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942
942 Chapter 13 Functions of Several Variables
Chapter
942
942 Chapter13
CAPÍTULO 13 13 Functions
Functions of
of Several
Funciones Several Variables
de variasVariables
variables
942
942
942 Chapter
Chapter
942 Chapter 13
13
Chapter Functions
Functions of Several
ofofSeveral Variables
Variables
942 Chapter131313Functions
Functions
Functionsof of Several
Several Variables
Variables
Several Variables

13.6
13.6
13.6
13.6 Exercises
Exercises
Exercises
Ejercicios See www.CalcChat.com for worked-out solutions to odd-numbered exercises. I
13.6
13.6
13.6
13.6 Exercises
Exercises
13.6Exercises
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exercises.
exercises.
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exercises.
odd-numbered exercises. e
m
In Exercises
En los ejercicios 1–12, afind
1 find 12,the thehallar directional la derivada derivative direccional of thede function
la fun- In Exercises
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los ejercicios 27– 30, 27 use use
ause30, theutilizar gradient to find the
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1–12, find the directional
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at
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1–12, find
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endirection
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g x, y ofof thexof 2the the
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27.
1.1. ff xx, ,yy 33xx 44xy xy 99yy, , PP 1,1,22 , ,vv 353i3i 3 454j4j 4 27.
27.
28. ggfgxxx,,,gyyyx, y xx3x2x 22x 2yyy2y 22y 21, 1, P
PPP
PP 1,
1,1,P2221,1, ,,, 4Q 2Q, ,2,QQ3333,2,
2,2,
1. ,,,vvv2 , v55iii i55jjj j 27.27.
27. ff xgx, ,xyy, y 33xxx2222 yyy2222 1,4,4,
4,1, 1,
P 1,1,1, 24Q 4, ,Q , QQ2,3,3, 36663 4
1. 1.f 1.xf , xyf , xy, y 33xxx3x3x444xy
1. f f x x, ,y y 3 xyxy
4xy 4xy999yyy9,,,y9, P yPP, P 1,
1,1,P 2221,
1, 2 , v 55 i 55 j 28.
28.
28. f x , y 3 x y 4, P 1, 4 , Q
2
22 5 5 5 5 5 5 28.
29. f
28.28.28.f xx ,, y
y e 3
f x, y 3x x3xxy, y Py 4,yx2sen x
2 y ,2 P 2 4,
0, 0 P ,
P P1, 4 1,
4, Q 1,
2, 4 1 ,
, Q 4 ,3,Q6663, 6
Q 3, 3,
29. ff xfx, ,xyy, y eeyyyy3sen sen x, P 0,0,4,00 , ,PQQ 2,2,1,114 , Q 3, 6
2 2
2. f x, y x333 y333, P 4, 3 , v 222 iii 2 jjj 29.
2.2. ff xx, ,yy xx33 yy33, , PP 4,4,33 , ,vv 2 29.
29. f f x x, , yy e e sensen x x , , P P 0,0, 0 0 , , Q Q 2,2, 1 1
2.
2.2.2.fff2.xxx,,,yyfyx, y xxx3 3 x3yyy3,,,3yP 3P ,P 4,
4,4,P 3334, ,,,vvv3 , v 22 2iii jijj j 29.29.29.
f xf , xfy, xy, y e esen y y esen y
xsen , x, xP, P0,P 0 0,
0, 0, Q ,0 Q ,2,Q 2,1 2, 11
f x, y x y ,P 4, 3 ,v 2 i j 30. f x, y sen 2 x cos y, P , 0 , Q ,
3. f x, y xy, P 0, 2 , v 1121 i 22 2 32 j 30.
30. ff xx, ,yy sen
30.
sen22xxcos cosyy, , PP , ,00 , , QQ 2, ,
3.3. ff xx, ,yy xy
3. xxx,,,yyfyx, y xy
xy, , PP 0,0, 22 , ,vv 1221 ii 1 33jj
222,,,vvv2 , v212 ii1i i 333jjj 3 j 30. fff xxx,,,yfyyx, y sen
30.30.
