GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL

MINISTRY OF PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT

DEPARTMENT OF ROADS
BRIDGE BRANCH

Design Review: of Tinau River Bridge

Detail Design Calculation Report
 
 
 
 

Submitted by:
Er. Jibendra Misra
Senior Divisional Engineer
Bridge Branch 
 
 
 
 
March 2020
 
 Hydrology Summary
Summary of Hydrology as per the initial design report carried out by Nort Star-FIDA JV is as mantioned below

As per main report Seventy Percent of the maximum discharge have been considered as design discharge due to
diversion of river at upstream in Tinau and Danaw
Review
Tinau River is the main source of natural Subbase for the highway construction in Rupendehi District.
Silt Factor Considered in Report is 1.10 which neither corelates the original bore log submitted by consultat
neither the with the properties of the river bed
Let's Take Silt factor as f= 2.5 and re calculate the scour
Design Discharge (Qmax) 1829.36 m3/s
Silt Factor Ksf 2.5 Considering Heavy Sand
Bridge Span 175 m
Design Discharge per meter width Db 10.45 m3/s/m
mean scour depth below HFL 4.72 m
Depth of Scour for Abutment 5 99 m from HFL
5.99
Depth of Scour for pier 9.44 from HFL
HFL level 129.50 m
Sccour Level of Abutment 123.5
Scour Level for Pier 120.1
 Abutment 2 Check for Minimum Foundation Depth Required and Calculation of Allowable
Bearing Capacity
Construction Detail
Top Level of Constructed Well 130.74 m
Bottom Level of Well 112.74 m
Maximum Scour Level of Abutment 123.51 m
Well Below Scour Level 10.76527 m
Well Stem to Dismentalled 7.24 m
Check for minimum Foundation Depth Required
High Flood Level 129.50 m
Scour Depth of Abutment from HFL 5.99 m
level of Scour 123.51 m
Minimum Depth of Foundation Required As per IRC 78: cl 705.3.1, 1.33d 7.97 m From HFL
121.53 m
As per This Criteria Well Depth Seems Sufficient

Bearing Capacity calculation of Well

Standard Penetration Value Corrected (N) Considering weakest layer 42

Smaller Diamension of the crosssection of well (B) 5.2 m
Depth of Foundation Below Scour Depth D 10.77 m
2
Allowable Bearing Pressure qa 3705.967 kN/m
2
Net Safe Allowable Bearing Pressure 1235.3 kN/m
Soil Properties
Unit
i weight
i h off b
backfill
kfill soilil  166
Unit weight of dry sand w_sand 16
Unit weight of saturated sand ws_sand 18
Unit weight of submerged soil ω 18
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth  0
Angle
g of internal friction of soil  35
Angle of friction between soil and wall  22

Tinau Preliminary Notes A2
 Pier 3 Check for Minimum Foundation Depth Required and Calculation of Allowable
Bearing Capacity
Construction Detail
Top Level
T L l off C
Constructed
dWWellll 124
124.991
991 m
Bottom Level of Well 114.491 m
Initial Maximum Scour Level of Pier 120.1 m
Well Below Scour Level 5.57 m
Well Stem to Dismentalled 1.491 m
Check for minimum Foundation Depth Required
High Flood Level 129.5 m
Scour Depth of Pier from HFL 9 44 m
9.44
level of Scour 120.1 m
Minimum Depth of Foundation Required As per IRC 78: cl 705.3.1, 1.33d 12.56 m From HFL
116.94 m
As the Bottom Level of pier 3 well is below the minimum depth of foundation Required hence safe
Bearing Capacity calculation of Well

Standard Penetration Value Corrected (N) Considering Weakest Layer 42

Smaller Diamension of the crosssection of well (B) 5.2 m
Depth of Foundation Below Scour Depth D 5.57 m
2
Allowable Bearing Pressure qa 2156.077 kN/m
2
Net Safe Allowable Bearing Pressure 719 kN/m
Soil Properties
Unit weight of backfill soil  16
Unit weight of dry sand w_sand 16
Unit weight of saturated sand ws_sand 18
Unit weight of submerged soil ω 18
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth  0
Angle of internal friction of soil  35
Angle of friction between soil and wall  22

Tinau Preliminary Notes P3
 Pier 4 Check for Minimum Foundation Depth Required and Calculation of Allowable
Bearing Capacity
Construction Detail
Topp Level of Constructed Well 132.82 m
Bottom Level of Well 116.32 m
Maximum Scour Level of Pier 120.1 m
Well Below Scour Level 3.74 m
Well Stem to Dismentalled 9.32 m
Check for minimum Foundation Depth Required
High Flood Level 129.5 m
Scour Depth of Pier from HFL 9.4 m
level of Scour 120.1 m
Minimum Depth of Foundation Required As per IRC 78: cl 705.3.1, 1.33d 12.56 m From HFL
116.94 m
As the Bottom Level of pier 4 well is below the minimum depth of foundation Required hence
safe
Bearing Capacity calculation of Well

Standard Penetration Value Corrected (N) of weakest layer 42

Smaller Diamension of the crosssection of well (B) 5.2 m
Depth of Foundation Below Scour Depth D 3.74 m
2
Allowable Bearing Pressure qa 1610.6 kN/m
2
Net Safe Allowable Bearing Pressure 536.9 kN/m
Soil Properties
Unit weight of backfill soil  16
Unit weight of dry sand w_sand 16
Unit weight of saturated sand ws_sand 18
Unit weight of submerged soil ω 18
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth  0
Angle of internal friction of soil  35
Angle of friction between soil and wall  22

Tinau Preliminary Notes P4
 Design of Abutment

Section of Abutment
0.25
0 25 0.3
03 1.3
13
134.3 Deck Level
0.2
1.0 A6 A7 0.5 2.80
0.65
A5 0.5
2.0 A2 0.5
A1'
2.0 0.1 129.5 HFL
A3
3.00 9.30
5.50
Y 0.7980 A1 0.1520
3.559 A4
x
A 125.00 SBL
1.30 0.45
1.50 A8
T 123.5 FBL
This prelimanry section is defined by considering SBL = Stem Bottom Level
hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation FBL = Footing Bottom Level
MSL = Maximum Scour Level
Material Properties
Concrete grade (fck) 25 N/mm²
Steel ggrade ((fe)) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Sst = 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Ssc = 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 8.33 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Scc = 6.25 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) m= 10
Neutral axis factor k 0.32
j 0.89
g moment coefficient
The resisting R 0.95
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
Levels
High Flood Level 129.50 m
Maximum Scour level for abutment 123.51 m
Total depth of longitudinal Girder including Slab 2.8 m
Provided Clear free board 1.5 m
Level of Deck Surface 134.3 m
Thickness of abutment cap p 0.5 m
Top level of Footing (SBL) 125.00 m
Thickness of Footing/Cap 1.50 m
Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL) 123.5 m
Thickness of Bearing including Concrete bearing pedestal 0.5 m
Hence the total height of abutment H= 9.30 m
As per IRC : 6-2000, 217.1 for Equivqlent live load Surcharge
1.2 m
q
Equivalent Height
g of Abutment H eq=
q 10.5 m
Length of Abutment Cap 7.5 m
Length of Abutment L= 7.5 m
Span Length 35 m
Approach Slab Diamensions
Thickness of approach slab 0.2 m
Length of Approach Slab 3.00 m
Width of Approach Slab 7.5 m
Ballast Wall

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Width of Ballast wall 0.3 m
Length of Ballast wall 7.5 m
Wing Wall
Thickness of wing wall 0.4 m
Soil Data & Seismic Data
Unit weight of backfill soil  16 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete conc 24 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient  0.096
Vertical seismic coefficient  0.048
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth  0
Angle of internal friction of soil  35
Angle of friction between soil and wall  22
Analysis and Design of Abutment Stem
Area and C.G Calculation with respect to bottom of stem point A

2
Symbol Area (m ) CG-X CG-Y Weight (KN)
A1 1.65 0.15 4.65 297.00
A1' 1.14 0.15 7.40 205.20
A2 0.65
0 65 0.95
0 95 5.75
5 75 117.00
117 00
A3 8.800 0.93 2.75 1584.00
A4 1.24 1.65 1.83 222.75
A5 2.00 -0.67 7.63 19.20
A6 2.00 -1.00 8.80 19.20
A7 0.13 -0.13 8.85 22.50
Total 17.60 2486.85
C.G from A 0.7980 3.559
C G From Superstructure Load Point
Position of C.G 0 1520
0.1520
Forces on the Abutment
Total Dead Load from superstructure 3480.0 KN
Total Critical Live load Excluding impact 1171.00 KN I.F 1.1098
Total Critical Live load including impact 1299.5 KN
Earth Pressure force (Including live load surcharge) [IRC:6-2000, 217.1]
Total Static earth pressure = 0.5*  * Heq² * tan²(45° - /2)*L = 1790.4702 KN
Which act at a distance from abutment base (0.42*Heq) 4.41 m
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6 2000 216
[IRC:6-2000, 216.44 (a)]
Area of stem at top = 9.75 m²
Depth of submerged part of abutment = 4.50 m
Area of stem at base = 13.125 m²
Area of stem at HFL = 12.511364 m²
Volume of submerged part of abutment = 57.681818 m³
Taking 1/2 of the volume, Net upward force due to buyoncy = -288.4091 kN
Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)
Coefficient of thermal eexpansion
pansion of concrete (C) = 0.000009
0 000009
Length of main girders (L) 35000 mm
Width of girder (a) 400 mm
Assume width of elastomeric bearing (parallel to span) (b) 300 mm
Assume thickness of elastomeric bearing (T) 50 mm
Differential temperature in celcius (dt) 30 degree
Number of main girders = 2
Assume Shear modulus of elastomer (G) 1.2 N/mm²
(range 00.66 to 1.2)
1 2)
Elongation of the girder (D) = C*L*dt 9.45 mm
Plan area of the bearing (A) = 120000 mm²
Longitudinal force transmitted to the pier
F = G*A*D / T = 27.216 kN per bearing
Total force from all bearings 54.43 kN
Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings, 54.43 kN

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class A)
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level 10.50 m from base
Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle = 543.29 kN
Therefore braking force length = 54.329 kN
Seismic Forces on Abutment [IRC :
Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also considered.
Horizontal seismic forces:
Superstructure: 334.08 kN
Abutment: 238.7376 kN
Backfill soil mass: 171.88514 kN
This forces will act at 0.5 Heq 5.25 m
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure: 167.04 kN
Abutment: 119.37 kN
Loads and Moment Calculation
The transverce forces and moments are not calculated since it will not be critical due to high moment of inertia.
Load
Particular Coefficient Vertical
Vertical force Horizontal Lever arm, Horizontal Moment
Lever arm,
(kN) (m) force (kN) (kN.m)
IRC:6-2000, (m)
202.3
combination I Dry case, Non-seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1
Superstructure dead load 1 3480.00 0.15 529.10
Live load 1 1299.52 0.15 197.58
Abutment 1 2486.85 -0.80 -1984.41
Soil mass 1 1790.47 4.41 7895.97
Tractive/Braking force 1 54.33 10.50 570.45
F i i l force
Frictional f 1 54 43
54.43 6 00
6.00 326 59
326.59
Total 7266.37 1899.23 20.91 7535.30
combination VI Dry case, Seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5
Non seismic forces
Superstructure dead load 1 3480.00 0.15 529.10
Live load 0.5 649.76 0.15 98.79
Abutment 1 2486.85 -0.80 -1984.41
Soil mass 1 1790.47 4.41 7895.97
T i /B ki force
Tractive/Braking f 05
0.5 27 16
27.16 10.50
10 50 285 23
285.23
Frictional force 0.5 27.22 6.00 163.30
Additional seismic forces
Superstructure 1 167.04 0.152 334.08 6.50 2196.92
Abutment 1 119.37 -0.798 238.74 3.56 754.47
Soil mass 1 171.89 5.25 902.40
Total 6903.02 2589.55 10841.77

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1
Superstructure dead load 1 3480.00 0.15 529.10
Live load 1 1299.52 0.15 197.58
Abutment 1 2486.85
2486 85 -00.80
80 1984.41
-1984 41
Soil mass 1 1790.47 4.41 7895.97
Tractive/Braking force 1 54.33 10.50 570.45
Frictional force 1 54.43 6.00 326.59
Buyoncy 1 -288.41
Total 6977.97 1899.23 20.91 7535.30
combination VI-a Flooded case, Seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5
Non seismic forces
Superstructure dead load 1 3480.00 0.15 529.10
Live load 0.5 649.76 0.15 98.79
Abutment 1 2486.85 -0.80 -1984.41
Soil mass 1 1790.47 4.41 7895.97
Tractive/Braking force 0.5 27.16 10.50 285.23
Frictional force 0.5 27.22 6.00 163.30
Buyoncy 1 -288.41
Additional seismic forces
Superstructure 1 167.04 0.15 334.08 6.50 2196.92
Abutment 1 119.37 -0.80 238.74 3.56 754.47
Soil mass 1 171.89 5.25 902.40
Total 6614.61 2589.55 10841.77
Maximum Loads 7266.37 2589.55 10841.77
Increment factor for allowable stresses* IRC:6-2000, 202.3
2.1.1 Design of abutment stem Section
Abutment Stem will be designed as compression member with uniaxial moment.
Overall Thickness of Stem at base D= 1750 mm
Length of the abutment L= 7500 mm
Gross cross sectional area of the stem Ag = 13125000 mm²
percentage of longitudinal tensile reinforcement pst 0.2 %
the percentage of longitudinal compressive reifnrocement psc 0.11 %
Percentage of steel to be provided as per IRC:21-2000, 306.2.2 0.3 %
Total percentage of longitudinal reinforcement = 0.31 % OK
Then the initial total area of reinforcement Asc = 40687.5 mm²
Net area of concrete Ac = 13084313 mm²
mm
Let the effective cover (referring to the CG of bars) cover (d')= 65 mm
Hence the effective depth d_eff = 1685 mm

Moment of inertia I = 2.990.E+12 mm4

Section modulus Z = 3.549.E+09 mm³
Radius of gyration SQRT(I/Z*L) k= 486 mm
Height of the abutment (upto abutment cap) 6000 mm
Effective length (height) factor (IRC:21 2000, 306.1.2,
(IRC:21-2000 306.1.2 Table 13) = 1.75
Effective height of the abutment 10500 mm
Ratio of Effective length : Radius of gyration = 21.59
Hence it is treated as a Short Column
The direct comp. stress,
Scc_cal = P/(Ac+1.5*m*Asc) N/mm²
The comp. stress in bending
Scbc_cal = M/Z N/mm²
Interaction Condition to be satisfied:
[Scc_cal/Scc] + [Scbc_cal/Scbc] = <1
Comp. Stress Non-Seismic Case Seismic Case [Scc_cal/Scc] + [Scbc_cal/Scbc] Condition
Scc_cal = 0.53 0.50 0.3 <1 Satisfied
Scbc_cal = 2.12 3.05 0.3 <1 Satisfied
Reinforcement Calculation
Provided
Reinforcement Area (mm2) Bar dia (mm) Nos Spacing (mm) c/c Nos
Tensile reinforcement (AS1+AS2) 26250 25 54 140 AS1+AS2 54
Compressive Reinforcement
(AS3+AS4) 14437.5 20 46 150 AS3+AS4 51
Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Total area of provided tensile reinforcement = Ast = 26507 mm²
Total area of provided compressive reinforcement = Asc = 14451 mm²
Total provided area of longitudinal steel = 40959 mm²
0.312 % OK
Check For Shear
Critical shear force at the base 1899231.21 N
Effective area of the section 13125000 mm²
Shear Stress 0.145 N/mm²
Permissible Shear Stress 0.240 N/mm² OK
[IRC:21-2000, Table 12B]
Check For Cracked or Uncracked Section
For uncracked section (Scbc_cal
(Scbc cal - Scc_cal)
Scc cal) < 0.25
0.25*(Scc cal + Scbc_cal)
(Scc_cal Scbc cal)
Case (Scbc_cal - Scc_cal) 0.25*(Scc_cal + Scbc_cal) Section is
Non seismic condition: 1.59 0.66 Cracked
Seismic condition: 2.55 0.89 Cracked
As The Section is cracked Reinforcement and section should be checked for cracked condition
Critical Neutral axis x 452.65 mm
The resultant Stress Scb 6.324 N/mm²
Stress in tension reinforcement:
Ss = m Scb (D d x)/x =
m*Scb*(D-d'-x)/x 172.17 N/mm
N/mm² < 240 OK
Stress in compression reinforcement:
Ssc = 1.5m*Scb*(x-d')/x = 81.24 N/mm² < 205 OK

