10

10
Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 8 & 9:
Uses Appropriate Measures of
Position and other Statistical
Methods in Analyzing and
Interpreting Research Data
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 8-9: Uses of Appropriate Measures of Position
And other Statistical Method in Interpreting and Analyzing Research Data
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message
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 What I Need to Know

Often, statisticians describe the position of a value or particular information

relative to the position of other values in a set of observations. Measures of
position are used in educational researches and other disciplines such as
medicine, marketing , etc.

Thus, this module was prepared and designed in order to prepare learners to
become critical , analytical and be equipped with the proper tools to make sound
and valid judgments on real life issues.

At the end of this module, the learners are expected to know and apply the
uses of appropriate measures of position and other statistical method in
interpreting and analyzing research data. M10SP-IVh-j-1

What I Know
Directions: Read carefully and answer the questions below the table. Use
separate sheet of paper to write your answer.

Below is a frequency distribution table that shows the number of the

coronavirus COVID-19 patients in the Philippines as of April 2, 2020 by age
group.

age bracket frequency LB <cf

90-99 7 89.5 2625
80-89 103 79.5 2618
70-79 326 69.5 2515
60-69 609 59.5 2189
50-59 567 49.5 1580
40-49 375 39.5 1013
30-39 379 29.5 638
20-29 242 19.5 259
10-19 17 9.5 17

1. Find the 3rd quartile, and 75th percentile of the set of data.
2. If the most severe cases belong to 40% of the age bracket, does an
individual whose age is 35 years old belong to that group?
 What’s In

Are measures of position useful in interpreting and analyzing research

data? How will you analyze and interpret the result? Can you make a
conclusion after the findings?

The data below shows the frequency distribution of relief operation in 16

barangays of San Antonio, Province of Nueva Ecija as of May 20, 2020.

Number of grocery packs No. of barangay received

delivered in the barangay the grocery packs
(Class interval) (frequency) LB <cf

251-300 1
201-250 3
151-200 7
101-150 4
51-100 1
1-50 0

Calculate , analyze and interpret the result of the following.

1. Quartile 2
2. Decile 6
3. Percentile 60

What’s New

How are the measures of position for grouped data used in real life
situations? Is the Percentile Rank useful in relating individual scores to their
positions in the entire group? Can the data can be interpreted using the
Measures of Position? Can you make a conclusion in a research data?
Measures of position give us a way to see where a certain data point or
values fall in a distribution. A measure can tell us whether a value is about the
average or it is usually high or low.
Analyzing and interpreting the results are part of the conclusion in a
research.
Can you Calculate Quartile 3 , 75 th Percentile and Percentile Rank of the
score 32 in the given table below? Can you write a conclusion after you solved
for the measures of position? If you will conduct a research on this can you
formulate conclusions and findings? How about interpreting the results?
 Scores frequency LB <cf
46-50 2
41-45 3
36-40 10
31-35 12
26-30 5
21-25 4
16-20 3
11-15 1

The table above shows a frequency distribution of the scores of 40 students

in G10 Mathematics under modular learning modality.
Show your solution and interpret the result.

What is It
Measures of position give us a way to see where a certain data point or
value falls. These are used for quantitative data that falls on some numerical
scale.

Statistician often talks about the position of a value, relative to other

values in a set of data. The most common measures of position are percentile
and quartiles.

Quartiles are useful to determine where the data fall. It is essentially

divide the data into four regions. It is useful when you’re working with data
that isn’t symmetrically distributed.

Each quarter is 25% of the total number of data points. The first Quartile
or 𝑄1 is the value in the data set such that 25% of the data points is less than
this value and 75% of the data set is greater than this value.

The second quartile or 𝑄2 is the value in the data set such that 50% of the
data points is less than this value and 50% of the data set is greater than this
value. The third quartile or 𝑄3 is the value such that 75% of the data points is
less than this value or 25% of the data points is greater than this value.

The Percentile of the data set divides the distribution into 100 parts.
Percentile 60 means 60% of the data is less than or equal to the given data
and it also concludes that if you belong to 60% you are better than 60% of the
population.

A common application of percentiles is their used in determining passing

or failure cut-off for standardized examination. If you have a 95th percentile
score then you are at or above 95% of all test takers.
 Measures of position are used to describe data in many situations.

