STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TRANSFORMER PAD
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TRANSFORMER PAD
Detailed Structural Analysis and Design
1. Structural Design Criteria
Design Loads
All components of the structural system were designed based on the loads presented
below. Ultimate Strength Design (USD) method was used in the design of all
reinforced concrete members. Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method
was in the design of all structural steel members.
a. Dead Loads
Dead load includes all the weight of permanent construction materials and equipment
that are permanently fastened thereto and or supported thereby:
Weight of TRANSFORMER 7 Tons
Dry unit weight of concrete 24.00 KN/m³
b. Live Loads and Reductions
Live load includes all the gravity loads except those mentioned above. These loads
may vary in magnitude and its distribution during the life span of the structure. The
minimum values are as follows (NSCP 2010: Table 205-1 and Table 205-3).
Minimum Roof Live Load (for Slope less than 33.3%) 0.75KN/ m2
c. Wind Load and Wind Load Reduction Factor – ASCE-7
The term ‘Wind Load’ is used to refer to any pressures or forces that the wind exerts on a
building or structure. All Buildings and Vertical Structures shall be designed and constructed
to resist wind loads as specified by ASCE-7 and NSCP-2015
2. Materials Strength and Specifications
The Structural and non-structural components of the building were designed based on
the following material strength.
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a. Concrete
Cement: Cement shall conform to “Specification for Portland Cement” ASTM C150.
Unless otherwise permitted or required, cement shall be Type I, ASTM C105, or Type
II.
Aggregates: Fine aggregates shall consist of sand meeting the requirements of
“Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates” ASTM C33. Coarse aggregate shall
consist of gravel, crushed gravel, crushed stone or air-cooled blast furnace slag or a
combination thereof, conforming to the requirements if ASTM C33.
Water: Water is used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free injurious amount of
soils, acids, alkalis, salt, organic materials or other substances deleterious to concrete
or reinforcements.
Strength: Concrete shall be proportioned and mixed obtained a 28-day compressive
cylinder strength of 20.7 Mpa.
b. Reinforcing bars and Structural Steel
Grade of Bars: All bars shall conform to the “Standard Specification for Deformed
and Plain Billet Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcements” ASTM 615M with the
following strength:
Yield strength of 12mm Ф and smaller fy = 275 Mpa
Yield strength of 16mm Ф and larger fy = 275 Mpa
Yield strength of 20mm Ф and larger fy = 475 Mpa
Details of Reinforcements: Reinforcing steel shall be fabricated and placed in
conformance with the requirements of Section 407-Details of Reinforcements of
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP C101-10).
c. Allowable Foundation Pressures
The allowable foundation pressure used in the design of footings was assumed to be
equal to 320 Kpa at 1.2m deep base on the given Geotechnical Study. The actual soil
condition at the site should be checked and verified by the Contractor and should be
reported to the Structural Engineer or Architect in writing for proper actions.
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d. Structural Analysis and Design
The structural analysis and design were carried out in conformance with the minimum
requirements of the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP C101-10).
Three-dimensional model was used in the analysis incorporation the additional
eccentricity of five percent (5%) of the building dimensions. This is in compliance
with the code requirement pertaining to the accidental torsion due to earthquake. See
Annex A for computer generated output of analysis and design.
3. Codes and References
All structural components of the building were designed based on the following design codes
and references.
3.1 National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP C101-10) Vol. 1, 6th Edition, 2010
3.2 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, ACI 318-95
3.3 Design of Reinforced Concrete, 5th Edition, Jack C. McCormac
3.4 1997 UBC Structural Checklist, Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc
3.5 Foundation Analysis and Design, 5th Edition by Joseph E. Bowles
3.6 A Short Course in Foundation Engineering, N.E. Simons and B.K. Menzies
3.7 Design of Concrete Buildings for Earthquake and Wind Forces, 2nd Edition, S.K. Ghosh,
August W. Domel, Jr., David A. Fanella
3.8 American Society of Civil Engineer, ASCE-7
4. Annexes
4.1 Annex A – Geometry of the Structure and Computer-Generated Analysis
4.3 Annex C – Concrete Design for Pedestal and Pad Foundation
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4.1 Annex A – Geometry of the Structure and Computer-Generated Analysis
STAAD Pro V8i (SELECT series 6)
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4.3 Annex C – Concrete Design for Pedestal and Pad Foundation
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1 2
Y
A
*FD
X X
B
Y
FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:75
______________________________________END_______________________________________
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