.

Ba
lBha
ratiPubl
icSchool
,Dwa
rka
Chapter
-16Notes
Light
1. Wha tislight ?
 Li ghti snot hingbutaf ormofe ne rgy.I tisnotma t
ter.Itgetsr eflectedi na l
lthedi recti
onswhe ni tfallsona ny
obj ect
.
2. Gi vetwoe xa mpl est opr ovet ha tlightisaf ormofe ner
gy?
1)Thes ubstanc eonwhi chl ightf allsge tshe a tedupwhe nli
ghtf allsoni t
.
2)Pl antsus es unl ightt oma kef oodi nthepr oc es
sofphot osynt hes i
s.
3. Wha tisRe cti
line arPr opa ga tionofl i
ght ?
 Li ghtt ravelsi nas traightl ine .Thi sprope rtyofl ightisc all
edr e cti
linearpr opaga ti
onofl i
ght.
4. Wr i
tea ne xpe r
ime ntt os howt ha tlightt rave lsinas tr
aightline ?
 Ta keane ws pape randr olei t.Lookt oal i
ght edc andlethroughi t.Youc anseet hec andlenow.
 Nowbe ndt hee ndoft hene ws pa perandl ookt hroughi tnow.Youc annots eet hec andlenow.Thi si sbecaus e
li
ghtc a nnotb enda sittra velsi nas t
raigh tline .
5. Wha tisr efl
e ct
ion?
 Whe nl i
ghtf allsona nobj ecti tbounc esb a cki ntot hesa meme diumons tri
kingt hes urf
a ceofa nyo bj ec
t.Thi sis
knowna sreflec tion.
6. Wha tisami rror ?
 Thes moot ha ndwe llpol ishe ds urfacei sc alle dami rr
or.Silve rme talisoneoft hebe streflec
torsofl i
ght.So,
ordinar ymi rrorsa rema debyde pos it
ingat hinl ayerofs il
ve rme talonones ideofapl a
negl asss hee t
.Thes il
ver
layerispr ote ct
e dbyac oa tofr edpa i
nt.Th er efl
ectionofl i
ghti nami rrortake spla ceatthesilve rsurface.A
planemi rrorisr e present edbyas traightl ine ,wi t
hanumbe rofs hor t,obliquel i
ne sshowi ngba ckoft hemi rror.
7. Wha ta r
et het wot ype sofr efle ction?
Thet wot ype sofr eflectiona re,
 Re gularr efl
e ct
ion
 I rregularr efl
ec tionordi ffus edr eflecti
on.
Re gularr efl
e ct
i on  Ir
re gula rreflecti
on
1. Whe nt her e f
le ct
ings ur fac ei ssmoot ha ndwe ll 1.Whe nt her ef
lecti
ngs urfac
ei srough,t hepa ralle
l
pol i
she d,t he pa rallelr a ysf al
lin g on i ta r
e rays f all
ing on i ta rer eflect
edi n di fferent
reflectedpa rallelt oa not he rone ,t her e f
lected direc t
ion.Suc har efl
e ct
ioni sknowna sdi f
fus ed
lightgoe si nonepa rticul ardi re ction.Thi si s reflectionori rregul a
rr efl
ectionore vens cat
tering
regul arrefl ection. ofl i
ght .
Fore xa mpl e,Ther e f
lec t
ionofl i
ghti napl a nemi r
ror Fore xa mpl e,a nyobj ecti nar oomc a nbes eenf rom
takespl acea tt hes il
ve rs ur fac e,showi ngr egul a
ra llthepa rtsoft her oom.Thi si sbeca uses urfaceof
reflect
ion. theobj ec tisr ougha ndi ts cat
tersorr e fl
ec t
slighti n
all dire
ctions.