Example 1
Below is the frequency distribution table that shows the sustained wind
speeds in km/h by the typhoons in the Philippines in 2017.
Sustained wind speeds Cumulative
Frequency (f) LB
(km/h) Frequency (cf)
181 – 200 1 180.5 39
161 – 180 2 160.5 38
141 – 160 4 140.5 36
121 – 140 4 120.5 32
101 – 120 1 100.5 28
81 – 100 7 80.5 27
61 – 80 9 60.5 20
41 - 60 11 40.5 11
N = 39

Find the 𝑄1 , 𝐷2 , 𝑃25 ,𝑄2 , 𝐷5 , 𝑃50 , 𝑄3 ,𝐷7 , 𝑃75

Formula: where LB = lower boundary of class
𝑘𝑁 N = total frequency
−𝑐𝑓𝑏 cfb= cumulative frequency of
𝑄𝑘 = 𝐿𝐵 + [ 4 𝑓𝑄 ] 𝑖
𝑘 the class before the class
f= frequency of class
where LB = lower boundary of class
i = size of the class interval
N = total frequency
k = nth quartile where n = 1, 2, and 3
cfb= cumulative frequency of
𝑘𝑁the class before the class
− 𝑐𝑓𝑏
f= frequency of class
𝐷𝑘 = 𝐿𝐵 + [ 10i = size ]of𝑖 the class interval
𝑓𝐷𝑘
k = nth decile where n = 1, 2, 3….9

where LB = lower boundary of class

N = total frequency
𝑘𝑁 − 𝑐𝑓𝑏 cfb= cumulative frequency of
the class before the class
𝑃𝑘 = 𝐿𝐵 + 100 𝑖
f=
𝑓𝑃frequency of class
𝑘
[ i = size]of the class interval
k = nth percentile where n = 1, 2,3....99
 Solution:
1(39) 5(39)
−0 −11
4 10
𝑄1 = 40.5 + [ ] 20 𝐷5 = 60.5 + [ ] 20
11 9

𝑄1 = 40.5 + ( 0.8864)20 = 60.5 + (0.9444) 20

= 40.5 + 17.73 = 79.39
= 58.23
2(39) 50(39)
−0 −11
10 100
𝐷2 = 40.5 + [ ] 20 𝑃50 = 60.5 + [ ] 20
11 9

= 40.5 + (0.7091) 20 = 60.5 + ( 0.9444)20

= 40.5 + 14.18 = 79.39
= 54.68
25(39) 3(39)
−0 −28
100 4
𝑃25 = 40.5 + [ ] 20 𝑄3 = 120.5 + [ ] 20
11 4

𝑃25 = 40.5 + (0.89)20 = 120.5 + ( 0.3125)20

= 40.5 + 17.8 = 120.5 + 6.25
= 58.3 = 126.75
2(39) 7(39)
−11 −27
4 10
𝑄2 = 60.5 + [ ] 20 𝐷7 = 100.5 + [ ] 20
9 1

= 60.5 + (.9444)20 = 100.5 + ( 0.3)20

= 60.5 + 18.89 = 100.5 + 6
= 79.39 = 106.5

75(39)
−28
100
𝑃75 = 120.5 + [ ] 20
4

= 120.5 + ( 0.3125) 20
= 120.5 + 6.25
= 126.75

INTERPRETATION

The quartile divides a sorted data set into four equal parts. The first or lower
quartile consists of the bottom 25% of the data. Therefore, 25% of the typhoons
in the Philippines in 2017 have a sustained wind speed less than or equal to 𝑄1 =
58.23km/h.
The deciles are the nine score points which divide a distribution into ten
equal parts. 𝐷2 is equal to 20%. Therefore, 20% of the typhoons in the
Philippines in 2017 have a sustained wind speed less than or equal to 𝐷2 =
54.68 km/hr.
 The percentiles divide a distribution into one hundred equal parts. They
are used to characterize values according to the percentage below them. 𝑃25 is
the same as the 𝑄1 , which is equal to 25% of the data. Therefore, 25% of the
typhoons in the Philippines in 2017 have a sustained wind speed less than or
equal to 𝑃25 = 58.23 km/hr.
The quartile divides a sorted data set into four equal parts. The second
quartile also known as the median or middle score, consists of the 50% of the
data. Therefore, 50% of the typhoons in the Philippines in 2017 have a
sustained wind speed less than or equal to 𝑄2 = 79.39 km/hr.
The deciles are the nine score points which divide a distribution into ten
equal parts. 𝐷5 is equal to 𝑄2 which is the median or middle score. Therefore,
50% of the typhoons in the Philippines on 2017 have a sustained wind speed
less than or equal to 𝐷75 = 79.39 km/hr.
The percentiles divide a distribution into one hundred equal parts. They
are used to characterize values according to the percentage below them. 𝑃50 is
the same as the 𝑄2 and 𝐷5 , which is equal to 50% of the data. Therefore, 50%
of the typhoons in the Philippines in 2017 have a sustained wind speed less
than or equal to 𝑃50 = 79.39 km/hr.
The quartile divides a sorted data set into four equal parts. The third or
upper quartile consists of the top 25% of the data. Therefore, 75% of the
typhoons in the Philippines in 2017 have a sustained wind speed less than or
equal to 𝑄3 = 126.75 km/hr.
The deciles are the nine score points which divide a distribution into ten
equal parts. 𝐷7 is equal to 70%. Therefore, 70% of the typhoons in the
Philippines in 2017 have a sustained wind speed less than or equal to 𝐷7 =
106.5 km/hr.
The percentiles divide a distribution into one hundred equal parts. They
are used to characterize values according to the percentage below them. 𝑃75 is
the same as the 𝑄3 , which is equal to 75% of the data. Therefore, 75% of the
typhoons in the Philippines in 2017 have a sustained wind speed less than or
equal to 𝑃75 = 126.75 km/hr.