Curtailment of Bar
Assume the amount of reinforcement to be curtailed 50 %
And curtailment will be at 2.75 m from the base of stem
Thickness of stem at point of curtailment 1525.0 mm
Effective depth of stem 1460.0 mm
Amount of longitudinal Reinforceme Asc = 20343.75 mm²
Net area of concrete Ac = 11437500.0 mm²
Area of tensile reinforcement = Ast = 13254 mm²
Area of provided compressive reinforcement = Asc = 7226 mm²
4
I= 1.945E+12 mm
Forces and Moment at curtailment Z= 2.665E+09 mm³
Particular Vertical force Horizontal Lever arm, Horizontal
Vertical
Moment
Lever arm,
Non seismic forces (kN) (m) force (kN) (kN m)
(kN.m)
(m)
Superstructure dead load 1 3480.00 0.15 529.10
Live load 0.5 649.76 0.15 98.79
Abutment 1 2009.70 0.22 444.97
Soil mass 1 975.421 3.26 3174.99
Tractive/Braking force 0.5 27.16 7.75 210.52
Frictional force 0.5 27.22 3.25 88.45
Additional seismic forces
Superstructure 1 167.04 0.152 167.04 3.75 651.80
Abutment 1 96.47 0.798 96.47 4.95 554.62
Soil mass 1 46.82 3.26 152.40
Total 6402.97 1340.1 5905.65
The direct comp. stress,
Scc_cal = P/(Ac+1.5*m*Asc) = 0.545 N/mm²
The comp. stress in bending
Scbc_cal = M/Z = 2.22 N/mm²
So,
[Scc_cal/Scc] + [Scbc_cal/Scbc] = 0.353 <1 OK

The condition of tensile stress at the extreme fibre of concrete:

(Scbc_cal - Scc_cal) < 0.25*(Scc_cal + Scbc_cal) 1.671
> 0.690
Section is Cracked
As The Section is cracked Reinforcement and section should be checked for cracked condition
Critical Neutral axis x 338.80 mm
The resultant Stress Scb 6.818 N/mm²
Stress in tension reinforcement:
Ss = m*Scb*(D-d'-x)/x = 212.55 N/mm² < 240 OK
Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Stress in compression reinforcement:
Ssc = 1.5m*Scb*(x-d')/x = 82.65 N/mm² < 205 OK

Check for shear

Critical shear, V = 1340127 N

Effective area, A = 11437500 mm²

Tensile reinforcement area = 13253.594 mm²

Compression reinforcement area = 7225.6631 mm²
Hence total reinforcement area = 20343.75 mm²
Percentage of steel provided = 0.178 %

Shear stress developed, tau= 0.1172 N/mm²

Permissible shear stress with longitudinal reinforcement = 0.197 N/mm²
OK
Reinforcement Area (mm2) Bar dia (mm) Nos Spacing (mm) c/c calculated/provided
Tensile reinforcement 13254 25 27 285 285 AS1
Compressive Reinforcement 7226 20 23 340 300 AS3
Maximum allowded spacing is 300 mm Hence provide at sapcing of 300 mm
Distribution Bar calculation
Let the percentage of distribution bars be 24 % of the total longitudinal reinforcement

Hence, area of distribution bars = 9830.0434 mm²

Let's use bars of 16 mm Unit area = 201.0619 mm²
Total number of distribution bars on each face of the stem = 25 nos
Spacing @ 225 mm c/c
Provided spacing 225 mm and bar dia is 16 mm (AS5)
No of Bar 24 on each face of stem

Summary of reinforcement of abutment stem Section

AS5 AS5
AS1 Ø 16 @ 225 c/c AS1+AS2 Ø 16 @ 225 c/c
Ø 25 @ 285 c/c AS3 Ø 25 @ 140 c/c AS3+AS4
Ø 20 @ 300 c/c Ø 20 @ 150 c/c
Above curtailment Below curtailment
AS3
AS1 Ø 20 @ 300 c/c
Ø 25 @ 285 c/c Height of curtailmnet
AS5
Ø 16 @ 225 c/c AS3+AS4
AS1+AS2 Ø 20 @ 150 c/c
Ø 25 @ 140 c/c

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 2.1.2 Design of Abutment Cap
Calculation of Vertical Load
Superstructure Dead Load 3480 KN
Live Load Including Impact 1299.524 KN
Total Load 4779.524 KN
Total Load per Girder 2389.762 KN
No of Longitidunal Girder 2
Depth of Abutment Cap D= 500 mm
Check For Punching Stress:
Bearing Size provided L= 400 mm
B= 300 mm
Allowable punching Stress = au p = ks(0.16
au_p ks(0.16*sqrt(fck))
sqrt(fck))

Where ks is minimum of 1 and 0.5 + bc and bc = B/L 0.75

So, ks = 1
Allowable punching Stress tau_p = 0.800 N/mm²
Total Punching Stress Developed au_developed = V/Po*D
where Po is perimeter of affected Area = 2 (2D+L+B)
Po 3400 mm
So Punching Stress Developed au_developed
So, d l d = 1.405742
1 405742 N/mm
N/mm²
Increase D 0.800 Increase Depth
As depth is safe for punching no additional reinforcement is required. Providing nominal reinforcement.

Reinforcement Bar dia (mm) Nos Spacing (mm) c/c provided Level
Reinforcement along length of cap 12 18 200 AC1
Stirrups around the cap 10 36 200 AC2
And Provide 2 layers of 6 mm bar mesh of
length L: 550 mm AC3
Breadth : 450 mm

Summary of reinforcement of abutment Cap Section

Ø6mm 2 layers of bar mesh AC3
Ø 10 @ 200 mmc/c AC2

Ø 12 @ 200 mmc/c AC1

Ø 10 @ 200 mmc/c AC2

Ø 12 @ 200 mmc/c AC1 Ø6mm 2 layers of bar mesh AC3

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 2.1.3 Design of Back Wall/DirtWall
Total Horizontal force due to earth pressure including live load surcharge is given by
0.5.s.(height of ballast wall+1.2(eq live load surcharge))2.tan2(45°-/2)*L= 259.84 KN
which acts at a distance 0.42H
0 42H from backwall base of 1.68
1 68 m
Total Seismic earth pressure Including live load surcharge is given by
(0.5* g Ka_dyn*H² *L) =
Horizontal component of this force = 24.94 kN
This force acts at 0.5*H, hence lever arm = 2m
Self weight of backwall 151.2 kN
these act at a distance from backwall toe of 0.15 m
Moment due to earth pressure about abutment base 436.53 kN.m
Moment due to seismic forces 49 89 kN.m
49.89 kN m
Moment due self weight 22.68 kN.m
Total Moment about backwall toe 509.10 kNm
Total Base Shear 284.79 kN
Providing 40 mm cover and total thickness of ballast wall is 300 mm
& dia of main bar & Distribution bar are 25 mm & 10 mm respectively
So, available effective depth = 222.5 mm

Critical neutral axis

axis, xc = Scbc deff/((Sst/m)+Scbc)
Scbc*deff/((Sst/m)+Scbc) 57.35
57 35 mm
Lever arm , Z = deff-xc/3 203.38 mm

Required area of tensile steel (M/Z*Sst) = 10429.80 mm²

So, No of main bar 22 @ spaicng 355 mm c/c >300 mm

Provided Reinforcement
Reinforcement Dia of Bar Spacing (mm) c/c provided Nos Level
Main Bar (Back Face) 25 285 27 AB1
Distribution Bar (Horizontal bar at
each face) 10 300 10 AB3
Compression Bar (Front Face) 20 300 26 AB2

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Summary of reinforcement of Back Wall
250 300

Ø 20 AB7
Ø 25 @ 285 mmc/c AB1

Ø 10 @ 300 mmc/c AB3

250
Ø 10 AB5
Ø 20 @ 300 mmc/c AB2

250 Ø 10 AB6

Ø 16 AB8

Ø 16 AB4
2.1.3 Design of Abutment Well Cap
0.25 0.3 1.3

0.2 134.3 Deck Level

1.0 A6 A7 0.5 2.8
0.65
A5 0.5
2.0 A2 0.5

2.0 0.1
A3 9.30 129.5 HFL
3.00
5.50
Y A1 3.83
0.15 A4
x 3.56
A T 125.00 SBL
1.30 0.45
1.50 A8
123.5 FBL
2.88 1.75 2.88
7.50 0.6
1.49

123.51 MSL
10.76
0.90
10.77

0.30
112.74

1.015

1.29
5.20

7.00

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Bp 1.75 2.625

θ E B

7.00

56.98 P2
266.77 392.64
P3 P1

Forces on Well Cap

Thickness of well cap 1.50 m
Self weight of well cap = 1385.4424 kN
Total vertical force from superstructure, abutment and backfill = 7266.37 kN
So total Vertical Load (Critical ) V = 8651.8168 kN
Critical Moment at base of stem M = 7535.30 kN-m
So, eccentricity (e = M/V) = 0.87 m
Pressure at the two ends of the cap, P1 & P2 = (V/A)*(1 ± 6e/B)
Where, B= External diameter of the well= 7.00 m
A= Area of Well steining (outer face)
face)= 38.48 m2
So, P1 = 392.64 kN/m2
& P2 = 56.98 kN/m2
2
P3 = 266.77 kN/m

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 2
P4 (Average) = 329.71 kN/m
<ABC = 2.64 rad
151.04 deg
<DEF = 2.46
2 46 rad
140.67 deg
Area of segment ABC (A1) = 13.182 m²
Area of segment DEF (A2) = 6.156 m²
Distance of CG of the segment ABC from the center of the circle (x1) = 1.968 m
Distance of CG of the segment DEF from the center of the circle (x2) = 1.589 m
Moment at section AC =
P4*A1*[x1-(Bp/2)] - P4*A2*[x2-(Bp/2)] + (Vwc/A)*A1*[x1-(Bp/2)] = 3820.61 kNm
Design of well cap:
Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/(m*Scbc+Sst)] = 0.26
Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] = 0.914089
Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc/2*Z*Xc] = 0.981625
Width of Section AC = 6.777721 m
Moment of Resistance = width of Section AC *R = 6653.181 d2
Minimum Effective depth requireq deff_min [sqrt(M/R*b] = 757.7952 mm
Let the dia of main bar 25 mm and cover provided be 70 mm
So the effective depth of well Cap 1335 mm Ok
Area of Reinforcement required Ast [M/Z*AC*deff*Sst] = 1924.723 m2 per m
Providing 25 mm dia bar at spacing 150 mm c/c AWC1
Ast provided 3272.5 m2 per m
Ok
Provide 25 mm dia bar @ spacing 150 mm c/c AWC2
(Top Bar)
& providing 25 mm dia bar @ spacing 150 mm c/c AWC3
both bottom and top cross bars AWC4
Check for shear
Shear (Critical) Force per meter = 1276.508 N per m
Area of wellcap to resist the load = 1.3 m²
(Taking one meter strip) = 1335000 mm²
Shear stress = 0.0010 N/mm²
Percent of tensile reinforcement per meter length = 0.25 %
Permissible shear stress (IRC:21-2000, Table 12.B) 0.218 ok
Summary of Well Cap

Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c AWC3 Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c AWC2

8 nos Ø 20 AWC5

Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c AWC

Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c AWC4

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Design of Abutment Well

Maximum Scour Level 123.51 m

Lowest Water Level 75.50 m
Average Ground Level 75.82 m
Height of Abutment (From Stem to Road level) 9.30 m
Equivalent height including live load surcharge (1.2 m 10.50 m
Length of Abutment 7.5 m
Offsets of the base slab from the edge of abutment stem 0.00 m each side
Total Length of Abutment 7.50 m
Hence Diameter of well capcap= 7.5 m
Height of Abutment from Cap Base 10.80 m
Unit weight of plugging concrete wp_conc 22
Unit weight of dry sand w_sand 16
Unit weight of saturated sand ws_sand 18
Unit weight of submerged soil ω 18 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient aH 0.0096
Vertical seismic coefficient an 0.0048
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth a 0
Angle of internal friction of soil f 35
Angle of friction between soil and wall d 22
Minimum Grip Length = D/3 (IRC:78-2000, 705.3.1) = 1.997 m
Where, D = Maximum scour depth from HFL
Required minimum founding level = 121.51 ok
Bearing capacity at founding level = 972 kN/m²
Minimum thickness of the steining t = kk*d*(L)^0
d (L) 0.55 = 0 69 m
0.69
where, k = 0.03 for concrete (IRC:78-2000, 708.2.3)
d = external diamtere of well in meter
L = Depth of well below well cap or LWL, taking the greater
Provided thickness of steining = 0.90 m ok
Diameter of well cap = 7.50 m
Area of well cap = 44.18 m²
Area of well cap behind the abutment wall = 37.62 m²
Cross section area of well with respect to outer dia = 38 48
38.48 m²
m
Cross section area of well with respect to inner dia = 21.24 m²
Net cross section area of steining = 17.25 m²
Volume of bottom plug:
Above the curb = 6.37 m³
within the curb = 38.38 m³
Below the curb = 19.52 m³
Volume of top plug = 12.74 m³
Volume inside the well between the plugs = 182.10
182 10 m
m³
Calculation of area and CG of abutment with respect to the point A
Symbol Area (m2) CG-X CG-Y Weight (KN)
A1 1.65 0.15 4.65 297.00
A1' 1.14 0.15 7.40 205.20
A2 0.65 0.95 5.75 117.00
A3 8.8 0.93 2.75 1584.00
A4 1.2375 1.65 1.83 222.75
A5 2 -0 67
-0.67 7 63
7.63 19 20
19.20
A6 2 -1.00 8.80 19.20
A7 0.125 -0.13 8.85 22.50
Total 17.60 2486.85
Position of CG 0.798 3.559
Position of CG From Point T 3.827 m
Position of CG relative to superstructure load point = 0.152 m
Buyoncy (IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)
As per IRC: 6 - 2000, 216.5 only 15% of the upward force will be taken for portion below scour depth
Volume of submerged part of abutment stem = 57.68 m³
Volume of the well cap = 66.27 m³
Abutment_well_FoundationA2
Volume
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 of
andwell
Pierabove
3 scour depth -0.38 m³
 Volume of well below scour level 414.48 m³
Upward lift due to buyoncy during HFL = -1857.4 kN
Upward lift due to buyoncy during LWL = -1280.5 kN
Calculation of loads and forces as per IRC:45 1972, 4.1
IRC:45-1972

Particulars Vertical Horizontal force at Lever Lever arm Moment

load at the the MSL arm (for (for about the
base of the vertical horizontal base of
well force) wrt force) wrt well, kNm
the base the base

Non seismic forces

Dead Loads
Dead load from superstructure 3480.00 0.152 529.10
Abutment dead load 2486.85 -0.077 -191.59
Well cap dead load 1590.43
Well steining above MSL (DL) -4.14
Well steining below MSL (DL) 4458.09
Curb (DL) 243.85
Top Plug (DL) 280.33
Bottom Plug (DL) 1414.09
Sand filling (DL) 3277.83
Approach slab 108.00 -2.375 -256.50

Critical live load 1299.52 0.152 197.58

Additional force due to tilt/shift (Max. tilt = 1/80 and max. shift = 150 mm)

Dead load from superstructure 3480.00 0.385 1338.06

Abutment dead load 2486.85 0.348 864.78
Well cap dead load 1590.43 0.150 238.56
Well steining above MSL (DL) -4.14 0.352 -1.46
Well steining below MSL (DL) 4458.09 0.217 968.80
Top Plug (DL) 280.33 0.281 78.70
Sand filling (DL) 3277.83 0.204 667.34
Total due to DL 4154.79

Due to Live Load 1299.52 0.385 499.67

Braking force 54.33 22.760 1236.53
Frictional force on bearings 54.43 18.760 1021.14

Forces due to backfill soil mass* 5597.28 1790.47 -2.313 15.302 14453.70

Buyoncy
During HFL -1857.37
During LWL -1280.55

Force of water current

Wind force

Seismic forces**
Superstructure DL 167.04 334.08 0.152 18.760 6292.74
Abutment 119.37 238.74 -0.077 15.819 3767.45
Well cap 76.34 152.68 11.510 1757.36
Approach slab: -0.20 -0.40 -2.375 21.460 -8.06
Well steining above MSL 213.99 427.98 10.765 4607.17
Well steining below MSL 11.71 23.41 5.385 126.06

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Top plug 13.46 26.91 10.460 281.50
Bottom plug 67.88 135.75 0.793 107.61
Sand filling 157.34 314.67 4.287 1349.10

