel Guiderce — Linear Analysis 2P Tactical Guielerce ~ Aotpixt Arolisit ated Guicleree — Noiye Avalyste of Techical Guicere_ Babbitt Missile Flight — Beblittic Mesile Guickree — Equations of Bivooft = Aadboetic Plaga Coubeat Systenis, = Design of Ares — Tdiok Nosigehon Sigkws oe yo Now on Sptems: seer os Heswieg tion sphems l° Tactical Missile idence. i ( et \ We will Sy Aree furdegnonterd uiclenca. actos pr Jecve2h missiles : - proportional neavtayaon Guidance - porsuil guidance — Comwush Ao Line ~0f- SyUt / Beam Riding Guilanea.. m Pasit S48 Lan ili) ; fete eeeeeye PP ae - oe il - tb a . a oo a%@¢ d a py: disse ten cate is poprravel Jo Cineaf- sight vetbe, fir: missile always head -for Yu tept's curred posites cro] BR: missile ts keyy en OS pehwerr the lemucher & He byt.Geneal Erpgemaitr Scommio (wo dinesional ) = Awo diaustovel, — pal masses + - wy emia | - ee ° * fee (Xm, a) mssile goition vedo Gy ye) Fargeh position ecto i (Va Yay)! wisi velocty. veoh (Ver May)! tage veloaly ved Va ie 5, L lesile. velodly sapiibete, Ve = Trg, 2 tape veletly opituclaGH: missile Alaelt path ole y v= + R: OVA fegd fight pom oye, pos ter ( ue of opt ongle,, = tea’ (RE ) ~Xn Xu = Vx She = Vey. ue Vax Se = Mer Vos fillet ) contirk | Sag = Sy Ne eeeae t aishubberce | pe 02) 's) ;a @ 7 Purpose of guidenca. is to apply appopiarke cecoleetms do the missle sock that roe from tepdete-aissile BA) R = ke) + (yenye)" qe08 jo Fue (or Ao a swell vedue} in fini be times Tn gewell commadad, acceso wre Ioe a frcton of all stele vailolas : a = Lm ey Bee Maa Vag Meg) md. Ong fe heres Has Ya, Vor, ng Vax, “+y ) ~ Lek ne be He reutecle of re accelerrhon applieat fo Sue misale: ne = Toe Any ~ We va two bagie albmahves for opply tye vie b hnissile : pre & true cow'ah . “a fe Ne ce 3 7 pce. conv2l | tree contrall .© - Tr pre costed, Ne is epplieck porpualteuler/nsrmel to Hho mtesile velcihg veehr (Vix), ~ Tn tne conteah , Ne is cyplieck popuchen.(en Jo lise vf set ake (a). J Pure. Coniral is more realistic, i} is ecsier To ph mot — we cobrll is shdlted exlersinel fh VWewhine becouse ib ypelle more Wedhhle metthemabical formuledtors . — pure contol TS applet norwell te Va, Merce mepuilicle. of Vor deg wth conte, hb onlay roteles in space. Pure. Cotta : ng = —nesint Ong = Nos t True Cod : Que = 7 Nesiad Ong = yusa© Rroparhoncl Naviepahion’ Guidance, Ta auc navreehion spictenree j comnaded cccekerhon is ~ poprhonal Ao fane-of-syht vale : ae Ls fine of sit rake | cleoing vebcity. cousin covstatt (-5) (ng= Vw) > gad 2 ~ The i The fist Apebiced uvclonce. lew wsbricelly Serclopecl peal wesileg, Wis wes easy ype olnee A ach Ve ze natereL axdputs of working, rcders. ~ qh wsebe sookus (suck 25 aR), Ne can ke. edtimetecl om can Yeah oh a coset. Clesiy velects, (Ve) | v. 2 -&, eee oes |Shaw ter : eM ND) (aera ei (i -He) + (yey) ce de ten! (doe a) (neta + (gags) Pirsuit Cvidace- Ta pouty grdence, label. accarerchan commncl IF poperhaul Ao lead eagle (Ajeud) weer i da fle betwen Abe. wince veldily acl WS. No= K(A-T) Alezoh eens i cieatet NATAL E--@ ae = isi a) Aree af Vv tee K (a=) = k (429 (SEE) - 4 (=) ee pursatt sidarce can be cyplied io pure [tre forms , ~ TE Atee x => pre cack Woe cova couvegee to sebuho Cnvals,. — Pyrsnit guidence. ‘8 used Mail ia frst penestiions ot laser guided Loubs, ( pawevey 1, ) ~ Tinileck vee. a gust” wrtclae 15 latecl b te defbeukt of- Susinp. The. lech oft (A). 7 a AAD te dour quidrat cleteobr “provides lt of cto re swodl“.S Gidece (cod / Boom Retry ) Yee *h : Bo ‘ Be ye : Re ve\ \& iat cee x Sika! : . Ne K, (8.7 Sx) (cLes) Nee Ky Ra (er )@® Rete S10 (8,-&a) = cee tee Qy,sin (@y-Qu) * Ne = Ky (Or- Sa) (cLos) Nee KaRmy = Ka Ry Sin (O-- 8x) (zr) T OQ. tea'( | Oye tea’ (‘#2 ) Clos is vse Ww shod to medion missiles witha seokws e.g. most abdak missiles wel wn, sorfece--4o -al- missikg, CLOS can be ‘glaseseak oy, posive [active tracey syle = ER js ast 50 common ,luat iF Is inplanedecl Yo some swfeo te iv swiss (eg: RBSA2, ams). 