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Study Guide for Content Mastery Answer Key

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CHAPTER 12 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY CHAPTER 12 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY

Section 12.3 Limiting Reactants Section 12.4 Percent Yield

In your textbook, read about why reactions stop and how to determine the limiting In your textbook, read about the yields of products.
reactant.
Study the diagram and the example problem.
Study the diagram showing a chemical reaction and the chemical equation that repre- mass of product from experimental
sents the reaction. Then complete the table. Show your calculations for questions 25–27 measurement
in the space below the table. actual yield
percent yield 5 }} 3 100%
theoretical yield
1 1 0 1

O2 1 2NO 0 2NO2 mass of product predicted from stoichiometric calculation using

The molar masses of O2, NO, and NO2 are 32.00 g/mol, 30.01 g/mol, and 46.01 g/mol, a. mass of reactant
respectively. b. 4-step mass-to-mass conversion
1. Write the balanced chemical equation.
Amount and Name 2. Calculate the number of moles of reactant, using
Amount of O2 Amount of NO Amount of NO2 Limiting Reactant of Excess Reactant molar mass.
3. Calculate the number of moles of product, using
1 molecule 2 molecules 2 molecules none none the appropriate mole ratio.
4. Calculate the mass of product, using the reciprocal
4 molecules 4 molecules 4 molecules NO 2 molecules O2 of molar mass.
2 molecules 8 molecules 1. 4 molecules 2. O2 3. 4 molecules NO
1.00 mol 2.00 mol 4. 2.00 mol 5. none 6. none Example Problem: The following chemical equation represents the production of gallium
oxide, a substance used in the manufacturing of some semiconductor devices.
4.00 mol 4.00 mol 7. 4.00 mol 8. NO 9. 2.00 mol O2
4Ga(s) 1 3O2(g) 0 2Ga2O3(s)
5.00 mol 7.00 mol 10. 7.00 mol 11. NO 12. 1.50 mol O2
In one experiment, the reaction yielded 7.42 g of the oxide from a 7.00-g sample of gallium.
1.00 mol 4.00 mol 13. 2.00 mol 14. O2 15. 2.00 mol NO
Determine the percent yield of this reaction. The molar masses of Ga and Ga2O3 are
0.500 mol 0.200 mol 16. 0.200 mol 17. NO 18. 0.400 mol O2 69.72 g/mol and 187.44 g/mol, respectively.
32.00 g 60.02 g 19. 92.02 g 20. none 21. none Use the information in the diagram and example problem to evaluate each value or
expression below. If the value or expression is correct, write correct. If it is incorrect,
Chemistry: Matter and Change

16.00 g 80.00 g 22. 46.01 g 23. O2 24. 50.12 g NO

write the correct value or expression.
10.00 g 20.00 g 25. 28.76 g 26. O2 27. 1.24 g NO 7.42 g Ga2O3
1. actual yield: unknown

balanced equation mole ratio 5 2 mol NO/1 mol O2 2. mass of reactant: 7.00 g Ga correct
10.00 g O2 3 1 mol O2/32.00 g O2 5 0.3125 mol O2
20.00 g NO 3 1 mol NO/30.01 g NO 5 0.6664 mol NO 69.72 g Ga
3. number of moles of reactant: 7.00 g Ga 3 }} 7.00 g Ga 3 1 mol Ga/69.72 g Ga
1 mol Ga
actual mole ratio 5 0.6664 mol NO/0.3125 mol O2 5 2.132 mol NO/1.000 mol O2
Because the actual mole ratio of NO:O2 is larger than the balanced equation mole 2 mol Ga O
4. number of moles of product: 0.100 mol Ga 3 }} 0.100 mol Ga 3
2 3
ratio of NO:O2, there is an excess of NO; O2 is the limiting reactant. 1 mol Ga
2 mol Ga2O3/4 mol Ga
Mass of NO used 5 0.3125 mol O2 3 2 mol NO/1 mol O2 5 0.6250 mol NO 187.44 g Ga O
5. theoretical yield: 0.0500 mol Ga2O3 3 }} correct
2 3
0.6250 mol NO 3 30.01 g NO/1 mol NO 5 18.76 g NO 1 mol Ga O 2 3
Mass of NO2 produced 5 0.6250 mol NO2 3 46.01 g NO2/1 mol NO2 5 28.76 g NO2 9.37 g Ga2O3 7.42 g Ga2O3/9.37 g Ga2O3 3 100
6. percent yield:
7.42 g Ga2O3 3 100
}}
Excess NO 5 20.00 g NO 2 18.76 g NO 5 1.24 g NO
T193

Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 12 71 72 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 12 Study Guide for Content Mastery