Backfill soil mass 268.67 537.34 -2.313 6.14 2677.96

* Static horizontal earth pressure = 0.5* g * H² * tan²(45° - f/2)*L

Here, H is taken as depth from point of application to the MSL
Load Combinations [IRC:78-2000, 706.1.1]
The following load combinations are considered
A . Combination I : With Live Load and HFL, No Earthquake
B. Combination I + Eqrthquake and HFL 25% increase in allowable base pressure
C. Comb. II :No L L+ Earthquake and LWL 25% increase in allowable base pressure
A. Combination A : with live load and HFL, No seismic force
G+Q+Fwc+Ff+Fb+Gb+Fep
Loads Vertical loads, kN Horizont Moment
al forces, (at the
kN base)
Dead load (G) 17335.34 81.01
Live load (Q) 1299.52439 197.58
Water current (Fwc)
Resistance from bearing (Ff) 54.432 1021.14
Braking/Tractive force (Fb) 54.33 1236.53
Buyoncy at HFL (Gb) -1857.37
Earth pressure (Fep) 5597.28 1790.47 14453.70
Moment due to tilt/shift 4654.45
Total 22374.78 1899.23 21644.42
B. Combination B: Combination A during HFL with sieismic force
Combination I + Feq + Fwp
Loads Vertical loads, kN Horizont Moment
al forces, (at the
kN base)
Combination A 22374.78 1899.23 21644.42
Moment due to tilt/shift 4654.45
Seismic force, Feq 1095.58 2191.16 20958.90
Total 23470.36 4090.39 47257.78
C. Combination II: No Live load with Seismic force during LWL
G+Fwc+Gb+Fep+Ff+Feq or W
Loads Vertical loads, kN Horizont Moment
al forces, (at the
kN base)
Dead load (G) 17335.34 81.01
Water current (Fwc)
Buyoncy (Gb) -1280.55
Earth
E th pressure (F(Fep)) 5597.28
5597 28 1790.47
1790 47 14453.70
14453 70
Resistance from bearing (Ff) 54.432 1021.1443
Moment due to tilt/shift 4154.79
Seismic force, Feq 1095.58 2191.16 20958.90
Total 22747.65 4036.07 40669.55
Check for Stability of the well and Soil Resistance
According to IRC:45 - 1972, Para 4, tha stability of the well is ensured if the following
condition is satisfied
m*M/I ≤ ω *(kp-ka)
*(kp k )

H > M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W

and H < M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W
Where, cos2
kp = Passive soil pressure coefficient =
2
sin( + z) sin 
1- cos z

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 cos2
ka = Active soil pressure coefficient =
2
sin( + z) sin 
1+
cos z

Ф= Angle of internal friction of soil

z= Angle of friction between wall of the well and soil = 0.67Ф but ≤ 22.5°
r= (D/2) * I / mIv
W= Total downwards loads acting at the base of the well
H= Total horizontal forces acting at the scour level
M= Total applied monent at the base of the well
well, including tilts and shifts
I= Ib + m*Iv (1 + 2 µ' a)
m= KH/K = Ratio of horizontal to vertical coefficient of subgrade reaction.
In case of absence of the values, its assumed as 1.0
µ= Coefficient of friction between base and the soil = Tan Ф
µ' = Coefficient of friction between sides and the soil = Tan δ
Where δ is the angle of wall friction between the well and soil = z
a= Diameter / π D for cricular well
Diameter = Outer diameter of the well and D = Depth of well below scour
Ib = Moment of inertia of the base about the axis normal to the direction
of horizontal forces passing through its C.G.
Iv = Moment of inertia of the projected area in elevation of the soil mass
offering resistance = LD³ / 12
Where, L = projected width of the soil mass offering resistance
multiplied by appropriate shape factor (0.9 for circular well)
ω= Density of the soil (submerged density if below water table)

We have, Ф= 0.611 radian 35 degrees

δ = z = 0.67*Φ 0.409 radian 23.45 degrees
Unit weight of submerged soil, ω = 18 kN/m³

sin Φ = 0.5735764 cos Φ = 0.8192 sin (Φ+z) = 0.8522

cos z = 0.9174
µ = 0.7002 µ' = 0.4338 m = 1.0

Hence kp = 9.1997
ka = 0.2242

ω*(kp-ka) = 161.559

4
Moment of inertia of base, Ib = π*(R^4)/64 = 117.859 m
4
Moment of inertia of well, Iv = LD³/12 = 307.84 m
a= 0.2068866
0 2068866
Hence I = 480.954
r= 8.4132
Check for the condition: H > M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W
Load Case A:
W = 22374.78 H= 1899.23 M= 21644.42
M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W = -12312.91 < H ok
Load Case B:
W = 23470.36
23470 36 H= 4090 39
4090.39 M= 47257 78
47257.78
M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W = -9110.92 < H ok
Load Case C:
W = 22747.65 H= 4036.07 M= 40669.55
M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W = -9625.81 < H ok
Check for the condition: H < M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W
Load Case A:
W = 22374.78 H= 1899.23 M= 21644.42
M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W 19021.07 > H ok
Load Case B:
W = 23470.36 H= 4090.39 M= 47257.78 Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design M/r (1- Abutment
of Well µ * µ' ) + µA2*Wand Pier 3 23757.32 > H ok
 Load Case C:
W = 22747.65 H= 4036.07 M= 40669.55
M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W 22230.35 > H ok
Check for the stability in elastic state: m M/I ≤ ω *(kp-ka)
m*M/I (kp ka)
Case A: M= 21644.42
m*M / I = 45.003 < 161.559 ok

Case B: M= 47257.78
m*M / I = 98.258 < 161.559 ok

Case C: M= 40669.55
m*M
m M/I= 84.560 < 161.559 ok
Check for the bearing pressure:
The Base Pressure should not be greater than annowable bearing capacity and
should not be negative at any point withing the base of the well

σ1 = [(W - μ' P)/A] + MB/2I

σ2 = [(W - μ' P)/A] - MB/2I
Where, A = Area of the base of the well
B = Width of the base of the well in the direction of forces and moments
P = M/r
We have, A= 38.48 B= 7.00 µ' = 0.4338

Case A: W= 22374.78 M= 21644.42

hence, P= 2572.68
σ1 = 709.91 < 972 kN/m² ok
σ2 = 394.89 > 0 No tension, ok
Case B: W= 23470 36
23470.36 M= 47257 78
47257.78
hence, P= 5617.10
σ1 = 890.46 < 1215 kN/m² # ok
σ2 = 255.92 > 0 No tension, ok
Case C: W= 22747.65 M= 40669.55
hence, P= 4834.02
σ1 = 832.56 < 1215 kN/m² # ok
σ2 = 285.74 > 0 No tension, ok
# The
Th allowable
ll bl base
b pressure increased
i d by
b 25% (IRC
(IRC:78-2000,
78 2000 706.1.2)
706 1 2)
Design of the Well steining
Design cosntants:
Concrete grade (fck) 20 N/mm²
Steel grade (fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Sst = 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Ssc = 115 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 6.67 N/mm²
Allowable
All bl comp. stress
t in
i concrete
t in
i direct
di t compressioni Scc
S = 5 N/mm²
N/ ²
Modular ratio (m) m= 10
Allowable stress in tension in concrete (PCC) 0.53 N/mm²
Forces and Moments at the maximum scour level
Dead loads
Particulars Vertical Horizontal force Lever Lever arm Moment
force arm (for (for
vertical) horizontal)
DL from superstructure 3480 00
3480.00 0 152
0.152 529 10
529.10
DL of abutment 2486.85 -0.077 -191.59
Well cap 1590.43
Well steining above MSL -4.14
Backfill soil mass (vertical comp) 5597.28 -2.313 -12943.72
Backfill soil mass (hor. Comp)) 1790.47 5.036 9016.45
Resistance of bearing 54.432 7.990 434.91
Live load eccentricity 1299.52 0.152 197.58
Braking force 54.33 11.990 651.40
Buyoncy during HFL -1235.6494
Buyoncy during LWL -658.83
Abutment_well_FoundationA2
Forces due to tilt & shift
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Dead load from superstructure 3480.00 0.285 991.37
Abutment dead load 2486.85 0.213 529.99
Well cap dead load 1590.43 0.159 253.28
Well steining above MSL 4.14
-4.14 0.159 0.66
-0.66
Top Plug 280.33 0.146 40.96
Live load 1299.52 0.285 370.20
Seismic forces
Superstructure DL 167.04 334.08 0.152 7.990 2694.70
Abutment 119.37 238.74 -0.077 5.049 1196.25
Well cap 76.34 152.68 0.740 112.98
Approach slab: -0.20 -0.40 -2.375 10.690 -3.78
Well steining above MSL 213.99 427.98 -0.005
0.005 -2.14
2.14
Top plug 13.46 26.91 -0.310 -8.34
Summary of forces and moments at the scour level
V, kN H, kN M, kNm
Case A: 13214.30 1899.23 -120.72
Case B: 13804.29 3079.22 6054.08
Case C: 13081.59 3024.89 3019.96
Section of zero shear from the maximum scour level
X = [2FH / ω(kp-ka)B]^0.5
ω(kp ka)B] 0.5 F
F= factor of safety = 2.00
Case A Case B Case C
Hence, X= 3.36 7.23 7.14
The maximum moments, Mmax = Mo + (2H/3) * X
where, Mo = Moment at the scour level

Case A Case B Case C

Hence, Mmax = 4131.97 20903.67 17413.79
Stresses in the steining
f1 = (V/A) + (Mmax/ I)* y
f2 = (V/A) - (Mmax/ I)* y
where, V = vertical loads at the depth X below the scour level
A = Area of corss section of the steining
I = Moment of inertia of the well steining
Vertical loads at the level of X: Case A Case B Case C
14604.61 16798.61 16036.14
Area of cross section of steining, A = 17.25 m
m²
4
Net moment of inertia of steining, I = 81.97 m
IRC:78-2000, 706.1.2 Case A Case B Case C
Maximum stress f1 = 1023.21 1866.56 1673.34 kN/m²

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 = 1.023 1.867 1.673 N/mm²
Allowable stress 6.667 10.000 10.000 N/mm²
ok ok ok ok
Minimum stress f2 = 670.34 81.40 186.21 kN/m
kN/m²
0.670 0.081 0.186 N/mm²
Allowable stress (tensile) -0.53 -0.795 -0.795 N/mm²
Provide tensile reinforcement ok oktensile Reinforcement
Provide Tensile Reinforcement!!!
Nominal reinforcement: 0.12 % of the cross section area of well
= 20697 mm² to be proportaionately distrubuted on
both faces
Let the clear cover = 75 mm and mm Ø of horizontal tie bar 10 mm
Hence the dia of the outer line of reinforcement= 6.814 m
and the dia of the inner line of reinforcement = 5.386 m
Proportion for inner and outer reinforcement 0.56 0.44
Lets provide 150 nos of Ø 16 mm bars. Unit area = 201.06
Total provided area 30159 mm² ok 45.72 % more
Let's provide 84 nos bars @ 255 mm c/c along outer face AW1
67 nos bars @ 255 mm c/c along inner face AW2
Minimum Hoop reinforcement @ 0.04% of the concrete volume
Volume of concrete per meter length of the steining = 17.25 m³
Hence required minimum reinforcement = 0.00690 m³
Providing 10 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c AW3
Effective number of bars per meter (on each face) = 4.00 nos &
Length of outer and inner ring = 21.457 m 16.870 m AW4
Hence volume of rings per meter length of the well 0.01204 m³ ok
0.070 %

Ø 16 @ 255 mmc/c AW1

Ø 16 @ 255 mmc/c AW2

Ø 10 @ 250 mmc/c AW3

Sand Fill

Ø 10 @ 250 mmc/c AW4

Section of Steining
Design of Curb
Mean diameter of the curb, d = 6.175 m
Weight of steining per meter, N= 229.59 kN/m 0.90
Angle of bevel θ = 55 degree
Angle of friction between soil 0.075
and concrete β = 20
Coefficient of friction between 0.300
concrete and soil, μ = tan β = 0.364
Force
Fo ce du
duringg sinking
s g 1.59
.59 Q
P = N / (μSinθ + μCosθ) H 1.29

= 452.93 kN/m 55 P
H = P(sinθ - μcosθ) 0.150
= 276.46 kN/m
Total Hoop tension during sinking accounting for sandblowing H = 0.75 H*d
Hence H = 1280.35 kN
Force during resting on bottom plug
We have,
Depth of inclined portion of curb, hc = 1.29 m
Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Additional depth of curb, ha = 0.300 m

Area of base, A = 38.48 m²

Total vertical load V Case A Case B Case C
22374.78 23470.36 22747.65 kN
Pressure on soil, q = 581.40 609.87 591.09 kN/m²
Internal diameter of well (di) = 5.20
Height of inclined portion of curb 1.29 < 5.2/2 = 2.6
hence depth of sump below tip of curb = (di/2)-hc-ha = 1.015 m
Hence maximum depth of bottom plug (R) = 2.600 m

Total Hoop tension = qq*d³ (16*R)

d / (16 R)
Case A Case B Case C
3290.72 3451.85 3345.56 kN

Taking the maximum among these values, Critical hoop tension, Hc = 3451.85 kN
= 559.00 kN/meter
For granular soil, relief due to active earth pressure around the curb, C = (p1+p2)*(hd/4)
where, p1 = Active earth pressure at depth D = ω * Ka *D= 43.47
p2 = Active earth pressure at depth D h = ω * Ka * (D - h) =
D-h 37.07
Ka = Coefficient of active earth pressure
ω= density of submerged soil
D= Depth of well below scour level
h= Total depth of curb = hc+ha

Then, hoop compression, C = 197.10

Net hoop tension, H = Hc - C = 361.90 kN
Moment due to this force, M = H * (h/2) = 286.87 kNm
Effective depth, d_eff = 890.00 mm
Z= 0.9
Area of steel required = M/(Z*d_eff*Sst) = 1492.24 mm² / meter

Privide Ø 20 mm @ 200 c/c AW5 & AW8

Provided steel = 1570.80 ok
Hoop reinforcement (circular rings)
Hoop tension = 559.00 kN
Required minimum area of steel = H/Sst = 2329.18 mm² per meter depth of the curb
Privide Ø 20 mm @ 120 c/c AW6 & AW7
Provided hoop reinforcement = 2617.99 ok

Ø 12 @ 200 mmc/c AW9

Ø 20 @ 120 mmc/c AW6

Ø 200 @ 200
00 mmc/c AW5
W5 Ø 200 @ 200
00 mmc/c AW8
W8

2 ISA 150 X 150 X 12 Angle

MS Steel Plate 350x12 welded
to bolt @ 300 mm interval
12 mm stiffner plate welded
@400 mm interval
Ø 20 @ 120 mmc/c AW7

Abutment_well_FoundationA2
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Cap A2
Unit Weight
Label Shape Dia Nos Length Weight(Kg)
(Kg)/m

AC1 7370 12 18 7.370 0.888 117.777

1470
AC2 10 36 3.910 0.617 86.784
2x50 435

600
Pitch 75
mm
AC3 bothways, 500 6 4 16.000 0.222 14.205
2 layers

Total 218.766
218 766
No of Cap 1 Total Weight 218.766

Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Stem A2

Unit Weight
Label Shape Dia Nos Length Weight(Kg)
(Kg)/m
450

AS1 7370 25 27 8.270 3.853 860.417

450

AS2
4185 25 27 4 635
4.635 3 853
3.853 482 229
482.229

450
450

AS3 7370 20 23 8.27 2.466 469.086

450

AS4 4185 20 23 4.635 2.466 262.904

450

7370

AS5 875 875 16 24 18.240 1.578 690.932

7370
Total 2765.568
No of Stem 1 Total Weight 2765.568

1.0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 Abutment Detailing A2

 Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Back Wall A2
Unit Weight
L b l
Label Sh p
Shape Dia
Di Nos
N Length
L th W i ht(K )
Weight(Kg)
(Kg)/m
250

AB1 4550 25 27 4.8 3.853 499.395

250

AB2
4300 20 26 4.55 2.466 291.746

7370
AB3
250 250 10 10 15.74 0.617 97.043

AB4 220 500 300 16 28 1 82

1.82 1 578
1.578 80 432
80.432

700
100

AB5 500
10 56 0.65 0.617 22.442
75 75

250
AB6 10 28 0.40 0.617 6.905
75 75

AB7 7420 20 1 7.42 2.466 18.299

AB8 7420 16 2 7.420 1.578 23.423

Total 1039.685
No of Back Wall 1 Total Weight 1039.685

1.0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 Abutment Detailing A2

 Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Well Cap A2
Unit Weight
Label Shape Dia Nos Length Weight(Kg)
(Kg)/m
Avg
AWC1 718 4185 718 25 50 5.621 3.853 1082.987

Avg of 500- 7370

AWC2 718 4185 718 25 50 5.621 3.853 1082.987

AWC3 718 4185 718 25 50 5.621 3.853 1082.987

AWC4 718 4185 718 25 50 5.621 3.853 1082.987

AWC5

Avg Dia= 7172.5 20 10 22.54 2.466 555.870

Avg Length = 22540
Total 4887.817
No of Well Cap 1 Total Weight 4887.817

1.0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 Abutment Detailing A2

 Design of Pier 3
Section of Pier

A B C 0.75 1.31
TPL 131

1
2.500 2.500 2.00

4.12

BPL 129.00
9.00
HFL 129.5
3.40 6.00
2.20 4.0
7.50

SBL 125.00

1.50 1.50

FBL 123.5
7.50 7.50

This prelimanry section is defined by considering SBL = Stem Bottom Level

hydrological
g analysis and geotechnical
g recommendation FBL = Footingg Bottom Level
MSL = Maximum Scour Level
Material Properties
Concrete grade (fck) 25 N/mm²
Steel grade (fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Sst = 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Ssc = 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 8.33 N/mm²
N/mm
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Scc = 6.25 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) m= 10
Neutral axis factor k 0.32
j 0.89
The resisting moment coefficient R 0.95
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
L l
Levels
High Flood Level 129.5 m
Maximum Scour level for Pier 120.1 m
Level of Deck Surface 134.3 m
Thickness of Pier cap (overall Thickness) 2.00 m
Top level of pier cap (TPL) 131 m
Top level of Footing (SBL) 125 m
Thickness of Footing/Cap 1.50 m
Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL) 123.50 m
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 7 Pier_CAP+STEM P3
 Thickness of Bearing including concrete pedestal 0.5 m
Hence the total height of Pier H= 7.50 m
Soil Data & Seismic Data
Unit weight of backfill soil  16 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete conc 24 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient  0.096
Vertical seismic coefficient  0.048
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth  0
Angle of internal friction of soil  33
Angle of friction between soil and wall  22
Design of Pier Cap