8. Wha tisthespeedofl ightinva c

uum?
 Thes peedoflightis300000km/ s.
9. Wha tisalightyear?
 Di s
tancetr
aveledbyl ightinoneye arisca
lle
dal i
ghtye a
r.
10.Wha taretheLa wsofr eflect
ion?
Iftheref
lect
ingsurfaceisve rysmooth,theref
lect
ionofl
ightthatoccur
siscal
ledspecularorre
gularref
lect
ion.The
lawsofrefl
ecti
ona reasfol l
ows :
 Thei nci
dentray,there f
lecte
dr ayandthenormaltotherefl
ecti
onsurf
aceatthepointoftheinci
dence,allli
ein
t
hesamepl ane.
 Thea nglewhichthei ncidentrayma keswit
hthenorma lise
qualtotheangl
ewhi chtherefl
ecte
drayma ke st
o
t
hesamenor ma l
.
11.Whya nobj ectthatisofbl ac
kc olourapp ear
sso?
 Anobj ec tthatisofbla ckcoloura ppearss odar
kb e
causeita bsor
bsa l
ltheli
ghtthatf
allsonit
.Anobj ecttha
tis
ofwhitec olo
ura ppearss odar kbe c
ausei tre
fle
c tsal
lthelightthatf al
lsonit.Anobjectwil
lrefl
ectl
ightofthe
samec oloura sofi t
.
12.Isli
ghtvi sibletous ?
 Li ghtisnotvi s
ibletousbutwhe ntherea reti
nydus tpart
iclesinthepa thoflightt
hentheyshinewhenl ight
fal
lsandl i
ghtupt hepa thoft helightandi tsee
mst hatwea r
es eeinglight.
13.Na mea ny2obj ectsthatcanf orma nima geexceptmirror?
 Me ta
la ndwa ter
14.Na mea nyt wophe nome nat hatc anc hanget hedirecti
onofl ight.
 Re fl
ectiona ndre fr
a ct
iona ret wophe nome nat hatcanc ha nget hedi r
ec t
ionofli
ght .
15.Wha tisl ater
alinversion?
 Thei nte rc ha
ngeofr ighta ndl ef
ts i
deina nimageisc al
ledla t
eralinversi
on.Itmeansthatt
her i
ghto
ft heobjec
t
seemsint hemi rr
ora stheleftoft heima ge.
16.Wha
tisangleofinc
idence?
 Theangl
ef or
me dbet
we enthei
nci
dentr
ayandthenormalisknowna
stheangleofi
nci
denc e
.
17.Wha
tisangleofref
lec
tion?
 Theangl
ef or
me dbet
we enther
efl
ect
edrayandthenor
ma li
sknownastheangl
eofref
lec
tion.
18.Howar ea
limageisformedwhichi simagina r
ya ndvi
rtual,whenpe r
ceivedbyma n?
 Asl ightfr
oma nobjectente
rsoureye s
,it
sr ealimageisformedont hereti
na.Thisimageissmall
erthant
he
obje
ct,andisupsi
dedown.Thebr ainthens tudi
estheima ge.I
tknowst hatli
ghttra
velsinst
rai
ghtl
ines,a
ndis
the
refor
e,abletoana
lyzethedirec
tion,cal
c ulat
ethedist
anc eandthesizeoftheobjec
t.You,the
ref
ore,seet
he
obje
ctinitscor
rec
tsize,inther
ightdirec
tion,anda tt
her i
ghtdist
ance,andofc our
serights
ideup.
19.Whe ndoe sthebraingetfooledtoc or
rectl
yperc
eiveanima ge?
 Thes ta
rsins kyseemt ot
wi nkle,orwhe nyouseethi
ngsraisedinwatersuchasthefloorofa
swimmi ngpoolwhi leiti
sa ctual
lydeeperthanass
ume dbyt heeye,t
hesearesit
uati
onswh entheeyes
getfooledtonot i
cethatt
her ayscomingf r
omoneme di
umt oa not
hergetsbentandisunabletoseethe
bendingofra ys.I
tassumest hatli
ghtraystr
avel
sinstra
ightlinesa
ndpr e
sume st
hatthefloorofthe
swimmi ngpooli srai
sed.
20.Namea l
lthepr operti
esofa nima gef orme dbyapl anemi r
r or?
Anima gef orme dbyapl anemi rroris:
 Vi r
tual
 Erec t
 Oft hes ames ize
 Appe a
rstobea smuc hbe hi
ndt hemi rr
ora stheobj ec tinfrontofit.
 later
a l
lyinve rted
21.Namet hes eve ncoloursofwhi chwhi tec ol
ouri sma deupof ?
 Thes e
ve ncol ourofwhi chwhi t
ec olouri sma deupofa revi ol
et,i
ndigo,blue,gre
en,yel
low,orangeandred.
(
VIBGYOR)
22.Whyonl yf ews t
arsappe arintheni ghts kywhe reasthe rearemi ll
ionsofstarsinMilkyWa ygal
a xy?
 Onl yfe wstarsa ppearint henights kyi nc i
tiesbe causet he
r earema nystre
e tli
ght
sthati
ncreas
el i
ghtpol
luti
on.
Whe nthereist oomu chlightinthes ky, itdisruptsthevi si
bi li
tyofstar
s.
23.Wha tisthea ngleofr efl
ec t
ion,ifther ayf a
llsnor ma lly?
 Ifther ayfallsnorma llythea ngleofi ncidencei s0°
24.Dif
ferentia
tebe t
we enrealima gea ndvi rtualima ge?
Re
alImage Vi
rt
ualI
ma ge
1. Ar
eali
mageca
nbeobtai
nedonas
cre
en. 1. Avi
rt
uali
mageca
nnotbeobta
inedonas
cre
en.
2. Ar
eali
magei
salwa
ysinver
ted 2. Avi
rt
uali
magei
salwayser
ect.

