i Reported Speech Reported speech is Giotation cts the @act meaning of what someone sald, but not the exact words. We don't use Teported speech. We can use that after the introductory verb (say, tel) or we can Leave ‘tout. She said (that) she was happy. Say ~ Tell * In reported speech we use say without to (without a personal object) when we don’t ‘mention the person being spoken to, She said (that) she was hapoy. + We use say with to (with a personal object) when we mention the person being spoken to She said to me (that) she was happy. ‘© We use tell without to (with a personal object) ‘when we mention the person being spoken to, She told me (that) she was happy. Say and tell are also used with the following expressi say good morning/afternoon etc, something/ nothing etc, one's prayers, 0, a few words. tell the truth, a lle, a secret, a story, the time, the difference, sb one’s name, sb the way, one from another, one's fortune Reported Statements In reported speech, personal/possessive pronouns ‘and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning of the sentence. “I'm having my lunch,” Susan sod. Susan said (that) she was having her lunch, ‘The introductory verb fs usually in the past simple and the verb tenses change as follows; present simple —+ past simple He said (that) his plane landed at 6 pm. vy plane (ands at 6 pm,” he said. present continuous -» past continuous “1am flying to Rome He said (that) he was today," he said, _ flying to Rome that ay. present perfect -» past perfect nave done my ‘He said (that) he had homework," he said. done his homework. past simple -+ past simple/past perfect “I walked home,” he He said (that) said. (had) waiked home. past continuous + past continuous! past perfect continuous “Iwas sleeping,” he He satd (that) he was sald. sleeping/had been sleeping. future (will) + conditional (would) “I will see you He said (that) he tomorrow,” he said. would see me the next doy. Certain words and time expressions change according to the meaning of the sentence, as follows: row then today, tonight, Hae aecya that day, that night, that the day before, the secede, esate eee a a cog, tentang he next’ ieek following week, the week = 20 tae yaa ay 9394 Reported Speech Certain modal verbs also change in reported speech as follows: 7 shall + should can + could + would may + might must + had to will The verb tenses and time expressions change in reported speech: 1a) when reporting someone’s words a long time after they were said. (out-of-date reporting) “ann Is coming,” John said. John sald that Ann was coming. b) when we consider what the speaker says to be untrue. “Greece is bigger than the US," he said to us. He told us (that) Greece was bigger than the US. (It is common knowledge that itis not.) Fill in the gaps with say or tell in the correct form. BBD cers ime that he was having great time at the party. 2 sim that he needed a holiday. 3. “TUL cal you later cree 00s that she was surprised 5 Kathy .snerseseeeese tome that she was going home early that day. 6 Phil John to stop annoying him. me to meet him outside the 7 He cinema. B He .. with Billy. 9 Jane .. homework. 10 Peter er before lunch. 10 me he was having dinner ime she had finished her to David he would be back ‘The verb tenses do not change in reported speech 1) when the introductory verb is in the present, future or present perfect. g The student says, “I enjoy reading, The student says (that) he enjoys b) In Conditionals type 2 and 3. “if he won the lottery, he would buy o new house,” Ryan said. yan said (that) if he won the lottery, he would buy a new house. ©) when reporting someone's words a short time after they were said. (up-to-date reporting) “V'm going to the theatre tomorrow,” Mary said tous. Mary told us (that) she is going to the theatre ng, tomorrow. 4) when the sentence expresses something which is always true (general truth) or a taw of nature. “The sun rises in the east,” the teacher said. The teacher satd (that) the sun rises in the east Fill in the gaps with say or tellin the correct form. “) me a stor!” 3). the litle boy to his mother. “Well, fist you have to 3B) ewnsowom Goodnight to your dad and then ‘come sit next to me. OK. Once upon a time, there was a wooden boy called Pinocchio. Even though he was made of wood, you couldn't 4 the difference between him and ‘other children ~ except for one thing. Every time 2 lie, his nose got longer!” he 5) ‘That's terrible!” 