Forces on the Pier at Point A B C

Distance from center -2.50 0.00 2.50
Total Dead Load from superstructure (kN) 1740.00 0.00 1740.00
Total Critical Live load including impact (kN) 641.28 0.00 641.00
Moment at the edge of the stem shaft
Due to dead load of the cap itself = 762.04 Kn-m
Due to dead load from superstructure = 4872.00 Kn-m
Due to live load excluding impact = 1795.57 Kn-m
Due to Impact load = 897.79 Kn-m
Hence Total Moment 8327.39 Kn-m
Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/(m*Scbc+Sst)] = 0.26
Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] = 0.91
Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc*Z*Xc] = 1.96
Assuming b=1 m
Minimum Effective depth requireq deff_min [sqrt(M/R*b] = 1014.65 mm
Provided Over all Depth 2000 mm
Cover provided (Top and Cover) 40 mm
Diameter of bar 32 mm
So, effective actual depth deff 1944 mm Ok
Distance of the bearing center from the face of stem = 1400 mm
Cap Can be designed as cantilever
2
Area of Reinforcement required Ast [M/Z*deff*Sst] = 19526 mm
Provide 32 mm bars at spacing 150.00 mm c/c, so nos of bars are 28
Provided area of tensile reinforcement = 22519 mm2 OK AP1
Reinforcement at the bottom (compression side)
Provide 20 mm bars at spacing 220.00 mm c/c, so nos of bars are 19
2
Provided area of tensile reinforcement = 5969 mm AP2
Check for Shear AP6
Shear force at the critical section
Due to dead load of the cap p itself = 504.288 kN
Due to dead load from superstructure = 3480 kN
Due to live load excluding impact = 1282.5518 kN
Due to Impact load = 641.27588 kN
Total Shear force V= 5908.1156 kN
Shear Stress developed, tau = V/(B*D) 0.7170043 N/mm²
Allowable shear stress for the section (IRC:21-2000, Table 12A) = 1.9 Section ok for shear
(tension+compression) pt =
Percentage of longitudinal steel (tension+compression), 0.356 %
Allowable shear stress (IRC:21-2000, Table 12B) = tc = 0.254 < 0.717
Shear reinforcement is required
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 7 Pier_CAP+STEM P3
 Shear resisted by the longitudinal steel and concrete section = tc * B * d_eff =
2032914 N
Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement Vus = 3875202 N
Providing 4 legs of 16 mm Ø bars
The shear steel area Asv = 804.25 mm²
Spacing of bars Sst * Asv *d_eff / Vus = 95 mm c/c
Check for shear at bearings
Check shear at a distance 1.40 m from the face of the stem
Total Depth of beam at the bearing = 1588 mm
Effective Depth of beam at the bearing= 1532 mm
Shear forces:
Due to dead load of the cap itself = 179.15 kN
Due to dead load from superstructure = 3480.00 kN
Due to live load excluding impact = 1282.55 kN
Due to Impact load = 641.28 kN
Total V= 5582.97 kN
Shear Stress developed, tau = V/(B*D) 0.85 N/mm²
Allowable shear stress for the section (IRC:21-2000,
(IRC:21 2000 Table 12A) = 1 90
1.90 Section ok for shear
Percentage of longitudinal steel (tension+compression), pt = 0.451 %
Allowable shear stress (IRC:21-2000, Table 12B) = 0.312 N/mm²
Shear resisted by the longitudinal steel and concrete section = tc * B * d_eff =
1970882 N
Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement Vus = 3612093 N
Providing 8 legs of 16 mm Ø bars
The
Th shear
h steell area Asv
A = 1608.50
1608 50 mm²²
Spacing of bars Sst * Asv *d_eff / Vus = 160 mm c/c AP3
Skin reinforcement @ 0.1% of gross sectional area of the beam 8009 mm²
For each side = 4005 mm² each side
Providing 12 mm bars 10 layers hence, 5 nos each side
Provided area at each side = 10 legged 5655 mm² each side
AP4
Check for punching shear AP5
Average depth of section at bearing, i.e. at 0.95 m from the stem face 1894 mm

Allowable punching pressure, tau_p = ks(0.16*sqrt(fck))

Where, ks = the minimum of 1 and 0.5+bc = 1
bc = B/L = 0.75
hence,, tau_p
p= 0.8

Total punching stress developed = tau_punch = V/Lo*D

Where Lo = perimeter around the critical plane = 2*(2D+L+B) = 7987.7778 mm
Hence, tau_punch = 0.0001256 N/mm²
Which is < 0.8 OK

0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 7 Pier_CAP+STEM P3

 Summary of reinforcement of Pier Cap
Ø 32 @ 150 mm c/c AP6
Ø 12 @ 10 layers mm c/c AP4 Ø 32 @ 150 mm c/c AP1
Ø 32 @ 150 mm c/c AP1
Ø 16 @ 160 mm c/c AP3

Ø 12 @ 10 layers
y mm c/c / AP4
Ø 20 @ 220 mm c/c AP2 Ø 12 @ 10 layers mm c/c AP5

Ø 20 @ 220 mm c/c AP2

Design of Pier Stem

Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrains) L= 6000 mm

Diameter of column D 2200 mm
Effective length of column (IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1) Le = 7200 mm
[ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Impact Total Load Total Load CG of Load
Forces on the Pier at factor (absolute) (incl
(incl. impact) wrt center,
center
Point from (excl. m
superstructure A B C impact)
Distance from center -2.5 0 2.5
Dead Load (kN) 1 1740 0 1740 3480.00 3480.00 0.000
Live load (kN) 1.110 641.28 0 641 1282.28 1423.01 -0.001
Analysis and Design of pier Stem
Dead Load
Dead Load From Superstructure 3480 kN
Dead Load due to pier cap 712.80 kN
Dead Load of Pier Stem 364.93 kN
Total Dead Load 4558 kN
Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class A)
H i ht off deck
Height d k surface
f from
f the
th pier
i cap= 33 m
3.3
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level 10.50 m from base
Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle = 543.29 kN
Therefore braking force length = 108.658 kN

0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 7 Pier_CAP+STEM P3

 Moment Due to Breaking Force 1140.91 kN-m
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Area of stem at top = 3.801 m²
Depth of submerged part of Pier = 4.50 m
Volume of submerged part of pier = 17.11 m³
Net upward force due to buyoncy = -171.06 kN
Live Load
Live Load Excluding Impact = 1423.01 kN
which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center) -0.001 m
Critical moment due to live load eccentricity -0.77 kN-m
Frictional force due to resistance of bearings
g (temperature
( p effect))
Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (C) = 0.000009
Length of main girders (L) 35000 mm
Width of girder (a) 400 mm
Assume width of elastomeric bearing (parallel to span) (b) 300 mm
Assume thickness of elastomeric bearing (T) 50 mm
Differential temperature in celcius (dt) 30 degree
Number of main girders = 2
Assume Shear modulus of elastomer (G) 1.2 N/mm²
(range 0.6 to 1.2)
Elongation of the girder (D) = C*L*dt 9.45 mm
Plan area of the bearing (A) = 120000 mm²
Longitudinal force transmitted to the pier
F = G*A*D / T = 27.216 kN per bearing
Total
T l force
f from
f allll bearings
b i 54.43
54 43 kN
Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings, 54.43 kN
And this force acts along the bridge at 6.00 m from base of stem
Moment due to temperature effect 326.59 kN-m
(From S. Sir)
Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current 4.50 m
perimeter Area exposed 15.55 m
Maximum mean velocity m/sec 2.45
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V = 3.46
Shape factor for square end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K = 0.66
Pressure intensity =0.5KV² (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) = 3.96165
Hence force due to water current = 41.07 kN
Moment due to water current 184.82 kN-m
Seismic Forces on
Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also considered.
Horizontal seismic forces:
Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Superstructure: 334.08 6.00 2004.48
Pier cap 68.43 5.00 342.14
Pier stem 35 03
35.03 2 00
2.00 70 07
70.07
Total 437.54 2416.69
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure: 167.04
Pier cap 34.21
Pier stem 17.52
Total 218.77

0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 7 Pier_CAP+STEM P3

 Loads and Moment Calculation
Vertical Horizontal load along Horizont Moment Moment
load, P traffic(Y-Y) al load along traffic across traffic
across (Y Y)
(Y-Y) (X-X)
(X X)
traffic (X-
X)
combination I Dry case, Non-seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1
Total Dead load 1 4557.73
Live load 1 1423.01 -0.77
Tractive/Braking force 1 108.66 108.66 1140.91
F i ti
Frictional
l fforce 1 54 43
54.43 326 59
326.59
Total 6089.40 163.09 0.00 1467.50 -0.77
combination VI Dry case, Seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5
Non seismic forces
Total Dead load 1 4557.73
Live load 0.5 711.51 -0.38
Tractive/Braking force 0.5 54.33 54.33 570.45
Frictional force 0.5 27.22 163.30
Seismic forces 1 218.77 437.54 437.54 2416.69 2416.69
Total 5542.33 519.09 437.54 3150.44 2416.31
combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1
Total Dead load 1 4557.73
Live load 1 1423.01 -0.77
Tractive/Braking g force 1 108.66 108.66 1140.91
Frictional force 1 54.43 326.59
Buyoncy 1 -171.06
Water Current 1 41.07 184.82
Total 5918.34 163.09 41.07 1467.50 184.06
combination VI-a Flooded case, Seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5
Total Dead load 1 4557.73
Live load 05
0.5 711 51
711.51 -0.38
0 38
Tractive/Braking force 0.5 54.33 54.33
Frictional force 0.5 27.22
Buyoncy 1 -171.06 326.59
Water Current 1 41.07 184.82
Seismic forces 1 218.77 437.54 437.54 2416.69 2416.69
Total 5371.27 519.09 478.61 2743.28 2601.13
M i
Maximum Loads
L d 6089 40
6089.40 519 09 478.61
519.09 478 61 3150 44
3150.44 2601 13
2601.13
Resultant Critical forces: Vertical Load, P = 6089.40 kN
Horizontal Load, H = 706.06 kN
Moment, M = 3970.37 kN.m
Increment factor for allowable stresses* IRC:6-2000, 202.3
Sectional area of stem = (Ag) 3801327.1 mm²
Let Provide main reinforcement 1.2 % of Sectional area
Total Area of reinforcement 45615.925 mm²
Let Provide 32 mm dia bars. Provided Number of Bar 57 (AP7)
Spacing between the bars = 114 mm
Cover provided 40 mm
Grade of Concrete and Steel same as in Pier Cap
Let provided diameter of transverse reinforcement 12 mm
the diameter upp to the line of reinforcement Dc 2080 mm
So Area of Steel Provided (As) 45842.12 mm²
So Area of Concrete (Ac) 3755485.0 mm²
0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 7 Pier_CAP+STEM P3
 Check for Section capacity of Stem
Equivalent area of Section Ae = Ac+(1.5m-1)*As= 4397274.7 mm²
Equivalent moment of inertia of section Ie = (PI*D^4/64) + (m-1)*As*Dc² / 8
4
1.373E+12 mm
3
Ze = 2*Ie/D = 1248203834 mm
Scc = P/Ae = 1.385 N/mm²
Scb = M/Ze = 3.181 N/mm²
(Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) = 0.6033 <1
Satisfied
Check the section for shear
Resultant critical horizontal force: 706061 N
Shear stress developed, tau = 0.186 N/mm²
Percentage of longitudinal steel (as provided)= 1.206 %
Allowable shear stress tc = 0.433 N/mm² Satisfied
Hence, No shear reinforcement required. Provide nominal.
Provide 12 mm circular rings @ 120 mm c/c Diameter of ring (mm) 2120
(AP8)
Summary of reinforcement of Pier Stem

Ø 32 @ 114 mm c/c (AP7)

Ø 32 @ 114 mm c/c (AP7)

Ø 12 @ 120 mm c/c (AP8)

Ø 12 @ 120 mm c/c (AP8) 6 no Ø 12 @ 120 mm c/c (AP8)

Ø 12 @ 120 mm c/c (AP8)

0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 7 Pier_CAP+STEM P3

 Design Check of Pier Well P3
Section of Pier

A B C 1.31
TPL 131

1
2.500 2.500 2.00

2.40

BPL 129.00
9 00
9.00
HFL 129.5
3.40 6.00
2.20
7.50

SBL 125.00

1.50 1.50

FBL 123.5
0.6 7.50 7.50
3.4
MSL 120.1
0.90
9.00 7.00

5.20
4.31
0.3
1.29 114.50

1 015
1.015

This prelimanry section is defined by considering SBL = Stem Bottom Level

hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation FBL = Footing Bottom Level
MSL = Maximum Scour Level
Material Properties
Concrete grade (fck) 25 N/mm²
Steel grade (fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Sst = 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Ssc = 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 8.33 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Scc = 6.25 N/mm²
Allowable stress in tension in concrete (PCC) 0.61 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) m= 10
Neutral axis factor k 0.32
j 0.89
The resistingg moment coefficient R 0.95
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
Levels
High Flood Level 129.5 m
Lowest Water Level 127.50 m
Average Ground Level 125.40 m
Maximum Scour level for Pier 120.1 m
Level of Deck Surface 134.3 m
Thickness of Pier cap (overall Thickness) 2 m
Top level of pier cap (TPL) 131 m
Top level of Footing (SBL) 125 m
Thickness of Footing/Cap 1.5 m
Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL) 123.5 m
Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 1 Pier_Foundation P3
 Thickness of Bearing including concrete pedestal 0.5 m
Hence the total height of Pier H= 7.50 m
Soil Data & Seismic Data
Unit weight of backfill soil  16 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete conc 24 kN/m³
Unit weight of plugging concrete 22 kN/m³
Unit weight of Sand 18 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient  0.096
Vertical seismic coefficient  0.048
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth  0
Angle of internal friction of soil  33
Angle of friction between soil and wall  22
Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrains) L= 6000 mm
Diameter of column D 2200 mm
Effective length of column (IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1) Le = 7200 mm
[ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Minimum Grip Length = D/3 (IRC:78-2000, 705.3.1) = 3.133 m
Where, D = Maximum scour depth from HFL
Required minimum founding level = 116.97 ok
Bearing capacity at founding level = 719.00 kN/m²
Minimum thickness of the steining t = k*d*(L)^0.5 = 0.76 m
where, k = 0.03 for concrete (IRC:78-2000, 708.2.3)
d = external diamtere of well in meter
L = Depth of well below well cap or LWL, taking the greater
Provided thickness of steining = 0.90 m ok
Diameter of well cap = 7.50 m
Area of well cap (outer Dia) = 44.18 m²
Area of well (Inner Dia) = 25.52 m²
Net cross section area of steiningg = 18.66 m²
Volume of bottom plug:
Above the curb = 7.66 m³
within the curb = 7.84 m³
Below the curb = 22.41 m³
Volume of top plug = 26.51 m³
Volume inside the well between the plugs = 181.55 m³
Live Load
Impact factor Total Load Total Load CG of Load
Forces on the Pier at ((absolute)) ((incl. impact)
p ) wrt center,
Point from (excl. m
superstructure A B C impact)
Distance from center -2.50 0.00 2.50
Dead Load (kN) 1 1740.00 0.00 1740.00 3480.00 3480.00 0.00
Live load (kN) 1.110 641.28 0.00 641.00 1282.28 1423.01 0.00
Forces at bottom of Footing
Dead Load Total Load Load Considered % 85
Dead Load From Superstructure 6960.00 5916 kN
Dead Load due to p pier cap
p 712.80 605.88 kN
Dead Load of Pier Stem 364.93 310.19 kN
Dead load of well cap 1590.43 1351.87 kN
Well steining above MSL 1522.74 kN
Well steining below MSL 1932.39 kN
Curb 266.02 kN
Top Plug 336.83 kN
Bottom Plug 834.00 kN
Sand filling 3267.88 kN
Total Dead Load 16343.81
16343 81 kN
Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class A)
Height of deck surface from the pier cap= 3.3 m
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level 21.00 m from base
Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle = 700 kN
Total Considered
Therefore braking force length = 140.00 119.00 kN
Moment Due to Breaking Force 2499.00 2124.15 kN-m Moment Y-Y