1S ‘nglaunte Br, eer Ra ( dig wor te the ben) Sewer or en active Wrecleseg. ole ck The jrovnck (she we vusch Ra). — ph7o, swede dir -dtferse missile.X= Vox Yan Vax ‘Sm = Noy te i Wwe X= we me Mx Gre Vey gee Vay Vow = ~Nesinr Ng Me sind Ning ne os Veg? Newst Ny = OMe Vag the Nig = Oy Nay = Ary ne= NYA PN n= K(a-%) Porsuit he = Ki (8, -8x) eos nee ky R819 (@-Sm) BRSensors Ws a |» 4 2 ig (de) | Pursuit : (a-¥) & MM xu esc) Rov Ache. Teckig Ray Fass Pah er : Seg on mics Saser Oe3 Numericed Soluhor of Ordlineng Offoetik yee) Vexth) = Vow » VG) = My Vag h) =O » Mey f= 0° Tws fs te pomieosd club, chop wich we Unezrne be guiclance- equcthons .Consiclar ec fail choca ar eq heaton encounter: tai) cle heecl-on => a: small > X%- Xm = RK a (6; smell ) den ga = Fe (sankl) Yo= Ven =? ye agen Oe Ya Mey 2p nee ~ Ne = Nya ne Core nef Kath chase Vay ta Weck: on aat(S)x % a= ter (ace) Orde Et Xin Xn te Nye 8)= Huy as by dy 0 4 R R wd rae oe ms RU)= Ve(te-t) Bh) Aoneerizeed PN Cuiclence dy wewnics4e= Zs ge = %e ; = a ae bey Yebe 2 Veg yt a= RS Gm ee Tee ee jay sem. Nole Het, Linceixect PA qqudtiog is ca LTV sxprem Rireziration of Pursuit sullerce: Werdton/zi| clogs = A: sual, F: srsebl=Ye-Ya =D Gee ema pre _ § Neer ect ce av Mme = Amy = { ce = ne = Bl } cs 4 { A> tea’ (Ss am Be Ye AS xe XO OR a p o Mo bes’ ( Sea) x Me a at Naw Vinx Naw Wye des feed ge ick PVE Now on Je$e we dee re ie Nay Veex Vn = Se- ge = ae Me 2 47 K(a-%) jee fe KE _ ae ei)K ~ + aoe = Wr Kinearzod : gpl owen. qquation Rf) = Ve(4g =), aytVr headl-2" Yur Vr + dea\ - chase. gra 21 aye By ive E Ye 2 a, =~ Haka, eh rks Va Vata |_|? \ et a) Crees ae es sf] SG) aquohon » agra. coper Tmrn Are, Laavirenl Nate, Hot , Hers PN svicheace- qpustions. Ginovination of LOS Cuichace Seam Riding : ee de Jo Ha = Me = Kiye-ds) = Fede * r= fem Kalgerte) = ge “ageGat Ne = eeteaié §iB, ~n) 2 Me Ky (Aq-On) KAS 0 Yn Ate teat, Cras K BIL stnehyjre Ce siuilie- ) BR: fime-inverd , CLas : hme - vayiyLinerrycl svidtnce ne + Ete aE Nerd erent AM » Ws Yet Gay Ye mo yr = de Se ; gra reg ee e5 ae) Va of ans. *) _} Ye * ee Ye = Oe wR Ye 24 a He AWN vurlaless in hase. epechdus are- prbbetin voriebes j hog re assoment te be. smell evarch. Au thege equedtion we velel fr te [0.te] Bia. Miss distance = 4 (te) & Porgose. af qpiclenar cheeirn is ho Mele enaquahscke ot- ye Ge es small as possible. ubiLe. loeping Ne ( accebstion conn) bovudocl .Ee eiaee eae von: memevarrine, cheepot ( 7 °) ~ Me, de + ye be * aay 9 = 0 N ye = (+-4p) + Co(t-~te) ‘s a sobton, B Cy ee cashaly eloypuscliy vyen vache condilors. Netetatt Yr (tel=° We. Une thor; p= Yer Ne = re (worsen ge = EMMETT (Mele & (set 7 ie| Mw we Wed t 4p MDM DMD 2@3) Mone pve ig tpt { p= or) ic ANe Nve Ye + eesti wns” zm oF aR (et scolar) shy Het: qe Bf ee] |= Mio < M2 Ue Note tied, fr PO accelertion ctumerc) sahomieehee Mcrenges, wit bine da etomne Wey dot Cate. docvectee ullh fre ty wu meverni day ee - Na d-5 is a feasible choles.Bisete fable A Prout piclowe + a Yet see eee EEC Perea yh pay © OFT Nat Ais equthion Is diffeult to seve. Goa ever or rence. wre manevserdy Tepe me fo Bh skeuts cnaliyfited, golefion cen ee ce 4 we ES & oe oe ee ee we Tes Say | dey elt) = as (tr) % 7 ca bee s CH) Vatg @ te co (t-tp) Bi [) Ci) i (wt) ay " we) = |S s w 7 7 Yau gelke) = (40+ be |Sinece Aoclsy of 9S Seiehes-* we. Ae Ye c Mt > a ‘ : ” ‘a yet Kars ge C4 Kole ost: due lay y ody eriphelly sk... Be: We = Key Modificel PR yee Kaye + Eager r te a te 9 4 se RASS Ky + Mearfiecl BEs Yo Kart Kpye = YeCLS + \ \ Ve Ae (2-8) es a I Pa | Ak f Se. Clos le ue to py) ms ae Sy : vrs oS nisstle caypto 2h al ae Medafiert CLOS : : 47 rE Pe Madifieel COS 2x Becca Aika Poli CLS? Balt) (nase) 0-9) abe he MeasureSeeker & Aipit Corded Splo. Aynamies 2 eo. icorptaheod iyfto bye molds PNe a “ty ie he Poisuits \ S S —_— seal) © cst | a Gee = or se G3 +! Se Quy + boneAekppint Aelusis ef Svidace As we wave sen Before, finecitec! guidence. equectons, are Cineae Time veying wodels. Fe LIy systuas , adkpiad enalysis js ex pow fll techie. for sensitivity onalysis Consider a bnew Hive. veyinp system oe = AUxtt) + Balt) Y(t) = No yt) = C(H)xtt) act sty Then, We ( wool fied ' ackpiat system usgocted with The guowe LTV austen 1S defined as & = A(ap-t)2) + Cte) aG)= Bet)2d) ogk Sth> 4b) Origine Syslem ms 4 1H) as i = oe 7 Ret) (eee Pokpinr Subem KU = Glbstedhe + «Se z)Ble)ueiete