6) ovens» the child. “Yes,” n his mother. “That's why it’s important to always 8) the truth, Now, its time to go to bed, 50 9)... your | prayers and close your eyes.”10 Fill inthe gaps posse eth 8 cores pron Mark said, “1 want to Mare said «that > his fiends “We are taking our They sad (that)... the vet Jack sid, "need ack said (that). sister, \ see you tonight at my house,” Jim sad to '80 out with my friends.” > he wanted to go out with og to the vet,” they said, Were taking ne dR to tobuya gift for my sister” ‘needed to buy a gift for a Sit me a) a wn that night at........ house, a “Lam marrying Tom and we are going to Hawai for our honeymoon,” she said She sald (that) ...... was marrying Tor and were going to Hawaii for honeymoon, ‘Change from direct speech to reported speech. “I'm thinking of buying @ new ca," he said > He satd (that) he was thinking of buying a new "You can borrow my pen if you want,” she said. “VU call you tomorrow,” Katy aie to John. “We got married twa months ag,” they sad tous “we aren’t dong anything next week," rey sad “1d like to-go ut tonight,” Toby said. “My sister is coming to vist me next week,” said John, haven't seen my cousin since last Paula said, per Tis washing my er when you called me, "sad ban. UU tll Tom tai you.” Tina said tome, intheir ‘The following people saw an accident 5 town yesterday. Read what they said, and then report their words, as inthe example. =— The earthquake was very 4 | Powerful. We were lucky that obo was badly hut John > said that the earthquake had been! was very pewerful. They had been! were lucky that ‘nobody had been! was badly hurt. | saw te Lory coming down the hil | was so scared I grabbed my daughter and ran into a shop. We stayed there until the police came. Peter "heard a lot of noise and people screaming. When | went outside, 1 saw that the lorry had crashed | fnto the wall ofa house. The wall | had fallen down but the people | ‘inside had not been badly hurt. 1 was in my car. 1 saw the Lory coming torwards me. | didn’t have time to react. The lory didn’t slow down and hit the car Luckily, wasnt injured, Say srs96 ( Reported Speech Underline the correct tense. What were the speakers’ exact words? 1. A: Peter needs some help with his car. B: Yes, He told me he couldn’t/wouldn’t stat it > Ican't start my car. 's Mary going to help us clean the house? No. She said she had tofwall have to go to the doctor's. What's Sarah doing? She's sleeping. She said she had been feeling’ felt tired all day. Where's George? He's still at work. He said he was/is going to be late. Will Sally be at the library today? B: Yes. She said she would see/saw us there. Reported Questions © We use ask or want to know to report questions. We use the affirmative form of the verb. The ‘question mark is omitted and the verb tenses, Pronouns and time expressions change as in statements. “How old are you?" Poul asked Kim. Paul asked Kim how old she was. ‘© When the direct question begins with who, where, when, why, what or how, we use the same question word in the reported question, “What is your name?" he asked, He asked what her name was © When the direct question begins with is, do, have, etc, we use if/whether in the reported {question “ls he your brother?" he asked. He asked iffwhether he was my br ‘Turn the following ee i Sentences Into reported “Tina was studying all evening,” he sad, “Charles s going on holiday next week,” said manager. ca! 3. The DJ says, “I play pop music.’ - 4 “like potatoes,” said Nora 5. The lawyer will say, “My client isnot guilty 6 “Water boils at 100°C; said: the Chemistry teacher. 7. “Amy bas finished all her homework,” said Ton, 8 My father has said, Tam very proud of my children.” 