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 2 Pier_Foundation P3

 Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Volume of submerged part of pier = 17.11 m³
Volume of the well cap = 66.27 m³
Volume of well above MSL = 130.85 m³
Volume of well below MSL = 247.40 m³
15% of the upward force will be taken for portion below scour (IRC:6-2000, 216.5)
Upward lift due to buyoncy during HFL = -2513.31 kN
Upward lift due to buyoncy during LWL = -2342.25 kN
Live Load
Live Load Excluding Impact = 1423.01 1209.56 kN
which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center) 0.00 m
Critical moment due to live load eccentricity -0.65 -0.65 kN-m along X-X
Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)
Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (C) = 0.000009
Length of main girders (L) 35000 mm
Width of girder (a) 400 mm
Assume width of elastomeric bearing (parallel to span) (b) 300 mm
Assume thickness of elastomeric bearing (T) 50 mm
Differential temperature in celcius (dt) 30 degree
Number of main girders = 2
Assume Shear modulus of elastomer (G) 1.2 N/mm²
(
(range 0.6
0 6 to 1.2)
1 2)
Elongation of the girder (D) = C*L*dt 9.45 mm
Plan area of the bearing (A) = 120000 mm²
Longitudinal force transmitted to the pier
F = G*A*D / T = 27.216 kN per bearing
Total force from all bearings 54.43 kN
Total Considered
Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings, 54.43 46.27 kN
And this force acts along the bridge at 16.50 m from base
Moment due to temperature effect 763.4088 648.90 kN-m
Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current 9.40 m
2
perimeter Area exposed 70.61 m
Maximum mean velocity m/sec 2.99 From Hydrology Report
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V = 4.23
Shape factor for square end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K = 0.66
Pressure intensity =0.5KV² (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) = 5.900466
Total Considered
Hence force due to water current = 277.744 236.08 kN
Moment due to water current 2219.174 1886.30 kN-m along X-X
Seismic Forces on
Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also considered.
Horizontal seismic forces at base:
Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Superstructure: 567.94 16.50 9370.94
Pier cap 58.16 15.50 901.55
Pi stem
Pier 29 78
29.78 12 50
12.50 372 23
372.23
Well cap 129.78 9.75 1265.35
Well steining above MSL 146.18 6.01 879.24
Well steining below MSL 185.51 2.16 400.21
Curb 25.54 0.64 16.41
Top Plug 32.34 8.70 281.32
Bottom Plug 80.06 0.79 63.46
Sand filling 313.72 4.99 1566.28
Total 1569.01 15117.00 along both X-X & Y-Y
Horizontal seismic force at MSL 931.84 kN
Vertical seismic forces: 784.50 kN
Vertical seismic forces at MSL 465.92 kN

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 3 Pier_Foundation P3

 Forces due to tilt and shift (Max. tilt = 1/80 and max. shift = 150 mm)
Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Dead Load From Superstructure 5916.00 0.356 2107.58
Dead Load due to pier cap 605.88 0.344 208.27
Dead Load of Pier Stem 310.19 0.306 95.00
Dead load of well cap 1351.87 0.272 367.54
Well steining above MSL 1522.74 0.225 342.90
Well steining below MSL 1932.39 0.177 341.97
Top Plug 336.83 0.239 80.63
Sand filling 3267.88 0.217 708.72
Moment due to tilt and shift along both X-X & Y-Y 4252.60 kN-m

Load Combinations [IRC:78-2000,

[IRC:78 2000, 706.1.1]
The following load combinations are considered
A . Combination I : With Live Load and HFL, No Earthquake
B. Combination I + Eqrthquake and HFL 25% increase in allowable base pressure
C. Comb. II :No L L+ Earthquake and LWL 25% increase in allowable base pressure
Load Case A: With Live Load and HFL, No Earthquake
Particular Load Vertical Horizontal load Horizonta Moment Moment
coefficient * load along traffic(Y-Y) l load along across
across traffic (Y- traffic (X-
traffic (X
(X- Y) X)
X)
Total Dead load 1 16343.81
Live load 1 1209.56 -0.65
Water current 1 236.08 1886.30
Tractive/Braking force 1 119.00 2124.15
Frictional force 1 46.27 648.89748
Buyoncy at HFL 1 -2513.31
Tilt and shift 1 4252.60 4252.59662
Total
T l 15040.06
15040 06 165.27
165 27 236.08
236 08 7025.64
7025 64 6138.24
6138 24

Load Case B: Combination I with Earthquake and HFL

Particular Load Vertical Horizontal load Horizonta Moment Moment
coefficient * load along traffic(Y-Y) l load along across
across traffic (Y- traffic (X-
traffic (X- Y) X)
X)
Total Dead load 1 16343.81
Li load
Live l d 1 1209 56
1209.56 -0.65
0 65
Water current 1 236.08 1886.30
Tractive/Braking force 1 119.00 2124.15
Frictional force 1 46.27 648.89748
Buyoncy at HFL 1 -2513.31
Tilt and shift 1 4252.60 4252.59662
Seismic Forces 1 784.50 1569.01 1569.01 15117.00 15117.00
Total 15824.56 1734.27 1805.09 22142.64 21255.24

Load Case C : Combination II with Earthquake and LWL

Particular Load Vertical Horizontal load Horizonta Moment Moment
coefficient * load along traffic(Y-Y) l load along across
across traffic (Y- traffic (X-
traffic (X- Y) X)
X)
Total Dead load 1 16343.81
Tractive/Braking force 1 119.00 2124.15
Frictional force 1 46.27 648.89748
Buyoncy at LWL 1 -2342.25
Tilt and shift 1 4252.60 4252.59662
Seismic Forces 1 784.50 1569.01 1569.01 15117.00 15117.00
Total 14786.06 1734.27 1569.01 22142.64 19369.60

Summary of Forces Vertical, W Horizontal, H Moment M

Load Case A 15040.06 288.18 7606.02
Load Case B 15824.56 1857.19 22723.02
Load Case C 14786.06 1734.27 22142.64

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 4 Pier_Foundation P3

 Check for Stability of the well and Soil Resistance
According to IRC:45 - 1972, Para 4, tha stability of the well is ensured if the following
condition is satisfied
m*M/I ≤ ω *(kp-ka)

H > M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W

and H < M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W
Where, cos2
kp = Passive soil pressure coefficient =
2
sin( + z) sin 
1- cos z

cos2
ka = Active soil pressure coefficient =
2
sin( + z) sin 
1+
cos z

Ф= Angle of internal friction of soil

z= Angle of friction between wall of the well and soil = 0.67Ф but ≤ 22.5°
r= (D/2) * I / mIIv
W= Total downwards loads acting at the base of the well
H= Total horizontal forces acting at the scour level
M= Total applied monent at the base of the well, including tilts and shifts
I= Ib + m*Iv (1 + 2 µ' a)
m= KH/K = Ratio of horizontal to vertical coefficient of subgrade reaction.
In case of absence of the values, its assumed as 1.0
µ= Coefficient of friction between base and the soil = Tan Ф

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 5 Pier_Foundation P3

 µ' = Coefficient of friction between sides and the soil = Tan δ
Where δ is the angle of wall friction between the well and soil = z
a= Diameter / π D for cricular well
Diameter = Outer diameter of the well and D = Depth of well below scour
Ib = Moment of inertia of the base about the axis normal to the direction
of horizontal forces passing through its C.G.
Iv = Moment of inertia of the projected area in elevation of the soil mass
offering resistance = LD³ / 12
Where, L = projected width of the soil mass offering resistance
multiplied by appropriate shape factor (0.9 for circular well)
ω= Density of the soil (submerged density if below water table)
µ = 0.7002 µ' = 0.4338 m = 1.0

Hence kp = 9.1997
ka = 0.2242

ω*(kp-ka) = 161.559

4
Moment of inertia of base, Ib = π*(R^4)/64 = 117.859 m
4
Moment of inertia of well, Iv = LD³/12 = 55.46 m
a= 0.516
Hence I = 198.164
r= 7.71
Check for the condition: H > M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W
Load Case A:
W = 15040.06 H= 288.18 M= 7606.02
M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W = -9244.77 < H ok
Load Case B:
W = 15824.56 H= 1857.19 M = 22723.02
/ (1+
M/r ( µ * µ' µ )-µ*W= -8132.70 < H ok
Load Case C:
W = 14786.06 H= 1734.27 M = 22142.64
M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W = -7480.82 < H ok
Check for the condition: H < M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W
Load Case A:
W = 15040.06 H= 288.18 M= 7606.02
M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W 11517.86 > H ok
Load Case B:
W = 15824.56
15824 56 H= 1857 19
1857.19 M = 22723.02
22723 02
M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W 14028.25 > H ok
Load Case C:
W = 14786.06 H= 1734.27 M = 22142.64
M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W 13225.79 > H ok
Check for the stability in elastic state: m*M/I ≤ ω *(kp-ka)
Case A: M= 7606.02
m*M / I = 38.382 < 161.559 ok

Case B: M= 22723.02
m*M / I = 114.668 < 161.559 ok

Case C: M= 22142.64
m*M / I = 111.739 < 161.559 ok
Check for the bearing pressure:
The Base Pressure should not be greater than annowable bearing capacity and
should not be negative at any point withing the base of the well
w b base
The allowable b s pressure
p ss willw beb increased
c s d by 50% in Case s B andd C (IRC:78-2000,
( 000, 706.1.2)
0 )
σ1 = [(W - μ' P)/A] + MB/2I
σ2 = [(W - μ' P)/A] - MB/2I
Where, A = Area of the base of the well
B = Width of the base of the well in the direction of forces and moments
P = M/r
We have, A= 44.18 B= 7.00 µ' = 0.4338
I= 198.164
Case A: W= 15040.06 M= 7606.02

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 6 Pier_Foundation P3

 hence, P= 986.70
σ1 = 465.09 < 719 kN/m² ok
σ2 = 196.41 > 0 No tension, ok
Case B: W= 15824.56 M= 22723.02
hence, P= 2947.77
σ1 = 730.59 < 1079 kN/m² ok
σ2 = 92.54 > 0 No tension, ok
Case C: W= 14786.06 M= 22142.64
hence, P= 2872.48
σ1 = 697.57 < 1079 kN/m² ok
σ2 = 68.64 > 0 No tension, ok
Design of the Well steining
Load and Moment at MSL
Dead Load From Superstructure 5916.00 kN
Dead Load due to pier cap 605.88 kN
Dead Load of Pier Stem 310.19 kN
Dead load of well cap 1351.87 kN
Well steining above MSL 1522.74 kN
Live Load 1209.56 kN
Moment across Traffic (X-X) due to live load -0.65 kN-m
Horizontal Force due to Bearing 46.27 kN
will
ill act at 12 19
12.19 m from
f MSL
Moment along Traffic (Y-Y) due to bearing Load 563.78 kN-m
Horizontal Force due to Breaking Action 119 kN
will act at 16.69 m from MSL
Moment across Traffic (X-X) due to Breaking Load 1985.55 kN-m
Horizontal Force due to Water Current 236.08 kN
Moment across Traffic (X-X) due to Water current 1886.30 kN-m

Forces due to tilt and shift (Max. tilt = 1/80 and max. shift = 150 mm)
AT MSL V force (kN) Lever arem m Moment kN-m
Dead Load From Superstructure 5916.00 0.302 1788.51
Dead Load due to pier cap 605.88 0.290 175.59
Dead Load of Pier Stem 310.19 0.252 78.27
Dead load of well cap 1351.87 0.218 294.63
Well steining above MSL 1522.74 0.171 260.77
Top Plug 336.83 0.185 62.46
Total 10043.51 2660.23
Horizontal seismic forces at MSL:
Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Dead Load From Superstructure 567.94 12.19 6920.49
Dead Load due to pier cap 58.16 11.19 650.59
Dead Load of Pier Stem 29.78 8.19 243.74
Dead load of well cap 129.78 5.44 705.39
Well steining above MSL 146.18 1.70 248.51
Top Plug 32.34 4.39 141.80
Total 964.18 8910.53
V i l seismic
Vertical i i fforces at MSL
MSL: 482 09 kN
482.09

Particulars Vertical Horizontal force Moment Moment

force (resultant) (XX) (YY) along
across traffic
traffic
Dead Load From Superstructure 5916.00
Dead Load due to pier cap 605.88
Dead Load of Pier Stem 310.19
Dead
D d lloadd off wellll cap 1351.87
1351 87
Well steining above MSL 1522.74
Horizontal Force due to Bearing 46.27 563.78
Live Load 1209.56 -0.65
Horizontal Force due to Breaking Action 119.00 1985.55
Buyoncy during HFL -2513.31
Buyoncy during LWL -2342.25
Horizontal Force due to Water Current 236.08 1886.30
Forces due to tilt and shift 10043.51 2660.23
Seismic Forces 482.09 964.18 8910.53
Summary of Forces and Moment

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 7 Pier_Foundation P3

 Vertical Moment
Particulars Horizontal Force (kN)
Force (kN) (kN-m)

Case A 8402.93 288.18 5831.15

Case B 8885.01 1252.36 14741.68
Case C 7846.51 1246.53 13539.50

Section of zero shear from the maximum scour level

X = [2FH / ω(kp-ka)B]^0.5 F= factor of safety = 2.00
Case A Case B Case C
Hence, X= 1.01 2.56 2.48
The maximum moments, Mmax = Mo + (2H/3) * X
where,, Mo = Moment at the scour level

Case A Case B Case C

Hence, Mmax = 15584.60 16881.51 15597.69
Stresses in the steining
f1 = (V/A) + (Mmax/ I)* y
f2 = (V/A) - (Mmax/ I)* y
where, V = vertical loads at the depth X below the scour level
A = Area of corss section of the steining
I = Moment of inertia of the well steining
y = Here Diameter of well/2
Vertical loads at the level of X: Case A Case B Case C
8855.09 10032.88 8955.74
Area of cross section of steining, A = 18.66 m²
4
Net moment of inertia of steining, I = 81.97 m
IRC:78-2000, 706.1.2 Case A Case B Case C
Maximum stress f1 = 1.14 1.26 1.15 N/m²
Allowable stress 8.333 12.500 12.500 N/mm²
ok ok ok ok
Minimum stress f2 = -0.19 -0.18 -0.19 N/m²
Allowable stress (tensile) -0.61 -0.915 -0.915 N/mm²
ok ok ok ok
Section is adequate, requires nominal reinforcement
Nominal reinforcement: 0.12 % of the cross section area of well
= 22393 mm² to be proportaionately distrubuted on
both faces
Let the clear cover = 75 mm and mm Ø of horizontal bar 10 mm
Hence the dia of the outer line of reinforcement= 6.814 m
and the dia of the inner line of reinforcement = 5.386 m
Proportion for inner and outer reinforcement 0.56 0.44
Lets provide 150 nos of Ø 16 mm bars. Unit area = 201.06
Total provided area 30159 mm² ok 34.68 % more
Let's provide 84 nos bars @ 250 mm c/c along outer face PW1
67 nos bars @ 250 mm c/c along inner face PW2
Minimum Hoop reinforcement @ 0.04% of the concrete volume
Volume of concrete per meter length of the steining = 18 66 m³
18.66
Hence required minimum reinforcement = 0.00746 m³
Providing 10 mm bars @ 210 mm c/c PW3
Effective number of bars per meter (on each face) = 5.00 nos &
Length of outer and inner ring = 21.457 m 16.870 m PW4
Hence volume of rings per meter length of the well 0.01505 m³ ok
0.081 %

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 8 Pier_Foundation P3

 Ø 16 @ 250 mmc/c PW1
Ø 16 @ 250 mmc/c PW2

Ø 10 @ 210 mmc/c PW3

Sand Fill

Ø 10 @ 210 mmc/c PW4

Section of Steining
Design of Curb
Mean diameter of the curb, d = 6.175 m
Weight of steining per meter, N= 178.11 kN/m 0.90
Angle of bevel θ = 55 degree
Angle of friction between soil 0.075
andd concrete β = 18
Coefficient of friction between 0.300
concrete and soil, μ = tan β = 0.325
Force during sinking 1.59 Q
P = N / (μSinθ + μCosθ) H 1.29

= 393.58 kN/m 55 P
H = P(sinθ - μcosθ) 0.150
= 249.05 kN/m
Total Hoop tension during sinking accounting for sandblowing H = 0.75 H*d
Hence H = 1153.43 kN
Force during resting on bottom plug
We have,
Depth of inclined portion of curb, hc = 1.29 m
Additional depth of curb, ha = 0.300 m
Area of base, A = 44.18 m²
Total vertical load V Case A Case B Case C
15040 06
15040.06 15824 56 14786.06
15824.56 14786 06 kN
Pressure on soil, q = 340.44 358.19 334.69 kN/m²
Internal diameter of well (di) = 5.20
Height of inclined portion of curb 1.29 < 5.2/2 = 2.6
hence depth of sump below tip of curb = (di/2)-hc-ha = 1.015 m
Hence maximum depth of bottom plug (R) = 2.600 m
Total Hoop tension = q*d³ / (16*R)
Case A Case B Case C
1926.88 2027.39 1894.34 kN

