FRACTIONS!

LET’S HAVE FUN

ABM 11
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
 WHAT IS A FRACTION?

• A symbol that is used to name equal parts of a

whole.
• A fraction has a NUMERATOR.
• The numerator is the top number and it
names the part that is shaded or unshaded.
• A fraction has a DENOMINATOR
• The denominator is the bottom number and
it names the total number of pieces in the
whole.
 HERE’S A HINT…

2 The number in the NORTH is

the Numerator!

4 The number that is DOWN is

the Denominator!
 PROPER FRACTION
• Proper fraction: fraction with a smaller
number on top (numerator) than the bottom
(denominator)
 IMPROPER FRACTION

• Improper Fraction: fraction with the top number

(numerator) larger than the bottom number
(denominator).
PART OF A WHOLE

3 is yellow
8
 PART OF A SET

4 of the set are pears

5
POSITION ON A NUMBER LINE
NAMING PARTS OF A WHOLE
NAMING FRACTIONAL PARTS
FINDING EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS
• EQUivALent means EQUAL!

• 3 is EQUivALent to 1
6 2
 HERE’S A HINT…

• To find equivalent fractions…

LOOK FOR A PATTERN

1 2 3 4 5
2 4 6 8 10
 HERE’S ANOTHER HINT…
• To find equivalent fractions…
USE BOTTOMS UP!

24 24
3 4
6 = 8
 COMPARING FRACTIONS…
USE BOTTOMS UP!

16 6
2 1
6
> 8

Two-sixths is greater than one-eighth

 COMPARING FRACTIONS…
USE BOTTOMS UP!

15 5 2 24

12 < 3

Five-twelfths is less than two-thirds

 ORDERING FRACTIONS

• You will be asked to order fractions from

Greatest to Least and from Least to Greatest
• You have three strategies to choose from:
1. Draw a picture
2. Use Bottoms Up
3. Use Fraction Fringe
 ORDERING FRACTIONS WITH
DRAWING A PICTURE

1 1 1
3 6 9

Least to greatest:
1 1 1
9 6 3
 ORDERING FRACTIONS WITH
BOTTOMS UP
1 1 1
3 6 9
1 1
>
1. Compare 1 and 1 3 6
3 6
2. Compare 1 and 1 1 1
3 9 >
3 9
3. Compare 1 and 1
6 9
1 1
>
Since 1/3 was largest 2 times, it is the largest 6 9
fraction!
1/6 is next, followed by 1/9.
ORDERING FRACTIONS WITH
FRACTION FRINGE
(YOU CAN DRAW IT!)

1 Whole

1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
 FINDING PARTS OF A SET

When a picture is given, put the items

into groups based
on the number in the denominator.

1 of 9 books = 3 books in each group

3
 FINDING PARTS OF A SET

When a picture is not given, you have two choices:

1. Draw a picture and solve!
2. Do the math!
8 times
what =
64?
=

1 Of 64 = ?

8
x
 MIXED NUMBERS
• A mixed number is a whole number and a fraction
combined
 MIXED NUMBERS
• Count the WHOLEs first
• Then find the FRACTIONal part
 FRACTION PROBLEM SOLVING

• USE YOUR STRATEGIES!!! Do not try to work out

the problems in your head ☺!!!
• Review all of the tricks and hints in this slideshow!
• Review your notes from class!
• PRACTICE! PRACTICE! PRACTICE!
Back to Basics
BASIC OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS
1. Adding and subtracting fractions:
• Get a common denominator
• Add or subtract the numerators
• Keep the denominator the same

Ex 1a: 2 1 Ex 1b: 7 1
+ −
3 4 8 2
8 3 7 4
= + = −
12 12 8 8
11 3
= =
12 8
BASIC OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS
2. Multiplying fractions:

• Multiply across, then reduce

OR
• Reduce early, then multiply across

Ex 2a: Ex 2b:  3  1 
 3  2    
    5  6 
 8  3  1
 3  1 
6   
=  5  6 
2
24 1
1
= 10
4
BASIC OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS
3. Dividing fractions:
• Rewrite as multiplication problem
• K eep the first fraction
• F lip the second fraction (reciprocal)
• C hange divide to multiply

Ex 3: 9 3

16 4
9  4
=  
16  3 
36 3
= =
48 4
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS

2 2 5 3 1
1) + 2) + +
3 5 6 4 2

10 9 6
10 6 + +
+ 12 12 12
15 15

19 6
16 1 +
=1 12 12
15 15

25
=2 1
12 12
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS

5 3 11 2 1
3) − 4) − +
6 5 12 3 4

11 8 3
25 18 − +
− 12 12 12
30 30
3 3
7 +
12 12
30
6 1
=
12 2
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS

 5  3   4  2  11
5)    6)    +
 9  8   5  3  15

8 11
 5  31  +
   15 15
 93  8 
19 4
5 =1
15 15
24
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
3
7 3 4 3 5
7) 
8 4
8)
5
= 
4 6
6
1 36
3
74
   
2 83 2
45
7 1
=1
6 6 9
10
 INTEGER RULES
• Positive # • Positive # = Positive #
• Negative # • Negative # = Positive #
(Same signs = positive answer)
• Positive # • Negative # = Negative #
• Negative # • Positive # = Negative #
(Opposite signs = neg answer)
• Same rules for division.
 IMPORTANT STUFF ABOUT
ZERO
• Zero times a number = zero
• Zero divided by a number = zero
• A number divided by zero = undefined
• How could you make zero groups of
something? It is not possible, so we get
“undefined” instead.
WHY DO I NEED TO KNOW THIS
STUFF?
• Fractions can and will help you in real life. In order
to figure out how to make only part of a recipe
because you do not want to feed ten people, but only
five, fractions will be very helpful.
•
You can use fractions to divide cake, or candy, and
you will need fractions to help figure out percents.
•
Fractions are useful when you buy paint to make
your house look nice and for figuring how much
interest you will pay to the bank when you take a
loan.
•
Fractions may be a bit difficult to learn, but believe
me, you will be happy that you spent the time.