30. f x, y sen sen sen 2xxx2cos
22sen
xcos
cos 2cosx yycos
y,,,y, P yPP, P ,,P,000, ,0,,, Q Q,0QQ , 2222Q ,,, ,
,
3.3.3.fff3. f x, y xxy
,,, xyP
xxyxy PP, P 0,
0,0,P 0, 0, 2 , v 2 2 i2 3j 222
4. f x, y x, ,P 1, 1 , v j In Exercises 31–40, find the gradient of the function and the
4.4. ff xx, ,yy xxyx, , xPP 1,1,11 , ,vv jj In
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4.4.4.ff4.xfx,,xyfy, xy, y yyyy,, , PP, P1,1,P
, , 1, 1
111,
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,
1,,vv,1v, v jj j j maximum
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maximum
maximum
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point.
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unción PPunto unto
5.
5. h h x x, , y y
5. 5.h5.hx, xhy, xy, y e esen e e
x sen
sen
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y
ysen , P P 1,1, 2
, y,Py,P1,P1, 1,, v, v, v ii i i 2 , ,v v i F unción P unto
x
arccos xy, P 1,22202 ,2v j 31. F F unción
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f unción Fy unción x22 2xy
2
P P
1, unto
unto 0Punto
6. g x, y
6.6. gg xx, ,yy arccos arccos xy, , PP 1,1,00 , ,vv jj
xy 31.
31. ff xx, ,yy xx22 22xy xy 1,1,0unto
P 0
6.
6.6.ggg6.xgxx,,,xgyyy, xy, y arccos , ,v, vv jj3i j 4j 31.
31. f x , y x
ff xfx,,xfyy, xy, y xxxx2 x2 xyy22xy 2 xyxy 1,
1,1,1, 0001, 0 x
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2
7. arccos xy 1,1, 31. 2 xy 0
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6.
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arccos xy yyxy , ,, PP PP3,3, 1, j 4j 4j 32. f x, y
32.
32. ff xx, ,yy
x
xxyx xyy1y y
y 0, 1
0,0,11
7.
8. g x , y x
7.7.ghg7.gxx,,xgyy, xy, y e xxxx2x2x2 2yxyy222y,y2y,,2P,yP
22 2y 22 , P
2P 0,
, 3, 3,0 P4 4
, ,,,vvv4 ,i v3i
v
3, 3i j 4j 4j 32. fff xxx,,,yfyyx, y yy x 11 y 0, 1110, 1
7.
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32.32.
32. f x, y yy 11 0,0,0, 1
8.
8. h h x x, , y y e e 2 2 x 2 2, 2 y 2
, P P 0, 0, 0 0 , ,v v i i j j y y y1 1 1
8. 8.h8.hx, xhy, xy, y e e 2e ,2 , P, P0, x x y y P0,0 0, 0, v,0v, vi i ij j j 33 33. h x, y x tan y 2,
9. f x, y, z x y z 2, P 1, 1, 1 , v 3i j k 33. hh xx, ,yy xxtan
33. tanyy 2,2, 4
9.9. ff xx, ,yy, ,zz xx2222 yy2222 zz2222, , PP 1,1,1,1,11 , ,vv 3333 3iii 3 jjj k kk 33.
33. hhhxxx,,,hyyyx, y xxxtan xyytanyy y 2, 44
9.
9. f x , y , z x y z , P 1, 1, 1 , vv 33 33.33.
33. h x, y xtan
tan tan 2,2,2, 4442, 4 4
f x , y , z x
9. 9.f 9.xf , xyf ,, xyz, yz, z x x 2x y y 2y z ,z 2,zP, P1,P
2 2 y 2 2 z 2 , 2 P 1, 1,
1,1,
1, 1
1 1,
1, ,
1, v,1v, v ii i ijj j jkkk k 4 CAS
10. f x, y, z xy yz xz, P 1, 2, 1 , v 3332i3 3 j k 34. h x, y y cos x y 0,
10.
