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Tutorial 2 PDF

This document contains a summary of Tutorial 2 problems from the Physics of Waves course PH11003 at an unknown university. It includes 8 practice problems covering topics like: 1. Calculating the time and velocity for a damped door shutter to close with different damping coefficients. 2. Solving second order differential equations, including finding particular solutions. 3. Analyzing an undamped mass-spring system subject to harmonic forcing and non-harmonic forcing. 4. Modeling a simple seismograph and solving for steady-state displacement given Earth displacement input. The problems range from straightforward calculations to more conceptual questions, and some are marked as difficult or for homework.

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Rohan Ghosh Dastidar
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114 views3 pages

Tutorial 2 PDF

This document contains a summary of Tutorial 2 problems from the Physics of Waves course PH11003 at an unknown university. It includes 8 practice problems covering topics like: 1. Calculating the time and velocity for a damped door shutter to close with different damping coefficients. 2. Solving second order differential equations, including finding particular solutions. 3. Analyzing an undamped mass-spring system subject to harmonic forcing and non-harmonic forcing. 4. Modeling a simple seismograph and solving for steady-state displacement given Earth displacement input. The problems range from straightforward calculations to more conceptual questions, and some are marked as difficult or for homework.

Uploaded by

Rohan Ghosh Dastidar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course: PH11003: Physics of waves : 2022–2023(II)

* marked problems are for classwork, rest for homework


** marked problems are difficult, but optional
Tutorial 2: Damped and forced oscillations

1. A door shutter has a spring which, in the absence of damping, shuts the door in 0.5
seconds. The problem is that the door bangs shut with a speed 1 m/s. A damper with a
damping coefficient β is introduced to ensure that the door shuts gradually. What are the
times required for the door to shut and the velocities of the door at the instant it shuts, if
β = 0.5π and β = 0.9π. Note that the spring is unstretched when the door is shut.

2. Practice with 2nd order differential equations:


* (a) Solve the initial value problem set up by the differential equation below:

ẍ + 100x = 15 cos 5t + 20 sin 5t (1)

where x(t = 0) = 25 and ẋ(t = 0) = 0.


(b) Find the particular solution xp (t) in the form xp (t) = C cos(ωt − α) for the following
ordinary differential equation:

ẍ + 3ẋ + 5x = −4 cos 5t. (2)

3. Consider an undamped mass-spring system subject to a harmonic force F = F0 cos ωt.


(a) Write down the equation of motion.
(b) Obtain the general solution for x(t).
(c) If ω = ω0 where ω0 is the natural frequency of the un-forced system then how does x(t)
behave with time?
(d) If the external force is not harmonic but it is of the form F (t) = αtn then will the
motion x(t) still be oscillatory? Solve for α = 1, n = 1; α = −1, n = 2 and demonstrate
your answer.

* 4. (Source: French’s book/MIT OCW) Imagine a simple seismograph consisting of


a mass M hung from a spring on a rigid frame attached to the earth (see Figure 1). The
M

Earth

FIG. 1. Figure for Problem 2

spring force and the damping force depend on the displacement and velocity relative to the
Earths surface, but the relevant acceleration (Newtons 2nd law) of M is relative to the fixed
stars.
(a) Using y to denote the displacement of M relative to the earth and η to denote the
displacement of the earths surface relative to the fixed stars, show that the equation of
motion is
d2 y dy 2 d2 η
+ γ + ω0 y = − (3)
dt2 dt dt2
(b) Solve for y (steady-state) if η = Ccosωt.
(c) Sketch a graph of the amplitude A of the displacement y as a function of ω (supposing
C the same for all ω).
(d) A typical long-period seismometer has a period of about 30 sec and a quality factor
Q of about 2. As the result of a violent earthquake the Earths surface may oscillate with a
period of about 20 minutes and with an amplitude such that the maximum acceleration is
about 109 m/sec2 . How small a value of A must be observable if this is to be detected?

5. Consider a undamped harmonic oscillator of mass m and spring constant k subject to


a constant force F . When the particle is in equilibrium the force is applied for τ seconds.
Find the amplitude of oscillation after the force ceases to exist.

* 6. A 50 gm mass is suspended by a spring of spring constant k = 20N/m. The mass


performs steady state vertical oscillations of amplitude 1.3 cm due to an external harmonic
3π
force of frequency ω = 25s−1 . The displacement lags behind the force by an angle 4
. Find:
(a) The quality factor Q of the oscillator.
(b) The work done by the external force in one oscillation.

* 7. Two different forced oscillating systems are given to you. They have the same natural
frequency ω0 . For one of them the resonance occurs at ωr1 and for the other at ωr2 . The
damping coefficients are different: β1 and β2 .
(a) Draw qualitatively the two resonance curves on the same graph paper, when β1 > β2 .
Can these two curves intersect?
(b) If β1 = 0.2 units and β2 = 0.5 units then find the expressions for ωr1 , ωr2 and the
FWHM in each case.

** 8. Curious oscillations! A candle is pierced transversely by a needle near its centre


of mass and balanced between two low friction supports. When lit on both ends, it will
drip asymmetrically and begin to oscillate like a seesaw –the candle seesaw. How does one
explain this oscillatory motion ? What are its characteristics?

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