9. “My exams are starting tomorrow, Reported Commands/Requests/Suggestions # We use order/tell + sb + (not) toinfintve to report commands. “Sit down!” she soa She ordereditold them to sit down, * We use askibeg + sb + (not) to- infinitive to Teport requests. Usually, the direct. sentence ‘contains the word ‘please’. “Please don't tel,” she said. She asked them not to tel ‘+ We use suggest + -ing form / that sb (should) + bare infinitive to report suggestions. “Let's go fora wolk,” he soi to her. He suggested going/thet they (should) go for a walkfesterday, reporter Jack Carter interviewed foPhie Winters, a children’s nurse. He asked her the following questions. Turn them into ‘reported questions, using ‘ask? sy ing ‘ask’ as the reporting 1) “Why did you decide to become a children’s nurse?” > He asked her why she decided/had decided to become a children's a AG 2 “Where did you do your training?” = 4 "Do ay of the children need long-term care ‘Do you use hi-tech medical equipment?” 6 “Is your job well-paid?” 7 “What do you like about your job?" 8 “Are you planning to do something different in the future?” ‘Turn the following sentences into reported speech, as in the example. 1. Don’t step out into the road without looking, > Mum told Sally not to step out Into the road without looking. 2. Walt for the green man to light up! 3 Look both ways before you cross! 4 Keep looking both ways as you cros! 5 Don't run when you rss the road! 6 Stop if you hear a car beeping! 7 Hold my hand wien we cross the road 1 Read the speech bubbles and match them to the sentences, Then complete the sentences in reported speech, asin the example. A 8 Can you give me the recipe for) —~ Yeu should your fish soup? Cay) c —~ oo Why don’t you take ‘afew days’ holiday?_/ Could | borrow SS ep Ice acter — \ Susant ; ‘ Let's go out . Sere) sent pe = on et. G ani - Where did 4 you buy this? Cee (TLE sarah was worried about her weight, s0 1> told heer that she should exercise more, [ZI twas getting dark, 501 .. [31] Peter tooked very tired, 0 1 (41 Mary cooked usa deticious meal, 50. [51] needed to took up the meaning of a word, so 1 oe [EL Heten did not want to cook, s0 |. [7 was busy when David came to see me, so | (BL Jane was wearing a beautiful new scarf, so | 798 Instead of say and tell, we can use other verbs to introduce bya torinfinitive, an to-infinitive agree offer promise refuse threaten 4 sb + to-infinitive advise ask beg invite order remind warn + -ing form, admit to accuse sb of apologise for boast about/of ‘complain (to sb) of deny insist on suggest + that complain deny explain exclaim/remark. promise suggest “Ing form ora that-clause, depending “Yes, IU tell you the truth.” “Shall I carry the books?" “I promise Itt buy her a gift.” “No, | won't help you again," “Stop fighting or I'l send you out.” “*You should tell your teacher.” “Could you feed the cat?” “Please, please don’t go!" “Will you come to the cinema?” “Get out of here!” “Don't forget to buy cheese.” “Don't go near the dog.” “Yes, | ate all the cake.” “You were rudel” “I"m sorry | broke the glass." 'm the fastest runner.” “I have a toothache.” “I didn't say that!” “You must come at once.” “Let's tell her.” "She's always shouting.” “1 didn't cheat in the test.” “You have to do ft twice.” “What a beautiful day!” “I promise | won't forge “You'd better take your pills.” the reported sentence th These verbs are ‘on the verb. Study the table below: ne He agreed to tell me the truth He offered to carry the books, He promised to buy her a gift. He refused to help me ogain. He threatened to send us out if we didn't stop fighting He advised me to tell my teacher He asked me to feed the cat. He begged me not to go. He invited me to (go to) the cinema. He ordered me to get out of there. He reminded me to buy cheese. He warned me not to go near the doz. He admitted to eating/having eaten all the cake, He accused me of being rude. He apologised for breaking/ having broken the glass. He boasted of/about being the fastest runner. He complained (to me) of having o toothache. He denied saying/having said that, He insisted on me/my going at once. He suggested telling her. He complained that she was always shouting. He denied that he had cheated In the cest. He explained that | had to do it twice. He exclaimed/remarked that it was 0 beautiful day. He promised that she would nat forget. He suggested that | (should) take my pills,1 10 " 2 1 Fill in the gaps with one of the introductory ‘verbs from the list below in the past simple. 