25.Wha ta
rethe2lawso fref
lec
tion?
 The2l awso fre
flect
ionare
-
1.Angleofinc
identissa
mea stheangleo
fref
lec
ti
on.
2.Theinci
dentray,t
herefl
ect
e dr
aya ndt
henor
ma ls
houl
dme
eta
tthepoi
ntofi
nci
denta
lll
iei
nthes
ame
pla
ne(Me di
um).
26.Whi
chor
gani
nthehuma
nbodygi
vesust
hec
orr
ecti
nfor
mat
iona
boutt
hei
magef
orme
dint
hee
ye?
 Brai
n.

27.Na
methes
cre
enoft
hee
ye?
 Reti
na.

Fai
rcopyAssi
gnment
s:
1.Dr awan
dl a
belt
hera
ydi
agr
amt
hats
howst
hede
tai
lsofl
oca
tinga
nima
gea
fte
rre
fle
cti
onbya
pl
anemir
ror.

I
MAGE

2.Whatk
indofre
fle
cti
onma kesitp
oss
ibl
etos
eeyours
urr
oundi
ngsdur
ingt
heda
ybr
ighta
nds
unny?
 I
rre
gul
arordi
ff
usedref
lec
tion.

3.A)Wh entwomi rrorsareparal

leltoeachot
her,howma nyi
mageswi l
lformofa nobj
ect?
 Inf
ini
teimageswi l
lform.
B)Al sowrit
ethenumbe rsofimagesformedifthetwomi r
ror
sma keana ngl
eof90°,60°and45°
eac
h.
 At90°thre
eima ges,at60°a nd45°fiveandsevenima gesa
refor
me drespect
ive
ly.
C)Wha tpr
incipleinmirrorscausessuchmult
ipleimages?
 Multi
plere
flect
ionsc a
usemul ti
pleimages.
D)Na metwode vi
cesthatusemi r
rorspla
cedinangl
e sca
usi
ngmult
ipl
ere
fle
ctions
.
 Ka leidoscopeandperi
scope.
4. Wr i
tethes t
epstoconst
ructaka l
eidosc
ope.(HW)
5. Wha taretheappli
cati
onsofape risc
ope?(HW)
6. Wha tistheformul
aus edtofindthenumbe rofmult
iplei
mageswhe
ntwomi r
rorsar
epl
ace
datdi
ff
ere
nt
angl
e s?