f= ee * unfduinyeounde 7 X29 D> yes (cwde,e)sle)ulade aoeers vat. also Kino , yeh = Jn. z)ulz)de => [hens eee ced =) Be) <) Bz) 7 a | wm) ~ 7 “Th,® One can shaw that (See Failed), the iapodlse fesponse & te cucfpeiet saskem (hed) fs de | hate) = Cp =) A (e-e, tet) SUE) | A) Comparing. be) & (k) 3 we how ht,c) = Walters tet) | 7 Adtgotat maduls cen clio be doleinecl by using. bok alegre menipaleations . Tn oder V2 olstam tte each Ret madly — convect all pats to astputs crol all a-|pats igaats ” — keyese all sipne flow : separating nzdles neque Summinp junctions k view Wess = teyese the Hee : (tr Ue-#))a oe OE (ye¥)-3 e[ted-alee* Lt Be Ugtyte* 2) p34 fo beth ](t | ileal [3- 1 ett” [ae wn 2le i) le feds AWS NH, Yrs capt), rast) uy oo hI tet 2° |@ Naw, suppose, we west do codeglete He rea ponse. Gh) which is due tow step Aapalt applied at t=t, Ltvs alt-te) —| hte) yh) oi ; a : to i + ou x yi= Shite) alee = fale) de 4. t 7 Salted te a dles-ax Rete tpte = Fate e Jrate. pt) dx agte Ag-t Apt > 14Up)= \ aelx, aes | . dyte ' 4 (p= freee Es [ates eda | — oe difficett- Ae Pke, eusy 12 clulemce, Sher wa weech duce, we ety vocal Wye) fer ey Melxs0) Ulich, canbe, Adtznech lan sige ron!Apylitzaar to Hommp Logs : Consider PM eyvickenoa. : 2692 Vole) ge Ups exlealofe: Fe os “elishree fig) weer due 40 a skp input apyhed to je: Samer tf gelte) = Jha (a2) 7 © | halts 2) Ty TH Mya “epee he capond sythan (yet | apbent ab t=2) vets : 1 | |. —_ ey) {-Me seePal wt 60) @ % ce Cae halt?) ete} " = ete =) ie +) NVe le ucth) odlyant the | Arve to- 92 AU pat tne 2K \ghs caleulehe — ods axhoea, dur te Ye (2) sa) [ve] oa get) = (4,2) Ve t [a = a) 3 Mv) ba eeSiena we cen imcorporeke her dithvbacer,. Sih at Yel?) gies clue to dele) ass date yl?) [a ao! 5G) ao lal Sey jt so — gue gihk (y\+ le) +ferfemvene. of CTV Syston vider clade nishe distur bere : dk) ——> a s| UTVS 4(t) At) ———> @ co 4 (dit) = Dls) a") —s[o@}—> yon Y | deh se) —sWp}—>|_ LTS |—> ytt)=hit,2) go [Ro] —> h(be) = hal yehte-2 42) | MEAL EH aR, 7 ys h{ie= Meal glh) << 95) 4th — <—foe) AOSTA 5t) . —— SNSTEAN : iC 40) =U (Amab, ABAT) = Bly)= BAe) E (Ax) E(L)= OEMs = Ae a = Bly) - )= safer gta 1 e@ey fay, 6 (AK 4b Amy) E (Al molab-m ) = oe w\OSM) = RECO Ww) uyjAle AAT boy ob~ Oadom pocsses | xC) F(we)= RMS H), foes SEO) te clemine. cx fed piseesS » We ed EGE, E(x xy), FAO). *0H 2G) Correlakton Purckions: Bo (har) 4 EUG) dy Gre? E(y0d9)) Pug hee EX Gy td) F(mty= £%) : by Gute)e Bex ha) = = (xEAG\42)) = Peele) by rr be lemt = Mle) Paar Spee 4,0) 4 Ro) See dbyle)2 FG.) = 3 Nis Dralwsye™ ing = E(XB) = . Go ved (joeWhite Noise: ye wile wate Ay (titi )= ASG) Bax (w= Bie) Fate) Ak fe) vhtte noite \ (gd | Pus?) Ke Markey at | -#lel it Bx 7 oe! ( Bectu) |= = ~ x(t) ——> tee yd) Aye) = rye) hte) By) = Bye) He) Fagle= ale) He) Bryle= B,, ee) i [ ay et Fw) Hes) = a we) [Be You)a Hw) X(w) uv ut \Ytw))" z (He XL a trated tl ereareee coe \.Poncho Siracks Modly oft See x(9) EME xO) radon cows bt K=O, (2): ferclane gh eeeiaiace Ww Ss : Ve Lq-> x4) mek process a n-petw Gi Expy mak lhy : (Nota. mdaliip) x(4) pana sedeniine Syac(e)= E(x@)xlH42)) (noua ying ) Pucl2) Pen (2) —> Dw) wile 1 G,,(w) xt) wore %, (w= Bele) | Blo)” AWiener- Cintelwne teoree ,4) Applivation to _Guictence : Her) ia ach) x4) Wye) yu) i bile wise. Cinaesr Tae -vergiy system UD: wit wd, SD ehenlahe: EO) x: ElxtE)tG) = Ale) § Et) x yale gltd= | xcednthe ee & i + Blgen= B( Sx Ial-e de (xteghtcdeer ) t =% Suu ana E (Wladetendde der ~22-08 An = $4 anor Ue dh eats )S (eee) dhe dee MW A 2 (dteyh ade e(giiy= feo Oae ~2°arpal_ vert ic ad coneat | (sine Mvelver vers) @ yt 20. ) sey Je) hie) Halos} ey) n(tyoleha(t,2) (etpid Bt!) y fs eS fork h(t, <) RO Ha 6) Se ape NS ped - 5) Seyieo fee] Wl edate) (sy) = Seer Gcdde = (aos au Ae zi = (ihaltee redhae = [Ge 4) a, on ee | EW flo.0.05™ | rT) ahepih % \> eWty)) + separ Naean gr of Nahe (20 reas ) uo 2 uo ——>} LIvs EY) uy —> # ue uli vdee, buy (e)= Hoge) Pay(tyr.) = &%(4,) 8(4,-t1 ) aca) as Ce ale) 1 = goo) a (4) 2 fa Ge yo) : : are eree / £ (gl) = E(yMe))+ F(R) + - VE (yi le) Non white, seo noigeg C2 e- codullleol ap + x So. Jn A “ae rei Coveronce. Avelysit KM)= AGRE) + BA)WH) \ yl) = cA) 