1 Bivise © refuse © remark « boast AccUSE * promise © deny + offer ‘Suggest remind. insist © warn “I didn’t cheat in the exarm,” said Tony. oad eo ‘cheating in the exam. shout 17 umbrella wi ili ras na tae an unbratia wth you," Pip Philip oa ean a Mark to take an umbrella “I won't tidy my room” Ruth told her mother. ao to tidy her room. nt forget to pack your swimming costumes,” soos your swimming costumes,’ Ryan Us to pack our swimming costumes, “Be careful of thieves in the city centre,” said Sam Sam me to be careful of thieves in the city centre. can bake a cake for your birthday if you like,” said Richard, Richard to bake a cake for my birthday. “You must eat all your vegetables,” Emma told her daughter. Emma .. ve OW her daughter eating all her vegetables. “Eric stole the money!” said Robert. Robert Eric of stealir ‘money. “Susie plays the violin very well,” said Stuart Stuart that Susie played the violin very well “rll water your plants every day," said David. David that he would water our plants every day. “Let's go to the cinema,” she said She vee going to the cinema “rm the best student in clas,” he said. He ‘about being the best student in clas. Reported speech | 1 First, choose an introductory verb. report the sentence usi 1 "Sorry fora our bith.” » oa Mark » apoigised for forgeting my bree 2. *The reason I'm sad is because my dog i il”. Penny P "Vim the best singer inthe farily!” Hannah , ‘The sergeant : ee 5 “George, Ill give you a detention if you don't stop talking!” iss Scott ae 2 6 “Iwas the one wi broke the window. Terry gece 7. “Remember to phone your mother, Tim!" Emily ‘ 8 “I idn’t eat the last piece of cake.’ Jatian eee 9 “Shall we go out for dinner at the weekend?” ee 10. “This lesson is really boring! The student. : 11 “Please, please let me goto the concert, Dad!” Susan ACS 12. "Yes, Il take the dog for a walk.” Dan .. : 13. “You should see a doctor.” 14 Mu sesso 15. “You stole my bag!” Jennifer100 [Match the sentences in column A to the. sentences in reported speech, as in the. 13 ‘example, “No, | won't come with you,” she said tous, "I didn’t hit your car,” | said to him, “You stole the money,” he said to Sue, “Yes, IU give you a hand moving house," “Let's go on a trip,” said Mark, “Don't forget to take your swimsuit,” sald Lucy ‘Turn the following into reported speech using the correct introductory verb. Use up to three words. "Yes, I'l come to the cinema with you,” she sai, said Bill, ‘Correct reporting verb in column B. Then, rewrite the 8 accuse agree suggest deny remind refuse 8 “I didn’t scratch the cart” said Hannah. Hannah the car “Nartin, could you close the window, please?” said the teacher. . ‘The teacher eee ed close the window, eee ae 10 “I' I missed the bus,” said Joseph. 2. *Sorry | broke your favourite bow,” he said ee jam’ te ‘ he was late because he had missed the bus. imy favourite bow. 3 “Will you come to my housewarming party?” i: anya satd to me. Speaking Tanya a ene In pairs, talk about two things you did ha sos cB yesterday, two things you have done today and A ‘wo things you will do tomorrow. Then, report castes cai what your partner says. 5 “Don’t worry — I'll make sure | return before > John said (that) he (had) visited his grandparents the ricnight,” sid Gira, previous doy. They ordered a pizza ond watched TV. Gloria ee | before midnight. 6 “Drop your weapons!” shouted the commander. Writing \ The commander « Now, write a short paragraph about your \ the soldiers to drop their weapons. partner, based on the Speaking activity, \ 7 “How about going to the park?” said Luke. Include direct and reported speech, \ Luke... 3 she dal > ohn told me that ted his grondporents | watched TV.” he said, a ta® Modal Verbs Read the article below and underline all the "medal verbs, Which one expresses: * nce» uckot neces ecsty + sang aice "© obligation © prohibition S TRAVEL ArricA MAGAZINE mene Travel expert Henry Hughes gives his advice on staying safe on safari, “The first thing to remember is that you should always do exactly as your guide tells you. He wil be very experienced and wil know exactly what to do if a wild ‘animal gets too close. You must listen to himl The second thing you should remember is that you mustn't walk off (on your own If you stay close to the group, nothing bad will happen to you. My next piece of advice is that some Wild animals are dangerous, so you must respect them. You mustn't tease a wild animal or comer it. This & ‘asking for trouble. Africa has many snakes, sof you go walking, you should wear a good pair of boots. Keep in 2 Choose the correct modal verb 1 You shoutcan put on sunscreen when sunbathing. 