10. ff xx, ,yy, ,zz xy xy yyzz xxzz, , PP 1,1,2,2, 11 , ,vv 2i2i jj kk 34. hh xx, ,yy yycos
34. cos xx yy 0,0, 3
10.
10.
11. ffhf(xxxx,,,,yyfyy,,,,xzzz,z y, z xy xyxy
xy z,xyyyyP zzz 2,yzxx1, xzzz,x,1,z,x,P zP v, 1,1,1,P2,2,2,1, 111,2,,vvv1 , v2i 2i 2ijjj jk kk k 34. hhhxxx,,,hyyyx, y yyycos
34. 34. cos xcos
x x xyyy y y 0,
0,0, 33330,
10.
11.10.10.
11. hh((xfx, ,xy,y, ,yzz z xy xyzz, , PPy2,
xy z2,1,1, 11 ,P ,vvP 1,2,
2, 1,
2,
2,1,1,212 , v 2i j k
2, 2i 34.
35.34.g hx, xy, y yey xcos
cos xy x 0, 0, 5 3
11.
11.
12. h ( x , y ,
h(x, y, z xxyarctan z xy z ,
zz,,xy P
zP, P 2,
y2, 1,
,1,1,2, 11P11, , v
,vv11,, 1v 2, 2, 1,
,2,v1,1,2, 2
221,1,22, 1 35. g
35. g x, y x , y y e
ye x x x 0,0,553 3
11.
12.11.11.
12. hhh(xhxx,(,,xhyyy,(,,,xyzz,z yz, z xxy xy
xarctan
arctanz, P y2,
zP
yzz,2, , 1, P ,4,
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35. g
36.35.35.
35. g x ,
x ,y y
g x, gy x, y ylne yxe y ye e 3 x 2 x y 2 0,0,
1,0,
0, 55250, 5
36. gg xgx, ,xyy, y lnlny33e33xx2222 yy2222
x
12.
12. h
12.12.12. h x x, , y y, , z z
h hx, xhy,, xyz, yz, z x arctan xx arctan
arctanx arctan
x arctan
y y z
yzy, z,yP ,
z , P P
z, P4,P 4, 4, 1,1,
1,4,
4,
1 1
1 1,
1,
, v v
1, v,1v, v 1,1,1,
, 1, 2,
2,2,1, 111 1
2, 2, 1
36. 1,1,22 5
36.
36.
37. g x , y ln
fgxx, ,yy, z ln 3 x3x2222x32x 2yy2222y 2y 2z222 x y 1,
1,1,1, 2 21,2 2
In Exercises 13 –16, find the directional derivative of the
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In los
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36.
37.
37. fgf xgx, ,yxgy, ,xzyz, y ln ln ln
36.36. xx22 yy22 zz22 1, 24,
1,4,4,222
In
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find offind thethe the unit directional
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37. f
37.37.37.f x x, , yy, ,z z
f xf , xyf ,, xyz, yz, z x11x x y y y z z z x x y
2 y z
2 z 2 1,1, 4,
4,4,1, 2224, 2
u–16, the directional derivative of 2 2 2 1, 1,
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vector u u cos
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functionfunction
function inin theinthe the
direction direction
direction ofof the of the the
unit unit unit
vectorvector vector u u ucos coscos
i +i +isen+sen j.j.j. j.
sen 38.
38.
w
38. w
w 1 x 2 111
2 1 2 y1 z 2 0,
0,
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www w 11 xx2 yy2 zz2
2 2 2
13. f x, y x 2 y 2, 38.
38.38.
38.
2
0,0,0, 0,0,0, 0, 0
13.
13. ff xx, ,yy xx2222 yy2222, , 39. w xy121221z2122 1xxx22x 2x 2yyy22y 2y 2zzz22z2 z2 2, 1, 1
13.
13. fff xxx,,,yyfyx, y xxx2 2x 2yyy2,,,2y 2, 444 39. w
39. w xy22z22 xy z 2,2, 1,111,
13.13.13. f x, y x y , 444 4 39.