4s Aero. mec, white wade i Se (wi)wS)) = QU) §4-s) aaa & P(4) = (CAD = OU) x-mas) Coven tren, cake | Ge cen be shaw ted ; ey Ate) + RDA) + BIH QO)EY) | PlA)= P. ye ce xt) => 8 We COVP.G\EO) Ur gcd Bo, Elwwil< QKe) 4ate : ct 7 po APA + $28 . Ar hyuibh > Pla)=9, OF ARS + Baie eae (ees a - Pg? Chaedafena oy, if ts Ts white with spel chuwly 3 &(w(t)wis) )= 3 8(+-5) 4 foo aetscl : vs i 7) oy E( M4)) 2 Soh (tclde x 4, aedebt-r), Lis He alt) £ ~2(4-2) E( MS) = atic Toe - “pt eum hee eee 4 a ; “<7 og By): $ ei Owe cusey acd locas Paar sv + 2287 ae 15) eras 3 Pa-bpopt+aesy = 7 Pp tr 4 Xe (4 => plt)= yl + (2 GO 2 ae ° \ a> avy Oa p= 3 0. i * \ oO TSee) ste REQ Be PN avidee Wop. ator . : [ a at , se PPE AES | Ze) jf (i Ale) +80 dale sy & a4)a) More Cele Shuladion y Ackgatat- Shaler ©) Coin. Alf shyHoke Gi Ballistic Missiles Faapes oft Fle - = faeseoh Flgct/ Bosshige (qpidewe oyplel of Mc fue) = Free Flap Crmebe the efter of you'y.) te — Keevg: (wich fhe effard of grevity, + ahncsy ve.) t= OFFR Ku sypttny exsuinphiong + ju clmawiont spherical aadh. Efects of at nosy bane, doltemass & cat phon will be dagorteA ab Ws skp. X= Vw Me eft mass ge ms missile Muss Vy = ay ——— Ny = Ay a fe ce fie, Fe Mon ee Om t (ts yD Vanesa sqrt free Fy ar Fand : 7 Cy = -F osm Sans? ha = 4° eye Vig qe cgi | ae 7 Pyyayle ae (Hap) ee ge : ~9Mx Man Ree ean Sy a te 3 x (nay in Ge) Gay - ‘ vy Se ieee Sy gk = 3.926 x 10) 0/5” ae (tug Se.2 Bellitic Wisse Gviclnce frivodele : c TE we give pope inbyal colitis Ye We masile (X5,42,Vo,Yo) Ha missile will reticle boo dafveck jpsihyn Bete) at = speaec tees Flight oof ti LealUtin issil f= = ve He, Ke Af #4 8") (eoetre ony J (yh 9) a ke gw, pa =F 2 SV (costal fore fielel) He bells + mers) : aie Ht a Xs rose = xaVy se Pc0Sa - Hse ya rene => 9 %ae fistoa + rose 8 SS ke bale > seme na") e- W+v (obe eps ) Buus - Logrenge Faucher : ee) dk 4 eq Le L(qa) qe geraelireel carckecker | 42 (5°)Ke doles ra) 2 K(r,8,7,8) ve tgMm _ V(r,2) 7 be KH UlN&ea)s Kav = ben(e et) + ohm 7 % Me A M5 t aq 7 aac dt @e or ~ A'M_Beo ar 9a De” au 2. Mun nea - 2. ae. er rr 7 or a au 7 (eRe Oo, sae mre A A 3° > A (me) (ers oath 20, abana AB = 2 oe oO, rh a as By (te) ~ | o\=o, n[ared + re we |= eaqule vnwlem » ve M To toot oa . eee a s ot whdn in poler caorcliroe Qche 4+ CG zocMeale Het ee snout) E> dm(ete eat) - oa (And out) ore covgenyeal. he. Bea?» dé, Us sole for parla) (outs) ro-re+ 2 20 Ww yA da. ou, oD Spe Fae = da sda dr _ Or ~ dat = = -Lac_ dh > nae Gh = oe ed wae. de A de Cr) py dL ahshows a a(a)= 2M n ek? aon ¥ = Q + ecos|(& 7 - - pe Cs )) i = pee ae e=0 circle e rev te ee surf Ve = 54 om/soconel cx 10.3 ku (see - Eo dave - ot Co Po = (eV ,c0S VTroa cos | - cosa + Acos%cos (2 +%) nu \/: de iio veith : e=(i4+ ala-2)cos *; ) Pig eM _ tit Squcchim ete BA (1+ e 00s (8+8,)) re) p> Pr = Po . c@, = Veces 8, eI Seth 24-84) ae = (4 ecos( )) ney ~~ = gM Qe ~ rie) = (1+ 200s (Se 2,)) etue claerlanas @ BY = reese (a4 ecos¢ | I a= cob vedivs © eee p = 3 wm i+ Oe (1+ po 9) west | a ca fae a MN Veg {Stems a4 7?Tne of Floybt p= CA (cotest) =Aa Pp 2 a(t we Te pee ye dt= g rhea = F > Te ae gl (i+ ecas (0703) 3 ST pa ee eee Hee ap (14 €c0s(@-®))~ 4 Tap” oc (g4F 7 (V4 ecoseyt 0 SIVA Fy ovk Vo glee pr oie be $s 4,Guida. of SLlahe Missiles Guidant ey v te (Xe, 4) intiod pol tro fe Gecge) fuel pete 4a Vz (wiial) velerly meyui ucle. % = Cinisel) liga pate ¥ ‘oll ole. wperatt Fe a 0 Yl 8 ac dls of earn = 6398 ku Lecloot’s Prablem + LV FI rN, 8) =o @) V-4(f,,0) =? a) te 9 (forle Solve. VQ) sysleu. doc He two vnknwas Vt. eee eet 1 (e) Ke i E&)= : @) de (x) uae oe et) + (2 | & Yo) + N.O-T. ox Fl%) | (x—%e) Xo© -) { (x-¥5) Cs [fh Se [26 Jeo.) % 4 oF € Xoay = x [SE] Pew) x n slot wih cn inital esate %, rl Hercite vu WXe-Xnall < &- Fe Geto Ts Enon of Neuslan Raphson awtted Aoc Tro solutln, of ma\neor sols of epuottions. Altlegh we ory Aes gerare. onetacl are adubo. o€ (V0) tos (1,2); THe ts 2 onucly Mone of ficken Heche methacl » we ah ete \- vos An Bfficienh Lambert Rutine : ~ sb+ with (Vpte. trees ) t9,Ce, So ~ Wh Ae Tosin> Smey v ) 2 £( at Tete, Vo, %) Vp = 4,5 ,@ BE 40> tps (V. v) View,« « Voos( T- (47-8) Vuh = Vow (T- (40"- 2°)©) Se ere eae