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 9 Pier_Foundation P3

 Taking the maximum among these values, Critical hoop tension, Hc = 2027.39 kN
= 328.32 kN/meter
For granular soil, relief due to active earth pressure around the curb, C = (p1+p2)*(hd/4)
where, p1 = Active earth pressure at depth D = ω * Ka *D= 17.41
p2 = Active earth pressure at depth D-h = ω * Ka * (D - h) = 15.88
Ka = Coefficient of active earth pressure
ω= density of submerged soil
D= Depth of well below scour level
h= Total depth of curb = hc+ha

Then, hoop compression, C = 81.48

Net hoop tension, H = Hc - C = 246.84 kN
Moment due to this force,
force M = H * (h/2) = 195 66 kNm
195.66
Effective depth, d_eff = 890.00 mm
Z= 0.9
Area of steel required = M/(Z*d_eff*Sst) = 1017.80 mm² / meter
Privide Ø 20 mm @ 250 c/c PW5 & PW8
Provided steel = 1256.64 ok
Hoop reinforcement (circular rings)
Hoop tension = 328.32 kN
Required minimum area of steel = H/Sst = 1368.01 mm² per meter depth of the curb
P i id Ø
Privide 20 mm @ 100 c/c
/ PW6 & PW7
Provided hoop reinforcement = 3141.59 ok

Ø 10 @ 250 mmc/c PW9

Ø 20 @ 100 mmc/c PW6

Ø 20 @ 250 mmc/c PW5 Ø 20 @ 250 mmc/c PW8

2 ISA 150 X 150 X 12 Angle

MS Steel Plate 350x12 welded
to bolt @ 300 mm interval
12 mm stiffner plate welded
@400 mm interval

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 10 Pier_Foundation P3

 Design of the Pier Well Cap steining

2.20

7.50 1.50

2 20
2.20

5.20

7.00

Forces and Moment

Vertical Load, P = 6089.40 kN (See Design of Pier Stem)
Dead Load of Pier Cap = 923.63 kN
Total Vertical Load = 7013.03 kN
2
Distributed Load on well Cap (w) = 158.23 kN/m
Here the cap is treated as the circular slab fixed at edges and loaded uniformly:
(Treasure of RCC Design Sushil Kumar,
Kumar Page 245)
2
Maximum moment at centre = wr /16
where r is the radius of Slab
121.14 kN-m/m
Moment per meter strip = 574.46 kN-m/m (See Design of Pier Stem)
Total positive moment at centre = 695.60 kN-m/m
2
Maximum negative moment at edges = 2wr /16
242.29 kN-m/m
Total Negative Moment at edge = 410.80 kN-m/m
Critical Moment at Bottom = 695.60 kNm
Critical Moment at top = 410.80 kNm
Critical Shear Force = 320.94 kNm
Grade of Concrete = 25.00 N/mm²
Design of Cap
Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/(m*Scbc+Sst)] = 0.26
Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] = 0.914089
Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc/2*Z*Xc] = 0.981625
Minimum Effective depthp requireq
q q deff_min
eff min [[sqrt(M/R*b]
q ( ]= 841.7977 mm
Provoding 25 mm bottom bar and 25 mm top bar, cover 70 mm
Provided overall depth = 1500 mm

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 11 Pier_Foundation P3

 and Provoded effective depth = 1335 mm
Bottom Reinforcement Ok
2
Area of Reinforcement required Ast per meter [M/Z*deff*Sst] = 2375.09 mm
Providing 25 mm dia bar @ spacing 150 mm c/c PWC1
2
Provided area per meter length = 3272.49 mm Ok PWC2
This bar is provided in Bothways direction
Top Reinforcement
2
Area of Reinforcement required Ast per meter [M/Z*deff*Sst] = 1402.64 mm
Providing 25 mm dia bar @ spacing 150 mm c/c PWC3
2
Provided area per meter length = 3272.49 mm Ok PWC4
This bar is provided in Bothways direction
Check for shear
Critical shear force = 320 94
320.94 kN
Sectional Area of wellcap to resist the load = 1335000 mm²
Shear stress = 0.24040 N/mm²
Percent of reinforcement per meter length = 0.49 %
(IRC:21-2000, Table 12.B)
Permissible shear stress = 0.297 ok
Check for punching shear
Diameter of the pier = 2.20 m
Diameter of the critical surface = 3.535 m
(Diameter of the pier + d_eff of the base slab)
Area of the critical surface = 14.826 m²
Total critical vertical load = 7013.03 kN
Punching shear developed = 0.47 N/mm²
Maximum punching shear allowed = Ks * τc
Where, Ks = 0.5*βc, but not greater than 1.0
βc = Ratio of short side to long side of pier = 1.00
τc = 0.25*(fck)^0.5 = 1.250
Hence,, Ks = 0.625
Ks * τc = 0.78125 N/mm² Ok

Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c PWC4 Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c PWC3

8 nos Ø 20 PWC5

Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c PW

Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c PWC2

Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3 12 Pier_Foundation P3

 Bar Bending
g Schedule of Pier Cap
p P3
Unit
Weight(K
Label Shape Dia Nos Length Weight
g)
(Kg)/m

AP1 400 8920 400 32 28 9.72 6.313 1718.240

AP2 400 400

20 19 10.026 2.466 469.787
2200 3513

3960
8 Legs
g
AP3 Average H= 16 49 19.300 1.580 1494.53
840 1840

AP4 Averaage 2120 8920 12 10 51.44 0.888 456.692

4040 10 nos

AP5 8920 12 140 8.92 0.888 1108.702

AP6 8920 20 27 8.92 2.466 593.948

Total 5841.902
No of Cap 1 Total Weight 5841.902

Bar Bending Schedule of Pier Stem P3

Unit
Weight(K
Label Shape Dia Nos Length Weight
g)
(Kg)/m

AP7 6500 32 57 6.9 6.313 2483.038

400

2*50
AP8 D = 2120 12 46 6.860 0.888 280.166

Total 2763.204
No of Pier 1 Total Weight 2763.2042

Pier Well DetailingP3 1.0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Bar Bending Schedule of Pier Well Cap P3
Unit
Weight(K
Label Shape Dia Nos Length Weight
g)
(Kg)/m

PWC1 Avg. 25 48 5.040 3.853 925.731

680 3680 680

Avg of 500- 6860

PWC2 Avg.
680 3680 680 25 48 5.040 3.853 925.731

Avg of 500- 6860

PWC1 680 3680 680 25 48 5.040 3.853 925.731

Avg of 500- 6860

PWC1 680 3680 680 25 48 5.040 3.853 925.731

Avg of 500- 6860

AWC4

Avg Dia= 5350 20 8 16.808 2.466 331.599

Avg Length = 16807.521
T l
Total 4034 524
4034.524
No of Well Cap 1 Total Weight 4034.5235

Pier Well DetailingP3 1.0 Tinau Design of Well Abutment A2 and Pier 3
 Design Check of Pier Well P4
Section of Pier

A B C 0.75 1.31
TPL 131

1
2.500 2.500 2.00

4.12

BPL 129.00
9 00
9.00
HFL 129.5
3.40 6.00
2.20
7.50

SBL 125.00

1.50 1.50

FBL 123.5
0.6 7.50 7.50
3.4
MSL 120.1
0.90
7.18 7.00

5.20
2.49
0.3
1.29 116.32

1 015
1.015

This prelimanry section is defined by considering SBL = Stem Bottom Level

hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation FBL = Footing Bottom Level
MSL = Maximum Scour Level
Material Properties
Concrete grade (fck) 25 N/mm²
Steel grade (fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Sst = 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Ssc = 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 8.33 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Scc = 6.25 N/mm²
Allowable stress in tension in concrete (PCC) 0.61 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) m= 10
Neutral axis factor k 0.32
j 0.89
The resistingg moment coefficient R 0.95
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
Levels
High Flood Level 129.5 m
Lowest Water Level 127.50 m
Average Ground Level 125.40 m
Maximum Scour level for Pier 120.1 m
Level of Deck Surface 134.3 m
Thickness of Pier cap (overall Thickness) 2 m
Top level of pier cap (TPL) 131 m
Top level of Footing (SBL) 125 m
Thickness of Footing/Cap 1.5 m
Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL) 123.5 m
er_FoundationP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4
 Thickness of Bearing including concrete pedestal 0.5 m
Hence the total height of Pier H= 7.50 m
Soil Data & Seismic Data
Unit weight of backfill soil  16 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete conc 24 kN/m³
Unit weight of plugging concrete 22 kN/m³
Unit weight of Sand 18 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient  0.096
Vertical seismic coefficient  0.048
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth  0
Angle of internal friction of soil  35
Angle of friction between soil and wall  22
Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrains) L= 6000 mm
Diameter of column D 2200 mm
Effective length of column (IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1) Le = 7200 mm
[ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Minimum Grip Length = D/3 (IRC:78-2000, 705.3.1) = 3.133 m
Where, D = Maximum scour depth from HFL
Required minimum founding level = 116.97 ok
Bearing capacity at founding level = 537.00 kN/m²
Minimum thickness of the steining t = k*d*(L)^0.5 = 0.70 m
where, k = 0.03 for concrete (IRC:78-2000, 708.2.3)
d = external diamtere of well in meter
L = Depth of well below well cap or LWL, taking the greater
Provided thickness of steining = 0.90 m ok
Diameter of well cap = 7.50 m
Area of well cap (outer Dia) = 44.18 m²
Area of well (Inner Dia) = 25.52 m²
Net cross section area of steiningg = 18.66 m²
Volume of bottom plug:
Above the curb = 7.66 m³
within the curb = 7.84 m³
Below the curb = 22.41 m³
Volume of top plug = 26.51 m³
Volume inside the well between the plugs = 135.11 m³
Live Load
Impact factor Total Load Total Load CG of Load
Forces on the Pier at ((absolute)) ((incl. impact)
p ) wrt center,
Point from (excl. m
superstructure A B C impact)
Distance from center -2.50 0.00 2.50
Dead Load (kN) 1 1740.00 0.00 1740.00 3480.00 3480.00 0.00
Live load (kN) 1.110 641.28 0.00 641.00 1282.28 1423.01 0.00
Forces at bottom of Footing
Dead Load Total Load Load Considered % 80
Dead Load From Superstructure 6960.00 5568 kN
Dead Load due to p pier cap
p 712.80 570.24 kN
Dead Load of Pier Stem 364.93 291.94 kN
Dead load of well cap 1590.43 1272.35 kN
Well steining above MSL 1522.74 kN
Well steining below MSL 1117.28 kN
Curb 266.02 kN
Top Plug 336.83 kN
Bottom Plug 834.00 kN
Sand filling 2431.93 kN
Total Dead Load 14211.33
14211 33 kN
Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class A)
Height of deck surface from the pier cap= 3.3 m
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level 19.18 m from base
Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle = 700 kN
Total Considered
Therefore braking force length = 140.00 112.00 kN
Moment Due to Breaking Force 2148.16 1718.53 kN-m Moment Y-Y
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Volume of submerged part of pier = 17.11 m³
Volume of the well cap = 66.27 m³
er_FoundationP4 Volume of well above MSL = 130.85 m³ 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4
 Volume of well below MSL = 167.00 m³
15% of the upward force will be taken for portion below scour (IRC:6-2000, 216.5)
Upward lift due to buyoncy during HFL = -2392.71 kN
Upward lift due to buyoncy during LWL = -2221.65 kN
Live Load
Live Load Excluding Impact = 1423.01 1138.41 kN
which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center) 0.00 m
Critical moment due to live load eccentricity -0.61 -0.61 kN-m along X-X
Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)
Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (C) = 0.000009
Length of main girders (L) 35000 mm
Width of girder (a) 400 mm
Assume width of elastomeric bearing (parallel to span) (b) 300 mm
Assume thickness of elastomeric bearing (T) 50 mm
Differential temperature in celcius (dt) 30 degree
Number of main girders = 2
Assume Shear modulus of elastomer (G) 1.2 N/mm²
(range 0.6 to 1.2)
Elongation of the girder (D) = C*L*dt 9.45 mm
Plan area of the bearing (A) = 120000 mm²
Longitudinal force transmitted to the pier
F = G*A*D / T = 27.216
27 216 kN per bearing
b i
Total force from all bearings 54.43 kN
Total Considered
Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings, 54.43 43.55 kN
And this force acts along the bridge at 14.68 m from base
Moment due to temperature effect 639.2494 511.40 kN-m
Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current 9.40 m
2
perimeter Area exposed 70.61 m
Maximum mean velocity m/sec 2.99 From Hydrology Report
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V = 4.23
Shape factor for square end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K = 0.66
Pressure intensity =0.5KV² (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) = 5.900466
Total Considered
Hence force due to water current = 277.744 222.20 kN
Moment due to water current 2088.635 1670.91 kN-m along X-X
Seismic Forces on
Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also considered
considered.
Horizontal seismic forces at base:
Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Superstructure: 534.53 14.68 7846.87
Pier cap 54.74 13.68 748.88
Pier stem 28.03 10.68 299.32
Well cap 122.15 7.93 968.61
Well steining above MSL 146.18 4.19 613.19
Well steining below MSL 107.26 1.25 133.79
C b
Curb 25 54
25.54 0 64
0.64 16 41
16.41
Top Plug 32.34 6.88 222.47
Bottom Plug 80.06 0.79 63.46
Sand filling 233.47 4.08 953.16
Total 1364.29 11866.17 along both X-X & Y-Y
Horizontal seismic force at MSL 885.63 kN
Vertical seismic forces: 682.14 kN
Vertical seismic forces at MSL 442.81 kN

Forces due to tilt and shift (Max. tilt = 1/80 and max. shift = 150 mm)
Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Dead Load From Superstructure 5568.00 0.334 1856.93
Dead Load due to pier cap 570.24 0.321 183.05
Dead Load of Pier Stem 291.94 0.284 82.77
Dead load of well cap 1272.35 0.249 316.97
Well steining above MSL 1522.74 0.202 308.25
Well steining below MSL 1117.28 0.166 185.01
Top Plug 336.83 0.217 72.97
Sand filling 2431.93 0.206 499.76
Moment due to tilt and shift along both X-X & Y-Y 3505.71 kN-m

er_FoundationP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4

 Load Combinations [IRC:78-2000, 706.1.1]
The following load combinations are considered
A . Combination I : With Live Load and HFL, No Earthquake
B. Combination I + Eqrthquake and HFL 25% increase in allowable base pressure
C. Comb. II :No L L+ Earthquake and LWL 25% increase in allowable base pressure
Load Case A: With Live Load and HFL, No Earthquake
Particular Load Vertical Horizontal load Horizonta Moment Moment
coefficient * load along traffic(Y-Y) l load along across
across traffic (Y- traffic (X-
traffic (X- Y) X)
X)
Total Dead load 1 14211.33
Live load 1 1138.41 -0.61
Water current 1 222.20 1670.91
Tractive/Braking force 1 112.00 1718.53
Frictional force 1 43.55 511.39953
Buyoncy at HFL 1 -2392.71
Tilt and shift 1 3505.71 3505.70631
Total 12957.03 155.55 222.20 5735.63 5176.00

Load Case B: Combination I with Earthquake and HFL

Particular Load Vertical Horizontal load Horizonta Moment Moment
coefficient * load along traffic(Y-Y) l load along across
across traffic (Y- traffic (X-
traffic (X- Y) X)
X)
Total Dead load 1 14211.33
Live load 1 1138.41 -0.61
Water current 1 222.20 1670.91
Tractive/Braking force 1 112.00 1718.53
F ct o a force
Frictional o ce 1 43.55 5511.39953
.39953
Buyoncy at HFL 1 -2392.71
Tilt and shift 1 3505.71 3505.70631
Seismic Forces 1 682.14 1364.29 1364.29 11866.17 11866.17
Total 13639.18 1519.83 1586.48 17601.81 17042.18

Load Case C : Combination II with Earthquake and LWL

Particular Load Vertical Horizontal load Horizonta Moment Moment
coefficient * load along traffic(Y-Y) l load along across
across traffic (Y
(Y- traffic (X
(X-
traffic (X- Y) X)
X)
Total Dead load 1 14211.33
Tractive/Braking force 1 112.00 1718.53
Frictional force 1 43.55 511.39953
Buyoncy at LWL 1 -2221.65
Tilt and shift 1 3505.71 3505.70631
Seismic Forces 1 682.14 1364.29 1364.29 11866.17 11866.17
Total 12671 83
12671.83 1519 83 1364.29
1519.83 1364 29 17601 81
17601.81 15371
15371.8888

Summary of Forces Vertical, W Horizontal, H Moment M

Load Case A 12957.03 271.23 6291.83
Load Case B 13639.18 1635.52 18158.00
Load Case C 12671.83 1519.83 17601.81

Check for Stability of the well and Soil Resistance

According to IRC:45 - 1972, Para 4, tha stability of the well is ensured if the following
condition is satisfied
m*M/I ≤ ω *(kp-ka)