39.
40. w fwx, w
39.39.
39. yxy
,xy z 2zzzxy 2 2xze2yz 2,
2,2,2, 1, 0,1,2,1111,4 1
14. f x, y
y
yy , 4 40.
40. fwf xw xy
x, ,yy, ,zzxy z xxeeyyyzyzzz 2, 1,
2,0,0,1, 144
14.
14. ff xx, ,yy x yyy y ,y, 6 40.
40. f x , y , z x
ff xfx,,xyfy,,,xyz,z yz, z xxeexyzexyzeyz e 2,
2,2,2, 0,
0,0,2, 444 4 x y
14. fff xxx,,,yyfyx, y xx yy,,, , 66 40.40.
40. 0, 0, 4
14.
14.14.14. f x, y xx yy , 666 6 In Exercises 41– 46, consider the function f x, y 3 xx yy.
x x xy y y 6 In
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15. f x, y sen 2x y , In
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15. ff xx, ,yy sen sen 22xx yy , , In Exercises 41– 46, consider the function 333 3" 222 .2
15.
15. fff xxx,,,yyfyx, y sen sen 222xxx 2xyyy,,, y , 333 41. Sketch the graph of f in the first octant and plot the
41.
41. Sketch
Sketch the the graph graph of of ff inin the the first first octant octant and and plot plot the
3point
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point
2
15.15.15. f x, y sen sensen 2x y , 333 3 41. Sketch
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the surface. of f in the first octant and plot the point
2
22 3 41.
41.41.
41.
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Dibujar
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on la
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16.
16. gg xx, ,yy xxeeyy, ,
16. gggxxx,,,gyyyx, y xxxeeey ,,,xy ey ,
2223 2
332 42. Find 3,3,3,
(3, 2,2, D
2,3,
2, 1)u1on fon 1on
sobre 3,the
the
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surface.
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16.
16.16.16. g x, y xe , 333 3 42. Find D f
42. Find Duu f 3, 2 , where u cos i 3, 2 , where u cos i sen j,j, each given
each given
42.
42. Find
value D DofuD fffD .3, f223, ,,, where u
uuu ucos iii sen isen j,
j,j,j, j, usando each given
In Exercises 17–20, find the directional derivative of the
3 42.42.
42.
42. Find
Find
Hallar
value Find
value D
FindofofuuD u.u.3,fu3,
f !3, 23, ",2where
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each
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each
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In
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. directional
directional direccional
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derivative deof la fun-
of the
the
value
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value value
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in 17–20,
the
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direction find find the ofthe
of Qthe
directional
Q . .directional derivativederivative
derivative of of
thethe
ofthe (a) (b) 2 2
ción
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in the direction de Q. of Q ... Q. (a)(a) 4 (b)
(b) 2233&
function at in the direction ofof Qof (a) &4 4 (b) 2
functionfunction
function
17. f x, y at P
at at
xPin2P inthe in
the the
direction
2directiondirection
3y , P 1, 1 , Q 4, 5 of Q Q . (a)(a)
a)(a)%(a)# 44 b)(b)%(b)# 333
(b)
(b)
17.
17. ff xx, ,yy xx2222 33yy2222, , PP 1,1,11 , ,QQ 4,4,55 444 3 33
17.
17. f x , y x 233yy2, ,2 P 2P1, 1111, ,,,Q 4, 5554, 5 (c) 44 (d) 5
17.17.17. f x , y x
f xf , xyf , xy, y x x x 3y3y,3y, P2 2 , P1,1,P 1, 1QQ ,1Q4, ,4,Q4, 5 (c)
(c)
(c) 443 4
4&4 (d)
(d)
(d) & 6
18. f x, y cos x y , P 0, , Q , 0 (c)c)(c)%(c)# 3333
(c) d)(d)%(d)# " 6666
(d)
(d)
18.