ee ve tee (teo-t) Nae SMe = No aq = taruh veh 2 apy\ieat te avsolle Nope: = Mianb ag = Vay ; A be -eainech «enter vebily Vg, = Lex, Yay | : velocity Ao be ae , Vigus on fy y= Mew = > Vn : anc Ve \ \X Oy = (orl \ Nex + Vay© wre thet a + Oy = lay) : — Wr loathe, can be. inaplennteod ty vecorg Daa thst vector. ied Stop She Yosh [a,) whim \ygll Is smell, je. wher Vy Vib. x= VK Osetia: 7 , ; ax ax %& = SR 4 lan SEE ay Tigh gt vy = ME ng eu] Vay, 5 ai (ray y >. { yet Vay? \Wa\\Q —quiderce Tn Lama Cuiderce, to cakoulhe ror velaly vy), we Veet coupute. (Ves) ewbte veleecy oul , War Men ba difficukh +o rappin Ty rect. Tee. Qaapiclence ir a soliin: de Tes repletion yellow | Vg i ~ Ag, - Ay al) = | or Tyial Q(t) webriv 5 copiteck oy fe powell yereck : OR lim. \ar\ etiaeney nett att aren acl ‘str t we + Vgywey Ne “ a ere \0| ae co Wye Naw? v larch ‘38 A igheser Nax Neg = aan Nyx = AN aye = \ee\ a Neg = es, Yon ~ Frergy — \ar| Nae QW = oo (x oe Cores x 7/2. hewn ® Mote : Mu) x oe oe we ty soe: Bit & Shrivastee Tec, (NW, p Q nettle far ew corel proall Galeh= cons X(Q) =X => (x(edt+b x (4p) = % 32-3 >: g= oh bk +O ylade wo => kts A oy | xa) > EO Jy + ue iee Or Pd Bi o “hey a 4, Arfines Meted te liernie 24) (ttn 16K) Q's ale as @ 2 al c= (2 | Allee O. Cranial (x49) ge gel, fore Fold. [® (44a) \ Gr (G9)Lip Xe (worth) ye [doum) * (ext)@) [xoy, 2]: locaton of ciivoedt cum. in cost veg. froma [uve wi: boely uxis Velecines [eeo4¥]: fod, pik, yaw ( Sul ogke of cred) LK,Y, 2] 5 seedynamte “proes LLM, Bs ell pile. yew wornarts (raves ) hy 2D” Ne (7th) ~ > horiaan (aya) Se —> a : (ue) Se 7 (4,6,+) a , KN (eer) KeK(GeSr, Garbo mvieh)@) aX Fy (yeu) Top view~. - ~“ @ Viregoncrtic. Bquebons ( velecihy - position reluhiws) uy Sel 2 Tats Vv Bo = cy -Sst 7 oe? 'ss Hie Tye |e och? Tezjo 1 2 | Tel? ag ] Oo 4 S28 9 cA 0 sf od ct)zustd, s0e8"O 7 AOI, tan é é \ sind eS P oe ee usd - sing Q = 4 4 Oo ang asd c ose cose yoke tet px small, fee > p= P par = waecrusercl oy qrale qyios e=4 alhipreok clo yy > over. ye CcDynconie. Eaucthor (veloalies - forcee reluhin) = K - mgs = y + mgcash @) wy Fmd + mC qu - re) oe mes (ue pw) = a + mgcocd — Tse aa LYON rm = one am p= 4) T: thst farce , €: ole ehuerr Yhvust col Xp [Assuming aya, werd. % axit) => Taye Tye = Tp + Det + (Jad ar + Heap 7 Iyq + Getder + del) eae N Te + dye p + (fy - Se) 9p — Dear ie | [ru = ow +p | contention off oli rainAtheck & Flip Patty Anglag (av w} easly, a. pi L—sskbslip ope | 3 oyle + atheele Forveck veloey-us Veoscxcos ve Veososin & wos Vink RA vou a Flzbh fey oles 8, A Kp= VeasveosA gre Voostsiea ay =-Vsuey ub+ vre ut te! (— ) (2) Uta vail cinaye +5" (Y%) Nau a= | a a v2, ga We Me@® Steady. Wiys-lonel furs 9, $a, bso Sealy Tornig flight = $,2 20, } shmede 49 Steals, pull-vp : 2,4, $52 @ = pull-w rate xO a B,ps0, droll kee Skedy Pochilinady: Flt abe WHO => (ap 2 eonkt) p45 eee (8,4 + cons!) f= o(wiys lvet) te From dane eytrorg 5 oct shee neatehder TYuit: o = K- mgs + Tee ' ost o-Y i o= M o=2 + mgce — Tse \ oN Assuminp Wert) Ku (drei &) & | (Pea DK OAR bi wig apm we can Dneine the ctyenwed quotes clap skrely tectilines- Furl. Grau deok fh + efucchiony Aacduy\o. We yiodladl ork lated) eyLowatudiad Euahot of cin @) a x X FH = XN Xw 7 Hee gee |} a ce Tye a wf | 20 By, Uc -gsSo ||” - 2, Tye 5 4 My Be My o q i, Oo Oat \ oO 9 0° hoe WW, g,@ we dauedins fom War epiiorivn values De, d+ Mey = (ey Ma Bo 3/2 Ue sleoly site vedas of 4 Xy = | y+ Tah [m A= skech tek vl of 2 QA ey Be, Mey Tere SHbally, darachar : Ao? ox Suumore = Sew Su Sh x ~Sv + 48e See clamber cbfllou. a See Macette cefiilion :Coe eet ee u Yq =e 2350 C No Nr Ny P Ly Ly uy é a a + ~ rheog "| [:: a Wt + No Dyn Soa lm afte Sy = cular cftio cB °o Oo ° Jy q, vo r a Yee A By, | Gots. o 9 & &® Neural Laitudinell Mohens Bp. fore specie. gered cviothan edreraft (Sees leryson)) ab Yas HK fibee ee w lay 00k 0 ~onf 4 a 26° |e j-9ae 20% 1369 Hw a ony S46 2.42 4 a ° 2 1 °|le uw in Wise, Pe ee i colfpe § G: raol/ Ste 20,68 : Sy f xeAx , A(Ae ~2S8122595 ( short: poral 9 mek) ae £0237 (qhagid oracle.) 7 J Ssee oo K, ick SA y len per gruspict: slow but weg Veit deped nate Ted: short pertock ; velshg psker ool if more. ol y ~2str a Ae ws AK = 2k short pod x0) ~0.0F awe payee (2stt+®) at cs. (2U3t + *) xe Ae = 24 See& 0.2% “ae one Wo = ast -076-08F 2 |p ? 