CONCLUSION
The findings on this mini-research paper show the measures of position of
sustained wind speed in km/hr of typhoon in the Philippines in 2017. The
following conclusions can be derived:
1. At least 70% of the typhoons in the Philippines in 2017 have a sustained
wind speed less than or equal to 106.5 km/h
2. Most of the typhoons in the Philippines in 2017 have sustained winds that
are in between the first quartile and second quartile or the median.
RECOMMENDATION
Due to the significant result of this study and in order to further
determine the effect of the wind speed to the typhoon, it is recommended that
 the data be classified according to the strength of the typhoons, so as to
determine the percentage of the typhoons that hit the Philippines, within the
year 2017, that comprises of the various strength of typhoon that can be
differentiated by the public storm warning signal.

Example 2

The table below shows the passing score of 212 examinees in a College
Entrance Examination. The passing score must be 70%. Suppose you are one
of the examinees who took the exam, what must be at least your score in order
to pass the exam?

Score frequency LB <cf class

90-100 56 89.5 212
80-89 46 79.5 156
70-79 37 69.5 110
60-69 28 59.5 73
50-59 20 49.5 45
40-49 12 39.5 25
30-39 9 29.5 13
20-29 4 19.5 4
N = 212

70(212)
𝑃70 = = 148.40
100

𝑃70 = 79.5 + [ 148.4046−110 ]10

= 79.5 + 8.35
= 87.85

Interpretation

The Percentile divides the distribution into 100 equal parts. They are
used to characterize values according to the percentage below them. 𝑃70 is the
score that belongs to 70% passing rate to enter a certain college. Since a
passing rate is 70% , we can conclude that you must have at least 87.85 to
pass the exam.
PERCENTILE RANK

The Percentile Rank of a score (PR) is the percentage of scores in its

frequency distribution that is less than that score.

It is commonly used to clarify the interpretation of scores in standardized

tests.

where
Formula PR = percentile rank, the answer
will be a percentage
N = total frequency
cfp = cumulative frequency of
(𝑃−𝐿𝐵) 𝑓𝑝 all the
𝑃𝑃𝑅 = 100
𝑁
[ 𝑖
+ cfp ] values below the critical value
P = raw score or value for which
one wants to find a percentile rank
LB = lower boundary of the kth
percentile class
i = size of the class interval

From a research , the table below is a tabulated scores of 30 students who

took an examination. The passing rate is 75%, what does it imply? Determine
the Percentile Rank of the one who took the exam with a score of 28. Did the
examinee pass the exam?

Score frequency LB <cf

50-54 1 49.5 30
45-49 2 44.5 29
40-44 4 39.5 27
3 34.5 23 class
35-39
30-34 8 29.5 20
25-29 7 24.5 12
20-24 2 19.5 5
15-19 3 14.5 3
N = 30

𝑃75 class
75(30)
𝑃75 = = 22.5
100
Solving for 𝑃75
𝑃75 = 34.5 + [ 22.5−20
3
]5
= 34.5 + (0.8333) 5
= 34.5 + 4.1667
= 38.67

Percentile Rank

28 is within the class interval 25-29

𝑃𝑃𝑅 =
100
30
[ (28−24.5)
5
7
+5]

= 3.333 [ (3.5) 7
5
+5]
24.5
= 3.333 ( + 5)
5
= 3.333 ( 9.9)
= 32.997
= 33%

Round off the resulting value to the nearest whole number.

Conclusion

Since 75% is the passing rate, the examinee should score at least 39
items correctly to pass the exam.

The Percentile rank of the one who took the exam with the score of 28 is
33% , thus the examinee did not pass the exam.

On the other hand we can tell that the one who took the exam with the
score of 28 is 33% better than the other examinees.

What’s More

A. Directions: Solve for the following then interpret the result.

1. Quartile 2
2. Quartile 3

The table below shows the frequency distribution of the number

of hours worked each week of 100 community volunteers during the
pandemic last May, 2020.
 Number of Number of LB <cf
hours Volunteers
(Class Interval) (frequency)
40-49 5
30-39 18
20-29 39
10-19 14
0-9 24

B. Directions: Use measures of position to solve for the following

and interpret the result.
a) 40th Percentile
b) Percentile Rank of families who received donation amounting to
3700 .