H > M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W

and H < M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W
Where, cos2
kp = Passive soil pressure coefficient =
2
sin( + z) sin 
1- cos z

cos2
er_FoundationP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4
 
ka = Active soil pressure coefficient =
2
sin( + z) sin 
1+
cos z

Ф= Angle of internal friction of soil

z= Angle of friction between wall of the well and soil = 0.67Ф but ≤ 22.5°
r= (D/2) * I / mIv
W= Total downwards loads acting at the base of the well
H= Total horizontal forces acting at the scour level
M= Total applied monent at the base of the well, including tilts and shifts
I= Ib + m*Iv (1 + 2 µ' a)
m= KH/K = Ratio of horizontal to vertical coefficient of subgrade reaction.
reaction
In case of absence of the values, its assumed as 1.0
µ= Coefficient of friction between base and the soil = Tan Ф

er_FoundationP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4

 µ' = Coefficient of friction between sides and the soil = Tan δ
Where δ is the angle of wall friction between the well and soil = z
a= Diameter / π D for cricular well
Diameter = Outer diameter of the well and D = Depth of well below scour
Ib = Moment of inertia of the base about the axis normal to the direction
of horizontal forces passing through its C.G.
Iv = Moment of inertia of the projected area in elevation of the soil mass
offering resistance = LD³ / 12
Where, L = projected width of the soil mass offering resistance
multiplied by appropriate shape factor (0.9 for circular well)
ω= Density of the soil (submerged density if below water table)
µ = 0.7002 µ' = 0.4338 m = 1.0

Hence kp = 9.1997
ka = 0.2242

ω*(kp-ka) = 161.559

4
Moment of inertia of base, Ib = π*(R^4)/64 = 117.859 m
4
Moment of inertia of well, Iv = LD³/12 = 10.72 m
a= 0.893
Hence I = 136.884
r= 15.93
Check for the condition: H > M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W
Load Case A:
W = 12957.03 H= 271.23 M= 6291.83
M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W = -8557.63 < H ok
Load Case B:
W = 13639.18 H= 1635.52 M = 18158.00
/ (1+
M/r ( µ * µ' µ )-µ*W= -8410.27 < H ok
Load Case C:
W = 12671.83 H= 1519.83 M = 17601.81
M/r (1+ µ * µ' ) - µ * W = -7767.84 < H ok
Check for the condition: H < M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W
Load Case A:
W = 12957.03 H= 271.23 M= 6291.83
M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W 9467.62 > H ok
Load Case B:
W = 13639.18
13639 18 H= 1635 52
1635.52 M = 18158.00
18158 00
M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W 10690.24 > H ok
Load Case C:
W = 12671.83 H= 1519.83 M = 17601.81
M/r (1- µ * µ' ) + µ * W 9977.97 > H ok
Check for the stability in elastic state: m*M/I ≤ ω *(kp-ka)
Case A: M= 6291.83
m*M / I = 45.965 < 161.559 ok

Case B: M= 18158.00
m*M / I = 132.652 < 161.559 ok

Case C: M= 17601.81
m*M / I = 128.589 < 161.559 ok
Check for the bearing pressure:
The Base Pressure should not be greater than annowable bearing capacity and
should not be negative at any point withing the base of the well
w b base
The allowable b s pressure
p ss willw beb increased
c s d by 50% in Case s B andd C (IRC:78-2000,
( 000, 706.1.2)
0 )
σ1 = [(W - μ' P)/A] + MB/2I
σ2 = [(W - μ' P)/A] - MB/2I
Where, A = Area of the base of the well
B = Width of the base of the well in the direction of forces and moments
P = M/r
We have, A= 44.18 B= 7.00 µ' = 0.4338
I= 136.884
Case A: W= 12957.03 M= 6291.83

er_FoundationP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4

 hence, P= 395.01
σ1 = 450.28 < 537 kN/m² ok
σ2 = 128.53 > 0 No tension, ok
Case B: W= 13639.18 M= 18158.00
hence, P= 1139.98
σ1 = 761.82 < 806 kN/m² ok
Case C: W= 12671.83 M= 17601.81
hence, P= 1105.06
σ1 = 726.04 < 806 kN/m² ok
Design of the Well steining
Load and Moment at MSL
Dead Load From Superstructure 5568.00 kN
Dead Load due to pier cap 570 24
570.24 kN
Dead Load of Pier Stem 291.94 kN
Dead load of well cap 1272.35 kN
Well steining above MSL 1522.74 kN
Live Load 1138.41 kN
Moment across Traffic (X-X) due to live load -0.61 kN-m
Horizontal Force due to Bearing 43.55 kN
will act at 12.19 m from MSL
Moment along Traffic (Y-Y) due to bearing Load 530.62 kN-m
Horizontal
H i lF
Force due
d to Breaking
B ki Action
A i 112 kN
will act at 16.69 m from MSL
Moment across Traffic (X-X) due to Breaking Load 1868.76 kN-m
Horizontal Force due to Water Current 222.20 kN
Moment across Traffic (X-X) due to Water current 1670.91 kN-m

Forces due to tilt and shift (Max. tilt = 1/80 and max. shift = 150 mm)
AT MSL V force (kN) Lever arem m Moment kN-m
Dead Load From Superstructure 5568.00 0.302 1683.30
Dead Load due to pier cap 570.24 0.290 165.27
Dead Load of Pier Stem 291.94 0.252 73.66
Dead load of well cap 1272.35 0.218 277.30
Well steining above MSL 1522.74 0.171 260.77
Top Plug 336.83 0.185 62.46
Total 9562.10 2522.76
Horizontal seismic forces at MSL:
Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Dead Load From Superstructure 534 53
534.53 12 19
12.19 6513 40
6513.40
Dead Load due to pier cap 54.74 11.19 612.32
Dead Load of Pier Stem 28.03 8.19 229.41
Dead load of well cap 122.15 5.44 663.90
Well steining above MSL 146.18 1.70 248.51
Top Plug 32.34 4.39 141.80
Total 917.96 8409.34
Vertical seismic forces at MSL: 458.98 kN

P ti l
Particulars V ti l
Vertical H i t l force
Horizontal f M
Momentt Moment
M t
force (resultant) (XX) (YY) along
across traffic
traffic
Dead Load From Superstructure 5568.00
Dead Load due to pier cap 570.24
Dead Load of Pier Stem 291.94
Dead load of well cap 1272.35
Well steining above MSL 1522.74
Horizontal
H i Force due
lF d to Bearing
B i 43.55
43 55 530.62
530 62
Live Load 1138.41 -0.61
Horizontal Force due to Breaking Action 112.00 1868.76
Buyoncy during HFL -2392.71
Buyoncy during LWL -2221.65
Horizontal Force due to Water Current 222.20 1670.91
Forces due to tilt and shift 9562.10 2522.76
Seismic Forces 458.98 917.96 8409.34
Summary of Forces and Moment
Vertical Moment
Particulars Horizontal Force (kN)
Force (kN) (kN-m)

er_FoundationP4 Case A 7970.97 271.23 5446.26 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4
 Case B 8429.96 1189.19 13855.60
Case C 7462.60 1183.70 12685.23

Section of zero shear from the maximum scour level

X = [2FH / ω(kp-ka)B]^0.5 F= factor of safety = 2.00
Case A Case B Case C
Hence, X= 0.98 2.41 2.32
The maximum moments, Mmax = Mo + (2H/3) * X
where, Mo = Moment at the scour level

Case A Case B Case C

Hence, Mmax = 14632.11 15762.39 14514.87
Stresses in the steining
f1 = (V/A) + (Mmax/ I)* y
f2 = (V/A) - (Mmax/ I)* y
where, V = vertical loads at the depth X below the scour level
A = Area of corss section of the steining
I = Moment of inertia of the well steining
y = Here Diameter of well/2
Vertical loads at the level of X: Case A Case B Case C
8409.64 9507.14 8500.99
A off cross section
Area i off steining,
i i A= 18 66 m²²
18.66
4
Net moment of inertia of steining, I = 81.97 m
IRC:78-2000, 706.1.2 Case A Case B Case C
Maximum stress f1 = 1.08 1.18 1.08 N/m²
Allowable stress 8.333 12.500 12.500 N/mm²
ok ok ok ok
Minimum stress f2 = -0.17 -0.16 -0.16 N/m²
Allowable stress (tensile) -0.61 -0.915 -0.915 N/mm²
ok ok ok ok
Section is adequate, requires nominal reinforcement
Nominal reinforcement: 0.12 % of the cross section area of well
= 22393 mm² to be proportaionately distrubuted on
both faces
Let the clear cover = 75 mm and mm Ø of horizontal bar 10 mm
Hence the dia of the outer line of reinforcement= 6.814 m
and the dia of the inner line of reinforcement = 5.386 m
Proportion for inner and outer reinforcement 0.56 0.44
Lets provide 150 nos of Ø 16 mm bars.
bars Unit area = 201 06
201.06
Total provided area 30159 mm² ok 34.68 % more
Let's provide 84 nos bars @ 250 mm c/c along outer face PW1
67 nos bars @ 250 mm c/c along inner face PW2
Minimum Hoop reinforcement @ 0.04% of the concrete volume
Volume of concrete per meter length of the steining = 18.66 m³
Hence required minimum reinforcement = 0.00746 m³
Providing 10 mm bars @ 210 mm c/c PW3
Effective number of bars per meter (on each face) = 5.00 nos &
L
Lengthh off outer andd inner
i i =
ring 21 457 m
21.457 16 870 m
16.870 PW4
Hence volume of rings per meter length of the well 0.01505 m³ ok
0.081 %

er_FoundationP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4

 Ø 16 @ 250 mmc/c PW1
Ø 16 @ 250 mmc/c PW2

Ø 10 @ 210 mmc/c PW3

Sand Fill

Ø 10 @ 210 mmc/c PW4

Section of Steining
Design of Curb
Mean diameter of the curb, d = 6.175 m
Weight of steining per meter, N= 136.09 kN/m 0.90
Angle of bevel θ = 55 degree
Angle of friction between soil 0.075
andd concrete β = 18
Coefficient of friction between 0.300
concrete and soil, μ = tan β = 0.325
Force during sinking 1.59 Q
P = N / (μSinθ + μCosθ) H 1.29

= 300.73 kN/m 55 P
H = P(sinθ - μcosθ) 0.150
= 190.30 kN/m
Total Hoop tension during sinking accounting for sandblowing H = 0.75 H*d
Hence H = 881.32 kN
Force during resting on bottom plug
We have,
Depth of inclined portion of curb, hc = 1.29 m
Additional depth of curb, ha = 0.300 m
Area of base, A = 44.18 m²
Total vertical load V Case A Case B Case C
12957 03
12957.03 13639 18 12671.83
13639.18 12671 83 kN
Pressure on soil, q = 293.29 308.73 286.83 kN/m²
Internal diameter of well (di) = 5.20
Height of inclined portion of curb 1.29 < 5.2/2 = 2.6
hence depth of sump below tip of curb = (di/2)-hc-ha = 1.015 m
Hence maximum depth of bottom plug (R) = 2.600 m
Total Hoop tension = q*d³ / (16*R)
Case A Case B Case C
1660.01 1747.40 1623.47 kN

er_FoundationP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4

 Taking the maximum among these values, Critical hoop tension, Hc = 1747.40 kN
= 282.98 kN/meter
For granular soil, relief due to active earth pressure around the curb, C = (p1+p2)*(hd/4)
where, p1 = Active earth pressure at depth D = ω * Ka *D= 10.07
p2 = Active earth pressure at depth D-h = ω * Ka * (D - h) = 9.18
Ka = Coefficient of active earth pressure
ω= density of submerged soil
D= Depth of well below scour level
h= Total depth of curb = hc+ha

Then, hoop compression, C = 47.11

Net hoop tension, H = Hc - C = 235.87 kN
Moment due to this force,
force M = H * (h/2) = 186 97 kNm
186.97
Effective depth, d_eff = 890.00 mm
Z= 0.9
Area of steel required = M/(Z*d_eff*Sst) = 972.56 mm² / meter
Privide Ø 20 mm @ 250 c/c PW5 & PW8
Provided steel = 1256.64 ok
Hoop reinforcement (circular rings)
Hoop tension = 282.98 kN
Required minimum area of steel = H/Sst = 1179.08 mm² per meter depth of the curb
P i id Ø
Privide 20 mm @ 100 c/c
/ PW6 & PW7
Provided hoop reinforcement = 3141.59 ok

Ø 10 @ 250 mmc/c PW9

Ø 20 @ 100 mmc/c PW6

Ø 20 @ 250 mmc/c PW5 Ø 20 @ 250 mmc/c PW8

2 ISA 150 X 150 X 12 Angle

MS Steel Plate 350x12 welded
to bolt @ 300 mm interval
12 mm stiffner plate welded
@400 mm interval

er_FoundationP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4

 Design of the Pier Well Cap steining

2.20

7.50 1.50

2 20
2.20

5.20

7.00

Forces and Moment

Vertical Load, P = 6089.40 kN (See Design of Pier Stem)
Dead Load of Pier Cap = 923.63 kN
Total Vertical Load = 7013.03 kN
2
Distributed Load on well Cap (w) = 158.23 kN/m
Here the cap is treated as the circular slab fixed at edges and loaded uniformly:
(Treasure of RCC Design Sushil Kumar,
Kumar Page 245)
2
Maximum moment at centre = wr /16
where r is the radius of Slab
121.14 kN-m/m
Moment per meter strip = 574.46 kN-m/m (See Design of Pier Stem)
Total positive moment at centre = 695.60 kN-m/m
2
Maximum negative moment at edges = 2wr /16
242.29 kN-m/m
Total Negative Moment at edge = 410.80 kN-m/m
Critical Moment at Bottom = 695.60 kNm
Critical Moment at top = 410.80 kNm
Critical Shear Force = 320.94 kNm
Grade of Concrete = 25.00 N/mm²
Design of Cap
Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/(m*Scbc+Sst)] = 0.26
Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] = 0.914089
Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc/2*Z*Xc] = 0.981625
Minimum Effective depthp requireq
q q deff_min
eff min [[sqrt(M/R*b]
q ( ]= 841.7977 mm
Provoding 25 mm bottom bar and 25 mm top bar, cover 70 mm
Provided overall depth = 1500 mm

er_FoundationP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4

 and Provoded effective depth = 1335 mm
Bottom Reinforcement Ok
2
Area of Reinforcement required Ast per meter [M/Z*deff*Sst] = 2375.09 mm
Providing 25 mm dia bar @ spacing 150 mm c/c PWC1
2
Provided area per meter length = 3272.49 mm Ok PWC2
This bar is provided in Bothways direction
Top Reinforcement
2
Area of Reinforcement required Ast per meter [M/Z*deff*Sst] = 1402.64 mm
Providing 25 mm dia bar @ spacing 150 mm c/c PWC3
2
Provided area per meter length = 3272.49 mm Ok PWC4
This bar is provided in Bothways direction
Check for shear
Critical shear force = 320 94
320.94 kN
Sectional Area of wellcap to resist the load = 1335000 mm²
Shear stress = 0.24040 N/mm²
Percent of reinforcement per meter length = 0.49 %
(IRC:21-2000, Table 12.B)
Permissible shear stress = 0.297 ok
Check for punching shear
Diameter of the pier = 2.20 m
Diameter of the critical surface = 3.535 m
(Diameter of the pier + d_eff of the base slab)
Area of the critical surface = 14.826 m²
Total critical vertical load = 7013.03 kN
Punching shear developed = 0.47 N/mm²
Maximum punching shear allowed = Ks * τc
Where, Ks = 0.5*βc, but not greater than 1.0
βc = Ratio of short side to long side of pier = 1.00
τc = 0.25*(fck)^0.5 = 1.250
Hence,, Ks = 0.625
Ks * τc = 0.78125 N/mm² Ok

Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c PWC4 Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c PWC3

8 nos Ø 20 PWC5

Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c PW

Ø 25 @ 150 mmc/c PWC2

er_FoundationP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4

 Bar Bending
g Schedule of Pier Cap
p P4
Unit
Weight(K
Label Shape Dia Nos Length Weight
g)
(Kg)/m

AP1 400 8920 400 32 28 9.72 6.313 1718.240

AP2 400 400

20 19 10.026 2.466 469.787
2200 3513

3960
8 Legs
g
AP3 Average H= 16 49 19.300 1.580 1494.53
840 1840

AP4 Averaage 2120 8920 12 10 51.44 0.888 456.692

4040 10 nos

AP5 8920 12 140 8.92 0.888 1108.702

AP6 8920 20 27 8.92 2.466 593.948

Total 5841.902
No of Cap 1 Total Weight 5841.902

Bar Bending Schedule of Pier Stem P4

Unit
Weight(K
Label Shape Dia Nos Length Weight
g)
(Kg)/m

AP7 6500 32 57 6.9 6.313 2483.038

400

2*50
AP8 D = 2120 12 46 6.860 0.888 280.166

Total 2763.204
No of Pier 1 Total Weight 2763.2042

Pier+Pier Well DetailingP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4

 Bar Bending Schedule of Pier Well Cap P4
Unit
Weight(K
Label Shape Dia Nos Length Weight
g)
(Kg)/m