408 aa 950-7 ||P a a o } 2 o eqevdoy = -2,533 , ~ 2.008%, - O86 #3 2.37 eee emerge eee Nee rol) wool spiral melee duitels vole. spiel ermal degen toll: ea Suey dike, toll + wedorte. esp + oscilla =a 32,008 0, bE “aie Ae + Be + ce cos (2p3e+% ) f olk spral Ae coll kc hy, Wi xX, = eee asscoderl wd « wee. TF etgenmatar is compan , Yale iis bel pt chseve Te accural motion aeseciztcal with tne moda.Aretrooos. Clyde Conall Petonohe Cut Cone Bests \ Lowjituduwh Aubgilats Loygriwelunct chpuates of Abvion ab sen teuel arr Ve 176 H/ie0. w 0.045 0.084 9 ~23B)1 y o \\ Se w 90330 -2.02 96 O[|w ~0.222 2\\ 5 3 + i 4 omy -396 72-98 0 || 4 -n 0 a °° ° ) ef ag 0 41 be ered (0.01008) Ayo oahpuls ceveesr IS WR chge Ge aie 8 peeok AW 41.768 Celeb rate) Xa Fra Gu ye We + LO Shedeaty - Stile Cowl: Poe lee Z>> Ws)=s aGr- e+ L -\ (sk fe eT)a 6) \_ the) Hels) Yu) Yels> 7 Pals) Ye (sy vals) Ysl2 Ms) AIS) , wre He) 112) ‘| _ [Haley Hrela) ][#l) ine ~ Taye) Wale) || 72 Pihel, Redo Shobity Anais. Splem 1548) a= . fc Sa. Aion 2 Fret —SE—| | dyveomes | poteeh ey s\ort- 5 9 Arend cypetion = ope ee a= Fr mesduved Me ede gyro. Ho) wu)—_— Aypeetly = WMS) epee se = € ot Rey + & jv choose, Koss system s wll clageah itetr Motch syskems /eudeerlet— Bek CHinlo Pale, Ave Ayr ae - jersey h: weaguvel Arona edhude- / INS We -w t+ VeURN : maccsveedh wilt cie-specel BesoTUS Glia Patt Coyleck Canirah wa Set [evo with Tek 2° “per ae Ts maswrel from gptte. pote reel ee +i'(\% ) x Ag. As V(C428) = Fighh pom ale = a-% Az Ya oy2 25/pn3 «A 2° * RB)= Al) ve a. he) ~ ee ->-_-o_— ae —> Ye Wr witl= he => Leth | UF WijaSm, c= W052 | Yes otFlora. Cortraller Lote Pujuh Contol Systems Nant lodeet. Dynconies ot IF nor facng Va 22! ft/sec. 02s 7.36 9 2 |l vo o oly I] it a. aH 08 9 corr ~6 = i Se r aot 2a ~24e ? |] Pp a ie 4 a) ° \ ° g ° a y ~ Kege8. gz Wo+v (4) Sa —> [> ¢ &e —> >»A Aubyilot vt x a g £ 5 7 b € uel “ Wey? i Sa qed Poko | K, | oot |Winy Lavelle / Beale. Are Crntoh System 4 ° ne > mr + (s Rotten Splon Sida Slip Suppression syle:Side Slip Sipressian Syshen Steacty Tera iu Re motives of TH 2 Ye (bieantte) at vetean (2 ae i J bove ope, voll a 52 fs contripshel ree ; a8 3 0.254 “136 0 0,320 |f y Oo ol2K a dg 6 206 ~976 a3 2 r nar “8 Tg, ? =} go, 2.1% 810 oe p\t lea ue $ ° ° ) ? d e090 ° ° 8 Sq eile cle Sv ° ; 8 ° on Tbr s+ 0.22246 + 0,16 Se eee x6 030 TP 2 olds [Sq 0396 0 J 2 leet ee |] bul 4 ut ° ° a o<@ Cordmbed turn ea > BHO, Ay= © a by t= aH (side sly ole) pee : A coordi tan congenitval susie (conshed ‘beet Tjek tide abating Cveghy Yat) fro Sige sxe nid — vhuns Lae ravi chon heb #Aes aldo 7 I | | ee | ( Sea aslo asetlos Ther } ion yeu vulduflsor Tei. 4 eee Wi ame a eee Ke haa ds ra (“4 “(RRA | i fot ee ee fay” ae Jeb — LA Lager =f. Rouw a=W N w Roll Stobilsation enisoila QO Sy le &2 ein 8s ¢ 83-8, lee carved wise fe be coPi [twr MA Acclction Ayla: On: oa meosned fiom accalaheley 3: mecsvecl fom We gyre ce: vengpneel Form ole Latheele sover 0 SHS \ coh cute Naa leop (off cu 9) mou Aeceesstng te Propitaand, Meili Gottbue. Cored : 4, be ede. eR Riye SL 4e—| ww + m arf Ae sabe O. a |< | abitGellirhic Masile Coabrell gpidore2. leap + Op? Mecgy reak by aus gpider contral : with’ soll ayle of Hecke apt <— fom anniek Q util = br shdilneliag of oye Af tack. a ough = Br gurdence comuaeh S = thw vedboricg comwerchm4 How dutty Carol Sistews,, (Linu Qcbéhe. Reon) @ ka ea Gu ‘t ye Mx+bu i a, system E> a soot £ Gyr tye aaee chose. stole falcle. fins sh. ast Is Ada el wa -KX x= (Fee Gk)x e K ye MX ae LKX choose of wai in wworWvicte Ay ~ nox (YF) Ki ~ ona (ub)Wt B= B+ UAL R= A+ ABU “1 Fo. &- CBLYKM Sue Alpubrie. Precotiges &. (are ) $e s See EEE Cheeta ot O=2-SF -SF —- MAM +SGBGS 1 choose. ee oe Se SK. Holck & Sysens a 4 ped ox Weber ou Jeg e et UB, u Yo,e Mora QCA) Lo =} Main elevenBromplot : Clim-Retle. g Aicspasol Coral dar Navloa (v= 1y6 ft/s.) & out 0@36 2 -O:327 | y o 4 Se cu) | e370 -202 - i ~0282 J I5, ’ = ia q ayy 346-288 4 “9 ; 2 & a 2 jell ee E = Ce clade coltie ha -wtVve = nwt LEO ke avsperh = Mx la ye fu a ae ie ah o-\ 0 196 \lw [ob =? 