Name: Mahmoud Ahmed Hamid Al-Hanafi Ahmed Dwidar

College: Industry Technological and Energy

Program: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

The first group

Section: 4

Subject: Applications of materials engineering

Introduction to engineering subjects

It is always new engineering materials that open the door to

new technologies, be it in civil, chemical, construction,
nuclear, aerospace, agricultural, mechanical, biomedical or
electrical engineering. They are among the greatest
achievements of every era and have been fundamental to
growth, prosperity, security and quality human life since the
beginning of history.
In the past quarter of a century, a general engineering
department concerned with materials has emerged, which
is the science of engineering materials, which is in fact a
combination of basic scientific studies and scientific
engineering. This science has evolved to include
contributions in traditional fields such as metallurgy,
ceramic engineering, polymer chemistry, solid body physics,
and physical chemistry. Read on to learn more about some
types of engineering materials and their uses.

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What are engineering materials?

Engineering materials are all materials found in life,

whether natural or industrial, that have been used in public
life as materials included in manufacturing and engineering
investment. Its properties and applications, by linking
science with its branches of chemistry, physics and
engineering.
Materials science still includes elements of physics,
chemistry, and engineering. As such, the field has long been
considered by academic institutions as a sub-field of general
engineering. Beginning in the 1940s, materials science
began to be widely recognized as a specific and distinct field
of science and engineering, and major technical universities
around the world established schools dedicated to its study.

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Scientists' efforts to classify engineering materials

Scientists have emphasized throughout history the need to

understand how the history of matter affects its structure,
and thus the properties and performance of materials.
Many ancient Muslim scholars also excelled in the study
and classification of engineering materials, including Ibn
Sina, who is considered the first to study and classify
minerals, and Al-Biruni, author of the book “Al-Jaher fi
Knowing the Jewels” which deals with the science of
minerals, and Al-Tivashi, the author of the book “The
Flowers of Ideas in the Jewels of Stones”, in which he
describes minerals and precious stones.
The study of engineering materials was a driving factor for
the development of many technologies and industries,
especially during the nineteenth century. Scientists and
engineers of materials continue to make every effort to
study these materials and link them to all other sciences,
due to their strong impact on industries and our daily life in
general.
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Types of engineering materials
For ease of viewing the engineering materials that we deal
with in the industry, they have been divided into five main
groups, each of which has some sub-groups, as follows:

1-metallic materials (mineral):

They are materials that include ferrous and non-ferrous
metals. Ferrous in its name includes wrought iron and cast
iron. It is of great industrial importance, and the production
of ferrous metals in the world is about 800 million tons
annually. These minerals are usually extracted from the
ground or through meteorites. While non-ferrous metals
Ferrous includes all other metals used in industry other than
iron, and can be divided according to their properties into
minerals:
1-Heavy as copper and nickel.
2-As light as aluminum and magnesium.
3-Soft like lead and tin.
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2- Non-metallic materials:
They are both synthetic and natural materials that do not
contain metal. These materials are able to retain their
unique chemical properties during the manufacturing
process. There are a variety of non-metallic materials,
including:
1-Natural materials Stones, sand, gravel, marble, wood,
leather, diamonds.
2-Synthetic materials such as glass, cement, gypsum, bricks,
ceramics, and cork.

3- Composite materials:

Any substance that is produced from two or more

constituent materials. These constituent substances have
markedly dissimilar chemical or physical properties and are
combined to create a material with properties different
from the individual elements. It includes composite
materials, materials reinforced with granules, and others
reinforced with fibers. Examples of composite materials are:
Reinforced cement.
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Composite wood such as plywood and counter panels.
Reinforced plastics, such as reinforced polymer or
fiberglass.
Carbon fibers which are widely used in solar panels and
wind power generators.
4- Auxiliary materials for manufacturing:

As the name indicates, it is the materials that help in the

manufacturing process except for the activating materials
(catalyst), and include materials for welding and gluing,
cleaning, grinding and polishing, and insulation. Unlike raw
materials, they do not constitute the physical material of
the final product. But they are indispensable in the process
manufacturing.
5- Other materials:

It includes the rest of the other basic materials used in the

industrial process, and is not graded in any of the other
types. Often the purpose of its main use for the production
process is energy or cooling and annealing, including water,
fuel, explosives, and nuclear energy materials.
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Engineering material properties
It is the properties of the material that give value to it,
which can be chosen in the appropriate industrial product
according to the compatibility in the required
characteristics, such as choosing a material for its strength,
electrical properties, or resistance to heat or corrosion, or
for a group of other reasons; But it's all about the
characteristics. The study of material sciences depends
mainly on knowing the characteristics of each of them,
according to theoretical or laboratory information.

Choosing appropriate engineering materials :

When choosing engineering materials to produce a specific
part, for example, the requirements for the function of this
part must be determined, in addition to economic
considerations. There are also many material properties
that are directly affected by the method of manufacturing
used. Therefore, you must know some of the following
basics, in order to choose the appropriate material
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The material and properties required in manufacturing or
production, and the compatibility between the properties
of the available material and the functional requirements of
the product.
Possible manufacturing methods and methods for these
materials, i.e. the suitability of material properties for
different manufacturing methods and the extent to which
they are affected by these methods.
The relative availability of materials, taking into account the
costs of the product, in terms of material value and
manufacturing method.