18. ff xx, ,yy cos cos xx yy , , PP 0,0, , ,QQ 2, ,00 v 666
18. fff xxx,,,yyfyx, y cos xx xyyy,,, yP 0, 0,,,,Q 2, 0 333
18.
18.18.18. f x, y cos coscosxcos x y , PP, P0,0,P 0, QQ , Q,222Q,,00, 0, 0 43. Find Du f 3, 2 , where u v v using each given vector v.
vvvv ,,,using
19. g x, y, z xyezz,z, P 2, 4, 0 , Q 0, 0, 202 43.
43. FindFindDDuuff 3,3,22 , ,where whereuu vusing each
eachgiven givenvector vectorv.v.
19.
19. gg xx, ,yy, ,zz xy xyeez z, PP 2,2,4,4,00 , ,QQ 0,0,0,0,020 43. Find D fffD3, 2f223, ,,,where u v, using each given vector v.
19.
19. g
20.19.19. g x x, , y y,
gh x, gy, xz, y, z xy , z z xy
xy ee
ln ex,xy , , P P
y 2, 2, 2, 4, 4,
z 4, 0 0 ,
, 0,PQ,01, ,Q Q 0,0, 0,
0,0,0,00, 000,0,Q04, 3, 1 43.
43.
43. 43. Find
Find
43.Hallar Find D D
FindD
uDuu ffu!3,
u u 3,3, 3, 22",, donde where
2
where where u vvv ,,using
, where u u u using , using
usando
, using each
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vector
vector v.v.v. v.
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dado.
xxe ,ePyy, P2,P ,Q
z
19. zz2, ,0, 4,
z
20. hh xgx, ,xyy,, ,yzz z lnlnxy
20.
z 4, PP 1, Q 0,
1,0,0, 0,00, 0 , ,0QQ 4,4,3,3,11 (a) v i j v v v
20. h x , y , z ln x y z , P 1, 0, 0 ,,,Q 4, 3, 1113, 1
(a)(a) vv ii jj
20.
20.20.20.hh hxx,,xhyy,,,xyz,z yz, z lnlnlnxxlnx xyy y yzz ,z, ,zPP, P1,1,P1, 0,0,1, 0,000, 0QQ ,0Q4,,4,Q3,3,4,
4, 3, 1 (a)(a)
(b) vvv viii 3ijijj 4j j
In Exercises 21–26, find the gradient of the function at the given (a)
(b)a)(a)vv(a)
(b) v# v i$ i3i3ij j 4j 4j
In
InExercises
Exercises21–26, 21–26,find findthe thegradient gradientof ofthe thefunction
functionat atthethegiven
given (b)(b) v v 3i3i 4j4j4j
In Exercises
point.
InIn
En Exercises
los ejercicios 21–26,
21–26, 21 find afind 26, thethe hallar gradient
gradient el gradienteof ofof the the function
function
defunction at
atat
la función the
the given
given
en el (c)
(b) b)(b)vv(b) is
visthe vthe vector
3ivector3i "3i4j 4j from 4j 1, 2 to 2, 6 .
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point. In
Exercises
point. Exercises
Exercises 21–26, 21–26,
21–26, find find find
the the the
gradient gradient gradient of the of
the the
function
function at at
thethethe
givengiven
given (c)(c) vis# the
"3i vector from 1,1,22 toto 2,2,66 . .
from
point.
point. (c)(c) vvv is is the
v the vector
vector from
from 1,1,
3, 22221,to to 4, 2,
2,2, 66.62, ... 6 .
punto
point. point.
point.
21. f x, y
dado.
3x 5y 2
1, 2, 1
(d)
(c)
(d)c)(c)vves
(d)
v(c) is
is
visis
is
the
the
el
the the
is
the vector
the
vector
vector
vector
vector vectorvector quefrom
from
from from
from
from
va de 1,
3,3,1,
to
to
2!21,2toto 2
2to " 4,a4,!55"2,
to 2,
5 . . 66.".
21.
21. ff xx, ,yy 33xx 55yy2222 1,1, 2,2,11 44. (d) (d) vvis f the yvector from 3,
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21.