4 e Wee mM n~ wk god (yg + a'Ba jolt as [® * A=('o ce s-[ %, | a 7 T= 3 {pes We Sot age jakee B= 8, ApA, Fok al se 9 = -st-s- MAM + 8666's (See a) a! ie ka B(cam+c's)= ges Ke 01343 O64 -2,.1087 1 P 0.466 —0,0071 AOU 2.019% We “KX te~ Xa FK+ SH ya(-6¥)x = May la a bor ws “Kx Xe lope opudecir of S d= KS% idea Irold with S45 = ye cose © acky J@ Bonk Aye &_silo-foee SKS for Melson 0.2% N36 0 0.311 ffs a onealle e are -0+6 -O.3T 2 Cc -0,2t -$.6 |] 5 + » |= mL p qa aa thon WP ne . w ’ a 2 1 s 4 one << a eer e c Pole. age = é Sida. force = Oy ~O,255\F + 0,105 Se a o °° o we il Sey oF (1 lu. o O6 ° c {4}? OM ge °° , 4 eaKa Per Su ya Mx +lw => 4hsie His )e(s) ws ~KK46 =! Ys, 9 cWwor Sls) = SHE) , Gb)= a %9) Tne ted Movapadion Syplems ob f science. oF debeminied tle location of- a vere. Trae Nawieehen : Nowigettion Lpaseok on Martel mroguats aceeleomtles (fo Sose Jersbiovert accel. ) gyos (te soya. bhiovel caks) Noyig2 hou : Tara Seasoes : Pret pe. of Data Nad\ation : Sensieg of accents @ inheyretng, te wo velocily od posihian infrmstion Mt aay > [z /}4/+- 2%) eee € Pav => pis Vv{eyde + pe) ya coe => vone faterde tv(te) do te p= §S Aley dice + VEY) + Pe) tote Dh we kas Ye inbicl pes (pid) & tard velaly (vl) ok suse te cccelediias (24), ther we cer empl PAL fro eto.fabian «(ele fmm epsnbr) bo) lagihwle : (opt. form the reomich worielion (32 east) R, = 6378 Em = (Ryah)eondece Re 25(2=) ye Roth )easasinte xe 22 Rath)sha ( %) he Va at -® (a, uh ) : position cwordligateeNorth, G2e}, Down Diafions NP Di dawasiewk (diveion of Week geuily) N. pow the nol ple ta The locel level plee EB: conplemulag, to noth feat Es ~(Nx Dd) Vv we 4. Nw Roth Ve gz —f__ (Rorh )cosd peat nN 8,3 (atin) gece [nonizhonel potion (Wu, Yep Vo) + gequp freight velely (Qu, ®e, Ap) + pyle ceea | Ww | ) ee ee ee | sa o Ve agh—>| L Sb Wwe Ow t 9 + ~ ( Qugsind + Yeten ve + TE Vez de + 9 + (2uugsiad +8 tena a tZUa ors @ ~yeVe RR Natiatttoptsiey gh) + ~2oagvecosa — vehi ee iy Brenda, contin Sm Corichs Comecton (+ loky?) = WAL)xV Re Roth, Roz 6599 Em Ws = sida veel rahe = F2OZNS x15" gael see. (h)= — » go= 3.48 mls (t+ %,)Pattie. Compton as a Og< @ Ron Aa Age la aye | oO /: ue ; an ae Rome KRY ef -s¥ 0 |[ca > se enact st +t oj. » o cd -sf o oe 1 |e ° ca a. coc -cdst+sdsoct ast saan easy fed tadsos > shop + cdsasy “se adc opce or” Rey i Rem DevaWx Chetan 4 “4 (195) we wy, Be Sle} ye oO wx Hw, We 9 0 Rein = Ren » ene Wey Wr/6 Wey = Wey - Raye (Moye * “y6) woos ve P $ Bath 2 ae 7 » efg= | _—Ve : Roth —¥sinda Ve tend Rael Wwr/aR = 7 -\ Kafe a Reva =RowWw, Ve p ‘ Ay “|= ag = Rana‘ Jee owes 7 ; \ Wwe a F 9 4 coriolts deme or ! Ve re ‘o + uw @a Gabe? ; Ne = Oe Kerb lasr | ! Vane "ys % * Qtr) + 4 Akela. Compl: Renz Rectan, San = Yen Tv Wen e Wi - Rea (Wsyet We/e ) GHEE or iat Rey = Rea May - aye Rev n A Baym ellen, Wee Dayep | tmesing rnaase e a ; oso ~sind 4 ~ Mae + 0 siad cosh t ase we svalll if WwNe/No! swell [Syn] cnsne > an siv'(-(Ren),,) 3) 7 (em 32 } ep reeteneeeee | kon) séondus2 => da sis'( ee . aH ( Renda ! \ QQ = wsasinf = Wa sla _ ( on | \ re (Lep)eEvtor Mauls Buior Meds for Dekel Newpyme Spreuns Thotiod. Kessyatna Semis fa ty ieee a a, eo 4 a = ear oy $e, 2? INS ° a oe) g a\h ave Nu ve No $ i a + Bror Madel e INS+ x= 8 ap | ve i = i fa Say se fey \ accalunter biasey sh ra Ww ? $xs| Sax Sve 5 BH y gyro refs se Sq Y sa Se Se ay oe av (Aimsizech Evene Mabie ; Spo 7 ive) 4 ae = 7 *F tVY2u,, —o + Disaeee tyu, —> %& Ts Beh } Sechuly Moke F Jusy Ge w- i + jus, Iu = 86,4 usin sy TIS wpe-e ce idheody onchbie | Bia con be. seal dor Short pray of dwe, or they fecuive. cottections pr low tenn opertion.a) Aidel Trwticl Neniaation Sphens \ \ rs Trertcl Neviyzhar systems ve IahereHy unslable. Se, hes. Wwe Jo be. use with sane navijahsr arcs . Newtezhan ads we syslens /svoryslons wll provicla. Sam nowept hovel debs lease ay won teerttl measurements. Toyical Navtpation Aids : \ Bavomabric_ Mi Weneler mensires hee (h) fiom Sea, feel hegeck on ctucepheic Pressure . Raclar AN mehem : macsureS hepld for the geounok vatecl mew aye contour ‘ Nur Raclar; measures te veleedy- of- caivemfh wid. grovel. by vsh cititude, cla (ha,¥) we cen calouledhe— Nu, Ve, Vor