Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
SECOND QUARTER: WEEK 8
Competency : Examine the Concept, Characteristics, and Form of Stratification System Using
Sociological Perspectives. (No Code Indicated)
● Identify the Factors Causing Social, Political, and Culture Change.
● Advocate How Human Societies Should Adapt to such Changes.
Reference : Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics 2016 by Vibal Group, Inc., page 121-
126
(Non-DepEd)
Copyright For classroom use only
LESSON 1: Defining Cultural, Social, and Political Change
Change
According to Heraclitus, “Man cannot step twice into the same river for he is not quite the
same man nor is it quite the same river.”
According to Robertson, change is the alteration in patterns of culture, social structure, and
social behavior over time. It is generally universal but varied in time and space.
Types of Change
1. Social Change
The societal rate of social change typically increases as technology increases ( Gerhard an
Leski, 1987).
It occurs because of transformations in the physical and cultural environment that warrant new
ideas, forms, and structure.
Example: A volcanic eruption destroys the homes and livelihood near the area. Displaced and
homeless, the people or families who survived from the volcanic eruption are now forced to
look for a place where they can settle, work, and start again.
2. Cultural Change
It refers to the changes in the cultural patterns of behavior and values. Changes in the tangible
or material aspects of culture and intangible or non-material aspects of people's lives are part of
this change.
Example: Changes in the dietary patterns of modern-day Filipinos- from traditional and slow
cooked meals, such as Kare-Kare and Sinigang, to instant and fast-food meals, such as
hamburgers and pizza.
3. Political Change
It is the change in the political patterns of behavior and values of individuals as well as
political institutions that hold power and control in society.
Example: Proposed changes in the type of government in the Philippines (from Presidential to
Parliamentary)
Sources of Change
1. Innovation – an independent invention to creatively find solutions to problems.
Example: The birth of social media like Facebook and Twitter made the delivery of
information and sharing ideas faster and easier.
Types of Innovation:
a. Primary Innovation- it occurs when an individual or a group comes up with a
completely new idea, method, or device.
b. Secondary Innovation-it occurs when an individual or further group develops or
improves on an already existing idea, method, or device.
2. Diffusion – the act of spreading culture, traditions, objects, and ideas to other societies.
Types of Diffusion:
a. Direct Diffusion - occurs through marriage, trade, and war.
c. Indirect Diffusion – occurs when a group encounters another group indirectly
through a third party.
b. Acculturation - the product of massive cultural change that entails a show of
force by one party over the other.
d. Assimilation - occurs when a minority group loses its distinctive cultural traits and
adopts or absorbs those of the dominant culture
ACTIVITY: IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Identify what type of change each statement tells. Write SC for Social Change, CC for
Cultural Change and PC for Political Change. Write the correct answer on the provided answer sheet.
_________1.The advent of advanced technology encourages people to use their phone to send text
messages rather than having it through written mails.
_________2.Catholicism was introduced during the Spanish colonization in the Philippines.
_________3.President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, under pressure from the Catholic Church, abolished the
death penalty in 2006.
_________4.Nowadays, many social movements around the world center on LGBTQ+ rights and
protection.
_________5.In recent years, the Maria Clara has been modernized to produce a modern version known as
the Terno .
LESSON 2: Distinguish Kinds of Social Contradictions and Tensions
Kinds of Social Contradictions and Tensions
1. Inter-Ethnic Conflicts
Minorities are subjected to different forms of unequal treatment by the dominant group.
The dominant group may deny the minority equal access to wealth, power, and prestige that its
own members enjoy.
Example : The Moro National Liberation Front, organized in 1972 by Professor Nur Misuari,
became by far the most important separatist organization in the 1970s and -80s.
2. Class Struggle
It is an open form of stratification based primarily on economic statuses which may be
subject to change. The individual’s status often depends on the occupation and the income of a
person. According to Marx, class conflict is the key to historical and social change.
Example : During the Pre-colonial Period, Alipin being the lowest in position don’t have any
property, but they could make money and save.
3. Armed Conflicts
It is caused by frictions and tensions among conflicting individuals and groups in a
society frequently resulting in hostilities. It is attributed to the failure of two opposing parties to
settle disputes amicably, thus causing tensions to further escalate. It also happens in many parts of
the world because of attempts to settle through violence disputes over political power, territorial
and ethnic issues, and societal stresses, such as injustice and poverty.
Example : Philippines has suffered two major armed conflicts in recent years – in Mindanao
involving the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and a countrywide communist
insurgency with the National Democratic Front (NDF).
4. Terrorism
It refers to the tension or movements that resort to the violence against civilian targets for
the purpose of intimidation to achieve political or ideological ends. It is a violent and potent
means of pushing social change and gaining worldwide attentions
Example : The Marawi Siege on May 2017 : The armed confrontation between government
forces and pro-ISIS militants in Marawi have forcibly displaced 98 percent of the total
population of the city.
ACTIVITY: MATCHING TYPE
Directions: Match the situations in Column A to the terms in Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the provided answer sheet.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Informal Settlers in Tondo, Manila A. Armed Conflicts
2. Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro B. Class Struggle
3. Mamasapano Tragedy (SAF 44 Massacre) C. Inter-Ethnic Conflicts
D. Terrorism
.
LESSON 3: New Challenges to Human Adaptation and Social Change
Major Challenges as Factors of Change in the Modern World
1. Global Warming
It occurs when there is a sudden heating up of the earth’s surface brought by the excess
hydrocarbons and pollutants emitted from industries. The intense heat causes the ice in the north and
South Pole to melt, resulting in the sudden rise of low-lying regions. Glaciers are melting at an
increasing rate resulting in higher sea levels and altered ocean currents.