PWC1 Avg. 25 48 5.040 3.853 925.731

680 3680 680

Avg of 500- 6860

PWC2 Avg.
680 3680 680 25 48 5.040 3.853 925.731

Avg of 500- 6860

PWC1 680 3680 680 25 48 5.040 3.853 925.731

Avg of 500- 6860

PWC1 680 3680 680 25 48 5.040 3.853 925.731

Avg of 500- 6860

AWC4

Avg Dia= 5350 20 8 16.808 2.466 331.599

Avg Length = 16807.521
T l
Total 4034 524
4034.524
No of Well Cap 1 Total Weight 4034.5235

Pier+Pier Well DetailingP4 3.0 Tinau Design of Well Pier 4

Determination of Load Carrying Capacity of Pile At Pier P4

Name of Project : Tinau River Bridge Design Project P4 Considering Lowest SPT Values
Nos. of Row of piles in transverse direction 2No
Nos. of Pile in transverse direction 2No
Nos. of Row of piles in lateral direction 2No
Nos. of Pile in lateral direction 2No
Dia of Pile ( As per IRC 78:2000, 709.5.4) 0.800m
Spacing of piles(IRC 2911/Part I/Sec2/5.6.2) 2.400m

Effective Length of Pile cap 3.200m

Effective Breadth of Pile cap 3.200m
Bottoom Levelof Well 116.32
Bottoom Levelof Well Cap 123.5

Total Length of Pile 23.000m

Pile Length below the bottom lovel of well 15.820m
Density 18

Angle of Area of Pile Area of Pile Ultimate load Area of Pile Area of Pile Ultimate load in
Layers Length of Pile Soil SPT Corrected Cohesion
friction Shaft Base of Single Pile Group Shaft Group Base group action

At MSL Cohesionless 39 0 30.0

Next layer below 2.00m Cohesionless 36 0 30.0 5.027 33.31 25.600 99.94
Next layer below 3.00m Cohesionless 32 0 30.0 7.540 99.94 38.400 299.82
Next layer below 2.00m Cohesionless 30 0 30.0 5.027 74.95 25.600 224.86
At Base of Pile 8.82m Cohesionless 25 0 30.0 22.167 0.503 3131.53 112.896 10.24 9394.58
Ultimate load capacity of single pile, KN 3339.73
Ultimate load for Individual Pile failure of Group, KN 13358.9 10019.2
Ultimate load for Group, KN 10019.20
Safe Load , KN 4007.68 FOS = 2.5
Single Pile Safe Load , KN 1001.92 FOS = 2.5  
Design of Pier Foundation 1
2.0 Design of Substructure
Design of Pile for Pier Case P4
As This pier Carries Maximum Load For Pile P4 Pile is designed and the same Detailing is applied to P3 and
A2

A B 1.31
TPL 131.2

1
2.500 2.500 2.00

4.12

BPL 129.20
9.00
HFL 129.5
3.40 6.20
2.20
7 70
7.70 LBL 125 14
125.14

SBL 125.00

1.50 1.50

5.2 5.2 FBL 123.5

7.5 7.5

23 MSL 120.1

FL
100.5

This prelimanry section is defined by considering SBL = Stem Bottom Level

hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation FBL = Footing Bottom Level
MSL = Maximum Scour Level
Material Properties
C
Concrete grade
d (fck)
(f k) 30 N/mm²
/ ²
Steel grade (fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Sst = 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Ssc = 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 10.0 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Scc = 7.5 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) m= 10
Neutral axis factor k 0.29
j 0.90
The resisting moment coefficient R 1.33

Pier_Foundation Pile For Pier 3 and Pier 4

Design of Pier Foundation 2
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
Levels
High Flood Level 129.5 m
Maximum Scour level for Pier 125.14
125 14 m
Level of Deck Surface 134.5 m
Thickness of Pier cap (overall Thickness) 1.8 m
Top level of pier cap (TPL) 131.2
Top level of Footing (SBL) 125 m
Thickness of Footing/Cap 1.5 m
Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL) 123.5 m
Thickness of Bearing 0.5 m
Hence the total height of Pier H= 7.70 m
Soil Data & Seismic Data
Unit weight of backfill soil  16 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete conc 24 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient  0.150
Vertical seismic coefficient  0.075
Degree

Angle between the wall and earth  0

Angle of internal friction of soil  32
Angle of friction between soil and wall  16
Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrains) L= 6200 mm
Diameter of column D 2200 mm
Effective length of column (IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1) Le = 7440 mm
[ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Forces on the Pier at Impact Total Load Total Load CG of Load
Point from factor (absolute) (incl. impact) wrt center,
superstructure A B C (excl. impact) m
Distance from center -2.50 0.00 2.50
Dead Load (kN) 1 1740.00 0.00 1740.00 3480.00 3480.00 0.000
Live load (kN) 1.110 641.28 0.00 641.00 1282.28 1423.01 -0.001
Forces at bottom of Footing
Dead Load Total Load load to be taken by Pile % 20
Dead Load From Superstructure 6960 1392 kN
Dead Load due to pier cap 712.8 143 kN
Dead Load of Pier Stem 383.174 77 kN
Dead load of footing 1590.43 318 kN
Total Dead Load 9646 1929 kN
Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)
Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class A)
Height of deck surface from the pier cap= 3.3 m
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level 12.20 m from base
Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle = 700 kN
Therefore braking force length = 140 28 kN
Moment Due to Breaking Force 1708 341.6 kN-m
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Volume of submerged part of pier = 59.2935 12 m³
Net upward force due to buyoncy = -592.93 -118.59 kN

Pier_Foundation Pile For Pier 3 and Pier 4

Design of Pier Foundation 3
Live Load
Live Load Excluding Impact = 2564.55 513 kN
which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center) -0.001 m
Critical moment due to live load eccentricity 1 38
1.38 0 28 kN-m
0.28 kN m
Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)
Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings, 123.11 25 kN
And this force acts along the bridge at 7.70 m from base
Moment due to temperature effect 947.972 189.59 kN-m
(From S. Sir)
Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current 6.00 m
perimeter Area exposed 20.73 m
Maximum mean velocity m/sec 2.2 assumed
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V = 3.11
Shape factor for square end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K = 0.66
Pressure intensity =0.5KV² (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) = 3.1944
Hence force due to water current = 44.1562 9 kN
Moment due to water current 52.99 kN-m
Seismic Forces on
Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also considered.
Horizontal seismic forces:
Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Superstructure: 208.80 7.70 1607.76
Pier cap 21.38 6.70 143.27
Pier stem 11.50 3.60 41.38
Footing 47.71 0.75 35.78
Total 289.39 1828.20
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure: 104.40
Pier cap 10.69
Pier stem 5.75
Footing 23.86
Total 144.70

Pier_Foundation Pile For Pier 3 and Pier 4

Design of Pier Foundation 4
129.5 HFL

9.4
125.14
125 14 LBL
123.50 1.64 0.14
3.40
120.1 MSL

3.92 23
19.60
116.18 level of fixity

15.68

100.50 Foundation level

1
2.4
2.4 1.7
Y
7.5 7.0 5.2
3 1.7 X 4

2.4 2.4

Dia of Pile cap Along Brodge Axis = 5.20 m

Dia of Pile Cap Across Bridge Axis = 5.20 m
Depth of Fixity from maximum Scour Level = 3.92 m
(IS 2911 part I section II, Appendix C, Adopting Max value)
Di
Diameter
t off Pile
Pil = 08 m
0.8
Depth of Pile = 23.00 m
Total No of Pile (n) = 4
Embedded length of Pile = 19.60
Thickness of Pile Cap = 1.50 m
IRC 78:2000 Cl 709.5 OK
Factor of Saftey FS = IRC 78:2000 Cl 709.3 2.5
offset of pile cap from the outer face of outermost pile = 0.20 m Ok
Center to center distance of the piles

Pier_Foundation Pile For Pier 3 and Pier 4

Design of Pier Foundation 5
Along Bridge Axis (Xi) = 2.10 m
Across Bridge Axis (Yi) = 2.10 m
Width of Pile Group (Outer Surface of The piles) along Axis (B) = 6.90 m
Width of Pile Group (Outer Surface of The piles) across Axis (L) = 6 90
6.90 m
Area Enclosed by pile Groups (Ag) = 47.61 m2
Loads and Moment Calculation
Vertical load, Horizontal load along Horizont Moment along Moment
P traffic(Y-Y) al load traffic (Y-Y) across traffic
across (X-X)
traffic (X-
Factor X)
Combination
combination I Dry case
case, Non
Non-seismic
seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1
Total Dead load 1 1929.28
Live load 1 512.91 0.28
Tractive/Braking force 1 28.00 28.00 341.60
Frictional force 1 24.62 189.59
Total 2470.19 52.62 0.00 531.19 0.28
combination VI Dry case, Seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5
Non seismic forces
Total Dead load 1 1929.28
Live load 1 512.91 0.28
Tractive/Braking force 1 28.00 28.00 341.60
Frictional force 1 24.62 189.59
Seismic forces 1 144.70 289.39 289.39 1828.20 1828.20
Total 2614.89 342.01 289.39 2359.39 1828.48
combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1
Total Dead load 1 1929.28
Live load 1 512.91 0.28
Tractive/Braking force 1 28.00 28.00 341.60
Frictional force 1 24.62 189.59
Buyoncy 1 -118.59
Water Current 1 8.83 52.99
Total 2351.60 52.62 8.83 531.19 53.26
combination VI-a Flooded case, Seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5
T l Dead
Total D d load
l d 1 1929 28
1929.28
Live load 1 512.91 0.28
Tractive/Braking force 1 28.00 28.00
Frictional force 1 24.62
Buyoncy 1 -118.59 189.59
Water Current 1 8.83 52.99
Seismic forces 1 144.70 289.39 289.39 1828.20 1828.20
Total 2496.30 342.01 298.22 2017.79 1881.46
Summary of Loads
Particular/Load cases Vertical force Horizontal Moment
Moment Along Axis (kN.m) Across Axix
(kN) force (kN)
(kN.m)
Non Seismic case
Dry (comb. I) 2470.19 52.62 531.19 0.28
Flooded (comb. I-a) 2351.60 53.36 531.19 53.26
Seismic case
Dry (comb. VI) 2614.89 448.02 2359.39 1828.48
Flooded (comb VI-a) 2496.30 453.77 2017.79 1881.46
Max Loads: 2614.89 453.77 2359.39 1881.46

Pier_Foundation Pile For Pier 3 and Pier 4

Design of Pier Foundation 6
Maximum load on individual piles
Maximum and Minimum Load is given by
V max = [V/n] + (Mxx*Xmax)/ Xi² + (Myy*Ymax)/ Yi²
V min = [V/n] - (Mxx
(Mxx*Xmax)/
Xmax)/ Xi
Xi² - (Myy*Ymax)/
(Myy Ymax)/ Yi
Yi²
Coordinate
Pile Y X Y2 X
2

1 1.70 0.00 2.88 0.00

2 -1.70 0.00 2.88 0.00
3 0.00 -1.70 0.00 2.88
4 0.00 1.70 0.00 2.88
Sum 5.76 5.76
Moment of Inertia of Piles
Xi²= 5.76 m²
Yi²= 5.76 m²
Maximum Load will be on outermost pile
So, X max = 1.70
Y max = 1.70
Particular/Load cases Vertical force Recommended Pile Capacity
Vmax Vmin H max
(kN) g
from soil Investigation
Remark
Non Seismic case
Dry (comb. I) 2470.19 774.13 460.96 13.16 900 OK
Flooded (comb. I-a) 2351.60 760.10 415.70 13.34 900 OK
Seismic case
Dry (comb. VI) 2614.89 1348.87 115.00 112.01 1350 OK
Flooded (comb VI-a) 2496.30 1218.57 29.58 113.44 1350 OK
Design of Pile
Concrete grade (fck) 30 N/mm²
Steel grade (fe) 500 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Sst = 240 N/mm²
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Ssc = 205 N/mm²
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 10.00 N/mm²
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Scc = 7.5 N/mm²
Modular ratio (m) m= 10
Neutral axis factor k 0.29
j 0.90
The resisting moment coefficient R 1.33
Cover 80 mm
Horizontal Force Per Pile Non Seismic 13.3 kN
Seismic 113.4 kN

Pier_Foundation Pile For Pier 3 and Pier 4

Design of Pier Foundation 7

Pier_Foundation Pile For Pier 3 and Pier 4

Design of Pier Foundation 8
2
Elasticity of Concrete, 2.74E+04 MN/m
4
Moment of Inertia, 2.01E-02 m
Soil Type Cohensionless Soil
Calc lation for Cohesionless Soil
Calculation Calc lation for Cohesive Soil
Calculation
Calculate Not Applicable
3
ηh 5 MN/m3 k1 ((IS :2911/Part1/Sec2-2010/Table 4)) 20000 kN/m
(Table 3 IS 2911) K or ηh 5
Stiffness Factor T 2.56 m Relative Stiffness Factor, R 3.4 m
Embedded length of Pile (Le) 19.60 m Embedded length of pile, Le 19.60 m
L1 1.64 m L1 1.64 m
L1/T 0.6 L1/R 0.48
Lf/T 2 Lf/R 1.950
Lf 5.12 Lf 6.7 m
Non Seismic Case Seismic Case
Fixed End Moment, MF 45.10 383.53 KNm
Reduction Factor, m 0.85 0.85 (IS :2911/Part1/Sec2-2010/Fig. 3, Fixed Head /Amendent)
Actual maximum moment, M 38.33 326.00 KNm
Maximum Axial Force (kN) 774.13 1348.87
Design For Non Seismic Case
Sectional area of pile = (Ag) 502654.8 mm²
Let Provide main reinforcement 1.4 % of Sectional area
Total Area of reinforcement 7037.16754 mm²
Let Provide 25 mm dia bars. Provided Number of Bar 16 (AP5)
Provide in one row
Spacing between the bars = 157 mm
Cover provided 80 mm
Let provided diameter of transverse reinforcement 10 mm
the diameter up to the line of reinforcement Dc 640 mm
So Area of Steel Provided (As) 7853.98163 mm²
So Area of Concrete (Ac) 494800.8 mm²
Check for Section capacity of Stem
Equivalent area of Section Ae = Ac+(1.5m-1)*As= 604756.6 mm²
Equivalent moment of inertia of section Ie = (PI*D^4/64) + (m-1)*As*Dc² / 8
4
2.576E+10 mm
3
Ze = 2*Ie/D = 64402649.4 mm
Scc = P/Ae = 1.280 N/mm²
Scb = M/Ze = 0.595 N/mm²
(Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) = 0.2302 <1
Satisfied
Seismic Case: (Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) = 0.54 Satisfied
Summary of reinforcement of Pile Section
P id
Provide 16 nos off 25 mm diadi bars
b PLP1
2
Ast provided = 7854.00 mm ok
Lateral Ties
Minimum volume of lateral reinforcement per meter length of pile 0.3 %
1507964.47 mm3
3
Volume of tie of 10 mm tie 157913.7 mm
Number of Ties per meter of pile = 10
& Spacing
p g= 100.00 mm c/c
/ PLP2

Pier_Foundation Pile For Pier 3 and Pier 4

Design of Pier Foundation 9
Summary of reinforcement of Pile Section

Ø 25 @ 16 Nos PLP1

Ø 10 @ 100 mmc/c PLP2

Design of Pile Cap

1 70
1.70

Bending Moment at the face of Column = 1313.75 kN-m

Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/m*Scbc+Sst] = 0.29
Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] = 0.90
Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc/2*Z*Xc] = 1.33
Minimum Effective depth requireq deff_min [sqrt(M/R*b] = 995.215 mm
Provided Over all Depth 1500.00 mm
Cover provided (Top and Cover) 75 mm
So, effective actual depth deff 1425 mm Ok
2
Total Area of Reinforcement required Ast [M/Z*deff*Sst] = 4258.91 mm

Pier_Foundation Pile For Pier 3 and Pier 4

Design of Pier Foundation 10
Provided Reinforcement
Nos
Reinforcement Dia of Bar Spacing (mm) c/c provided Per meter Total Level
Tensile Reinforcement (Bottom) 25 150 7 51 00 PPC1+2
51.00
Bothway
Ast Provided (Bottom) total for Calculated width 5831.28 mm² > Ast required OK
Top Bar Min 0.12 % of gross area
Top Reinforcement Bothway 25 mm 150 mm c/c PPC3+4
Ast Provided (Top) 3272.49 mm² Re
0.22965 % OK
Check For Punching Stress
Depth of Section = 1500.00 mm
Allowable punching pressure, tau_p = ks(0.16*sqrt(fck)) Grade of Concrete M 20
Where, ks = the minimum of 1 and 0.5+bc = 1.0
bc = B/L = 1
2
So, allowable punching Stress tau_p = 0.716 N/mm
2
Punching stress developed = 0.21 N/mm
OK
Providing Nominal Chair Bar
10 dia @ 700 mm spacing PPC6 not required

Ø 10 @ 700c/c PPC6 not provided

Ø 25 @ 150c/c PPC3 & PPC4

3 Nos 10 mm bar
Periphery PPC5

Ø 25 @ 150c/c
(PPC1 & PPC2)

Ø 25 @ 16 Nos PLP1

Ø 10 @ 100 mmc/c PLP2

Pier_Foundation Pile For Pier 3 and Pier 4