21. ffgf xxxx,,,,yfyyyx, y 3323xxxxe y3xx55,5yyy2 52, 2y 21, 2, 1112, 1 Find
(d) )(d)vv(d)es
dFind vis
is ffis
xthe
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,the vector
the . vector
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. .vector
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22.
21.
22.21.gg xfx, ,xyy, y 22xx3eexyy xx, , 5y2,2,001,1, 1,2,2,2,
22.
21. 0
1, 1 44.
44. Find
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el
x ,
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y .
que va de
22. ggzgxxx,,,gyyln 44.
45.
44.44.
44. Find
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Find x,,xyfy, x.y., .y . value of the directional derivative at 3, 2 .
ff xmaximum
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22.
23.
22.22. 22. g x y, xy,x2y22222xxx2eeeyxy2ye,xxy,x,e,xy, 2,
y x
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,
2,2,32, 0002, 0
0 45.
45. Find
44. FindFind
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the !maximumfmaximum
!x, y". value value
valueof ofthe thedirectional
directionalderivative derivativeatat 3,3,22 . .
23.
23. zz lnln xx22 yy , , 2,2,33 45.
45.
46.45.45.
45. Find
Find the
Findthe
a the
the unitmaximum
the
maximum vectorvalue
maximum value
uvalue ofofof
orthogonal
valueof thethe
the of directional
directional
the
directional to
directional f 3, derivative
derivative and at
2 derivative
derivative atat3,
3,3,
calculate
at at3,2223,
... 2 .
23. zzz zln xxx2ln Find maximum the directional ff 3,3,2derivative 2.
23.
24.23.23. coslnln x 22 2yyy, ,2 , 2, ,2,2, 333,32, 34 46.
46. Find
Find aaelunit unit vector
vector uu orthogonal
orthogonal toto direccional 2 and and calculate
calculate
23.
24.
24. zz z cos ln
cos xxx2222x y y,yy2222,y, , 2, 3, 3,3 44 45. Find
46.
46.
46. D
46.
Hallar
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46.DDuFind f 3,
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a a 2 unit
unit .
unit
valor
a Discuss
unit vector máximo
vector
vector the
vector u
u u
de
orthogonal
geometric la
orthogonal
u
orthogonal
ugeometric
derivada
orthogonal meaningto
toto toff f 3,
of
3,
3,
fof3,the
2
f
2the
2 3, and
and
2
and
en
result.
2 result.
(3, 2).
calculate
calculate
and calculate
calculate C
24.
24. z
25.24.24. z coscos x x yy , , 3, 3, 441,4 1,4 2
u
ufff 3,3,3,2a2 . .unit Discuss
Discuss vector the
thegeometric orthogonal meaning
meaning to of the and calculate
result.
24. zw zcos 3x22xcos 2 2 5xyy , y2z3,
2 2 2 2 2
, , 3, 46. D u ortogonal !3,result.
2" result.
25. wwz 33xcos x22 x 55yy2222 y 2,2zz2222, ,3, 1,1,41,1, 22 fof
2 2 Hallar
25. DD f f3, 2f2un23, vector
...Discuss
Discuss unitario
the
the geometric de
geometric meaning
meaning aof!the
of the y calcular
result.
uufuD3, .2Discuss
2Discuss . Discuss the the
geometric geometric meaning meaning of the the
result.
uD
25. w 3 x 5 y 2 z , 1, 1, 222 2 u 3, the geometric meaning of the result.
25.
26.25.25.www wx3x3xtan x2x32xy255yy52 yz52 y, 222zz224,
tan ,z,223,3,
,z3,21, ,1,1, 11,1, 1, Du f !3, 2". Analizar el significado geométrico del resultado.
25.
26.
26. w w x 3tan yy zz , , 4,4, 111,
1, 2
26.
26. wwww wxxxtan x yytan
y y yzzz,,z, ,z 4, 3, 111 1
26.26.26. xtan
tan tan ,4,4,
4, 3,3,4, 3, 3, 1