Magnedie. Compass : measures re neque garth wiizl cen wy frava he. ue verte uy to a few derees wloueler + pronsoves Mi level (48) acl dlineckon (¥) vaSelh on Ane mapeebtc. Gell of Me evth. Mognalmetes is View a 3D meprdic. Comes@® “GPS: menses pasilin (a, ¢,h)) exch frelodly (Mw Veo) hasach on sryaails cony fis GPs slellifes . o Otter Radio Menviyehie Sisleas: CORAM, THCAN , cre Aerres radkio accug Zhi syshon alae, pravieke pasinow (a,¢) arel. Arcseeht Lendinp Silews TLS MLS, Flee etc, edible bagel on sblsewtion of — Shp Traclus ; wecsures Spee. velicles G sedellafer. crown sles. Only uel ln Air Daler Sysleme: weaswes abide (4) , aivspeecl af aircraft, aic lenpedtne , oyle -2¢- Herele (ac) col Siche-slie(p). Techomate- : measures the Frauclee! larpht botecl On revalshon of tyres os ground velnehes Specolomule L mecgus The. (rand spezol (wurrve™ ) of gen Velcles Typical vedNure. of Newtofor eids pe tet Te enocs cre. ouvelach onieag. Yo inate syetemg.\ cD \ \ Aidech Maurpetn Splems correct the iawn acursehn Syste estos, lcafeck yoo acvitehion eichs, \ Gctter Neuipahen Doth,@) > wrecleal pve Feedcala. Aid vie Kalen Fillene TNS > correoled paue (“sad 4+ = NAY Ao Aichachl Mevigzion ies oubpt fe2dlloacleOnseryer GQ Koln Filles ke Ae + By ye i yer? 2 ox + DK Lek” Oesever/Stibe oh vetor : = AR4 Bas K(y-9) Ck + Du " x d e8x-K (ectmetin ever) : ec (A-k)e Th cbsever pain K iS chosen cccorcings we ce Melee Refa (A- Me) | C0, Wee esto eror § vovisleer cop pha, This & posible € (A, c) peir ip observable . K (skate eslinate)How-to choose. clasever 2 x, st. ef) 0. LQ YO be pothe clefite nxn main (shit wre ca) We RYO be a pailve digit, ann nabiz ( naumf woe 1) sae, te bly pie Peach Egechen (re) frp O = APs PAs Q — PCKCP ( Tir choice is an kalrmcr SS) Ur Ke pCR x2 AK + Bu Kah + Bar K (4-9) ys CAADY Gz CX +De Syple— Sluka Goseue— hn Te(P) B inal poortincd to the petty of actuction,@ me Exerypleg * INS YerNeel Chenndl : Kn =-Vp Vp = 8 +glh) + corinlis term a (als 8? (ey Re fe = 9.9% m/s* fy = 6393 em Gariedts Ham at Ay ie Ever Modal : \ oa ~5 |sh sh . EE ( Say + Skoriots)) sv} lor ° |[d% ee ae ee a Fa . ou (igre)Sh = 242 Sh, 5h ~ 24% 51 = 0 s- Bae 20 = oe J §=+—— SFI Verbicdl chonmel ty wathble, i+ nes slebuliyshan@ sh -~Ki -\ Sk a sy, | ee iB a + ( a du)= (Ste, )8 - ae +e) = st 2ge Sy KS w+ (238 +.) choose. K, SO Ka6~ 28 SS sbhe. Stebilyshor ob de. bien clerrel Vin een then cabs! » Sh b= haatDrerseal vote ctuull Ohgeuer ca be dlegirnecd ~yor Cele Tle) Mee? Seago MR 1 iy, baronthrt oye. your cer show Teak Tay erchibechue. I¢ pitdelet Fo tee pruivs 02, TE Kk is chosen ae Faluer feaas Ke a x= pce! = Apa gh te Q- PCECP,ABRS (fbtitela. Hoary & efree Setem ) AMES te sige. incl paiell inaticl tourrthienr sslewe. TWeie output besicly te wthluda. =f dhe esivcectt | AMDS cant usec Gr cakp lets ool Pr ceakegi> cltspeys g t senasine wnacesd P | + i a “ a jz|oa wosd -sing q | 7 Rep “r/c | ¥ ° slag wsd c esa coe | Ignoreel rare Qye cecedlings 1 tasd tach ad -30 3d of te teAdal ARS via a magretarseden, Sevity Arle AWS (fe leek vaiitles ) On Gp au. cu 43e 71 “The ly 4 ry pu |* l-geese [Wt pe. q4 ~gseg GL a peek vile (0 tevel-flight civcrefh) :Reclio Novigahow & SPs Prnes lo » Determiag, the disterce (p) tre dived (@) te knouim statis Ve radio waves, Basect on Mate digece ole direchon Mf, caloulete positon, Disence Mensnciag Yin Reale Mewes: pike méthoh: seid & receive oo rath plise . Bagel an fine oft favel celalube tle dstence d= cat (cne-~4) ov doa 2c-bb (ro wey) Dyaokion Prine vie. Bashy wavep eee Fe chwesion of ow vel Vge tN < of rach> syed Ww) deaive 3= Acoa(wt) A g salts Acos(udt +h, ee, =) Qc eos'( $2 ga ), cafa puse shift duete dlirestion He caved , Ce no pont Smt ced dienliow of ceriek L base Linecy | x rp ) le ; x : F sinQe 2 L ) Qa X= Asine BXg> ae ela wlL- Se coa(we = vobsion)@® Common Position Gohl Schemes, (Ratio Novipahon) a (che thahe)( position dirschann) siyslews: ro @: shia. wi twawn posdhon 0: Vebvele wn van postin Expr TACAN Exngl Como, BSI, Rsihor FrivgW fap. (P-F system) Xs, 4s enon, pr ® x, : position af-veh a & Spleay \ pe V (0% P+(y-ys) a= tes! 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