2. We canimust do what the guide tals us, 3. They don't have to/ean't feed the animals because ts rot allowed 4 We don’t have to/mustn't wake up eary tomorrow. I's Sunday. 5. Should/can | take the day off, 3 please? 6 Do you think | should/must tell g him what happened? 7 They must/ean leave now ifthey 5 want to catch ther light. 8 You can'Udon't have tocome tog the party if you don't fea he 9 Yeushouldn'can be soimpatent. 7 Paul ean/must use my computer he thes. “James sent you a gift for your birthday ‘won't go with you tothe dance, “T have been to Africa three times this year," she said, “are you coming with us?” they asked mind, however, that snakes are very shy. If they s=@ human, they wil usually ty to get away 2s quickly a5 possible! So you dont have to worry. The African sun 1 hot. To avoid sunburns, you should make sure you apply sunscreen realy and wear abig hat. Mosquitoes come cut at night, 50 you must remember to pack medicine and creams that wil protect you against them. Finally You shutda’t forget that fis important to keep the animals safe, too! You masta’ ive food toa wld animal ven ii looks hung. When an arma gets food from humans, it starts to lose its fear of them and this is very dangerous because Ht makes the animal a target fo" hues." © Reported Speech What is reported speech? How does it differ from direct speech? How do tenses change in reported speech? How do ‘we report questions? commands? ‘Change the sentences from direct speech into reported speech. “1am going tothe 200 in the afternoon,” Tom sai. ary said. "Don't touch the monkeys!” the keeper said. 101iS Revi: ion (Units 1-16) 4 crco te correct item. 20H asta Pars before moved to Yor. 4, fe est my rend fo ten yor A ive fasted Atasbeen Boeke ey © had ben ving 2 The teh wie ee bone Beta A where aes # vat B when unless Che 2 Rion 23 dom, Parlaemtige ns. oe Aimy ig 1B ehnddlcone hat bigest 2 He teshopp en eit A ose was cing © is doing 25 He aed sn time wa, $5 D0 YOU wn 10 g0 to work on Sunay? ia A souta B must C have 6 Te ens met the new manager (#38 A. just B since © yet tx2) 30 ) 7 He nnn t0 $0 0n holiday but he had no money. A has wanted B wanted 2, omelet tne second sentence so that was wanting means the same as the fist, Use up to three 8 If only she earlier. We could have gone out. words. Anca: macome, ,C. comes 1. They don’t tet guests enter the room. 9 Were they vn the match at 9:00 pm lat me eee ihe 2 “tim sory shouted at you,” Kathy si. A watch B watched ¢ watching eer 10 shen hard she wouave pasedthetet.. ny aaa A studied |B had studied tans © would study 4 tewvasride of you tet him, 14. That's the Boy... won the race. YOu SHOU enn Wed tim A where B who which 5 It’s posble that Mark took the book. 12. The letter arved we were away on holiday. eae Oe lk A assoonas 8 while unt 6 There no need for you to come before 6 o'clock 13 That's the house ........ he stayed while in London. You don’t tocome A which Bwio where been eran 14 You ........ wear a hat in the sun! 7 “Please Dad, let me go to the party,” Paul said. Aan B could should a tole him goto the party, 15 Laraspatient She... gesanaryat anyone. 4g. plow hcopineaiecuutnne, A never B often © always Please, stay ....... + with me, 16 They ........ to ballet lessons on Wednesdays. 9 He looks after his ite brother. A are going = B go goes He takes... . his ittle brother. 17 sss YOU ring me a glass of water, please? 40 Will you take us tothe station in your ca? Gan B should ‘Must Will you give tothe station? 18 She......0. me she would be late. A sid B told C asked (188 so 49. Heel cold aceon the heater A tumed B will turn © am tuming ros 102