2. Climate Change
It is the result of meteorological and climatic imbalance primarily caused by global warming
changing atmospheric phenomena often manifested through erratic weather conditions like heavy
rains during dry season and heat waves during wet season. Like global warming, it resulted in
disastrous typhoons as well as droughts.
3. Migration
It refers to the movement of an individual or group from one place to another for security and
satisfaction needs. Social life takes across borders, even as the political and cultural salience of
nation-state boundaries remains strong. Transnational Migration is a representation of social mobility
Major Transformations According to Anthropologist Helen Henderson
● Subsistence Farming
It gives way to cultivation of agricultural products for the market. Consequently, new
jobs are created in trade, manufacturing, and administration.
● New Sources of Energy
It is exploited and individual wage earners operate machines within the industrial system
● Specialized Educational Institutions
These are created to bring literacy to the masses and impart new skills and knowledge
● Change of Family Structure and Function
The family is no longer a unit of production but instead specialized in the specialization
of offspring and the organization of consumption.
● Modernization
It introduced new forms of alienation into the lives of industrial workers who lose control
over the product of their labor and whose work tends to be repetitive and dull.
ACTIVITY: GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Directions: Using the graphic organizer given below, list down three effects of modern
technology in your life. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
Effects of
Modern
Technology
in your Life
LESSON 4: Responding to Social, Political, and Cultural Change
Means of Societies and Individuals to Cope Change
A. Participatory Democracy
It allows people to participate and contribute to making decisions and solving problems across a wide
spectrum of issues. This explains the prevalence of cause-oriented groups in many developing countries
as represented by civil society and non-governmental organizations which are actively involved in
collaborating with government agencies in delivering resources and services to society at large.
It is a discourse of collective behavior which values the contribution of people to generate change or
transformation in society. It is an approach to social, cultural, and political change either through
acceptance or resistance.
B. New Forms of Media and Social Networking
Technological development became a great victory for democracy as popular participation can be
handily realized with one click. Advancement in information access makes it more difficult for the
government or any entity to hide inconvenient truths.
Nonetheless, unregulated access to information can also be detrimental. For example, easy access to
information allows hackers to easily acquire important personal records and accounts, such as social
welfare numbers and bank accounts.
C. Social Movements
These are activities organized by a group of people intended to create an effect beyond their own
group. These are often created when people are dissatisfied with their social conditions and unable to
meet their daily needs.
There are different types of social movements (leftist, centrist, rightist platforms, among others).
Nonetheless, they share some common characteristics namely having an ideology, necessary resources,
formal organization, and bureaucratization
ACTIVITY: IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Identify what type of change each statement tells. Write PD for Participatory
Democracy, MSN for Media and Social Networking and SM for Social Movements. Write
the correct answer on your answer sheet.
_________1.It is brought by the advancement in technology.
_________2. It is organized by a group of people intended to create an effect beyond their own group.
_________3. It is an approach to social, cultural, and political changes either through acceptance or
resistance.
_________4.It is often created when people are dissatisfied with their social conditions and unable to
meet their daily needs.
_________5. It is a discourse of collective behavior, which values the contribution of people to generate
change or transformation in society.
ASSESSMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and analyze the statements carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Social life takes across borders, even as the political and cultural salience of nation-state boundaries
remains strong.
Which major factors of change belong to it?
A. Climate Change B. Global Warming C. Migration D. Modernization
2. The following situations are some of the impacts of a terrorist attack in a country, EXCEPT
A. Loss of human life.
B. Destruction of private and public property.
C. Increase economic development and growth of a country.
D. Diversion of resources away from productive activities and towards protective measures.
3. It is known as the product of massive cultural change that entails a show of force by one party over the
other.
A. Acculturation B. Assimilation C. Direct Diffusion D. Indirect Diffusion
4. It refers to the tension or movements that resort to the violence against civilian targets for the purpose
of intimidation to achieve political or ideological ends.
A. Armed Conflicts B. Class Struggle C. Inter-Ethnic Conflicts D. Terrorism
5. The following statements are the major transformations in our society according to Anthropologist,
Helen Henderson. Which of the following is NOT included?
A. Change of Family Structure and Function B. Extremism
C. Specialized Educational Institutions D. New Sources of Energy
6. It occurs through marriage, trade, and war.
A. Acculturation B. Assimilation C. Direct Diffusion D. Indirect Diffusion
7. The following are the positive effects of migration, EXCEPT
A. Improvement of the housing situation for foreigners.
B. Displacement of nationals from occupations in the countryside.
C. Progress of social life of people as they learn about new cultures.
D. Enhancement of educational and vocational qualifications of a migrant.
8. Civilians on the island of Mindanao paid a high price with dozens killed and widespread destruction of
homes and property amid the Battle of Marawi that was caused by the armed group calling itself
Islamic State. Which kind of social contradictions and tensions is categorized?
A. Armed Conflicts B. Class Struggle C. Inter-Ethnic Conflicts D. Terrorism
9. It occurs when a minority group loses its distinctive cultural traits and adopts or absorbs those of the
dominant culture.
A. Acculturation B. Assimilation C. Direct Diffusion D. Indirect Diffusion
10. Social change occurs when societal institutions, structures, and cultures undergo a significant shift.
Which of the following situations is not a positive effect of social change?
A. Improving worker rights B. Increasing racial equality
C. Gaining personal interests D. Getting the world closer to gender equality
KEY ANSWER
Quarter 2: Week 8
Lesson 1
1. SC
2. CC
3. PC
4. SC
5. CC
Lesson 2
1. B
2. C
3. D
Lesson 3
1-3. Subjective: Answer may vary
Lesson 1
1. MSN
2. SM
3. PD
4. SM
5. PD
Assessment
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. C