The table shows the data of cash donation received by 80 families in

barangay Sta Cruz, San Antonio, Nueva Ecija.

Amount or cash Number

donation received of
(Php) families LB <cf

6000-6499 15
5500-5999 10
5000-5499 25
4500-4999 10
4000-4499 5
3500-3999 5
3000-3499 3
2500-2999 2
2000-2499 2
1500-1999 1
1000-1499 1
500-999 1

What I Have Learned

The table below shows the scores of Grade 10 STE students who
have taken the Mastery test in Mathematics. Find the following and make
interpretation/s.
1. Quartile 3
2. Percentile 75
3. If Gian is one of the Grade 10 STE students scores 42 , what will
be his Percentile Rank? What percent of the students is above Gian’s
score?
 Scores frequency LB <cf
46-50 5
41-45 6
36-40 3
31-35 8
26-30 2
21-25 1
16-20 1
11-15 3
6-10 0
0-5 0

What I Can Do

Based on what you have learned from Module 6-9, make a mini- research
which is quantifiable and apply the appropriate measures of position and
percentile rank to interpret the result of your research data. Follow the format
in developing a mini-research .

Teacher’s Scoring Rubric in Assessing Students’ Performance

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
Understand- Demonstrated Demonstrated Demonstrated Demonstrated
ing of the Task substantial understanding gaps in their little
understanding even some of understanding of understanding
of the content, ideas or details the content and of the content
processes and may have been task
demands of misunderstood
the task
Completion of Completed the Completed most Completed the Completed the
the Task task with the of the task task even some of task but with
correct information are little or no
information missing success
Correctness of Manifested Manifested most Manifested some Manifested most
the Task accurate of the answers of the answers are of the answers
answers are correct correct are incorrect
Spelling and No spelling Minimal spelling Noticeable Unacceptable
Grammar and/or and/or grammar spelling and number of
grammar mistakes grammar spelling and/or
mistakes mistakes grammar
mistakes.
TOTAL
 Assessment

Directions: Multiple choice. Choose the letter of the best answer and write
your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. In a 50 item test, Phoebe got a score of 30 which is the third Quartile,

this means _________________________.
A. She got the lowest score..
B. She surpassed 75% of her classmates.
C. Her score is higher than 25% of her classmates
D. 75% of the class did not pass the test.

2. In a 40 item test, the passing mark is the 3rd quartile, What does it
imply?
A . The student should answer at least 20 items correctly to pass the test.
B . The student should answer at least 30 items correctly to pass the test.
C . The student should answer at most 20 items correctly to pass the test.
D. The student should answer at most 30 items correctly to pass the test

3. Ashely got 45 in her 50-item test in Mathematics. The percentile rank of

her score is 90% This means ______________.
A. She answered 90% of the items correctly.
B. She answered 45% of the items correctly.
C. She answered 45% of the items wrong.
D. She answered 90% of the items wrong.

4. If you received a score of 85 on a mathematics test and this score is greater

than or equal to the scores of 80% of the students taking the test, what will
be your percentile rank?
A. 75%
B. 80%
C. 85%
D. 90%

5. In a 60 item test, Carlson scored 48. His score has a percentile rank of
70%, what does it mean?
A. He is 30% better than other test takers.
B. He is 70% better than other test takers.
C. His score is greater than or equal to 30% of the other test takers.
D. His score is lower than or equal to to 70 % of the other test takers.
What’s more
Assessment
A.
A.
1. = 22.58
B
Interpretation: 50% of the number of hours worked each
D
week of the community volunteers is less than or equal to
A
22.58.
B
2. = 28.99
B
Interpretation: 75% of the number of hours worked each
week of the community volunteers is less than or equal to
28.99
B.
= Php 5039.75
b. Percentile Rank of 3700 pesos income
PR = 15%
What I have learned What’s new
1. = 43.63 1. = 38
Interpretation: 75% of the class got a score of less than or Interpretation: 75% of the
equal to 43.63 scores is less than or equal to
2. =43.63 38.
Interpretation: 75% of the class got a score of less than or 2. = 38
equal to 43.63 Interpretation: 75% of the
3. Percentile rank of Gian Score which is 42 scores is less than or equal to
Percentile Rank 38.
PR = 88.97% or 89% 32 is within 31-35
Interpretation: Gian’s score is 89% rank and he is better Percentile rank = 42%
than 89% of his classmates and also, 11% is higher than
his score.
What’s in What I know
Quartile 2 = 171.93
50% of the families received grocery packs which is less = 65.88
than or equal to 171.93 or 172 packs = 65.88
Decile 6 = 183.36 No, because the percentile
60% of the families received grocery packs which is less than rank of an individual whose
or equal to 183.36 or 183 packs. age is 35 is 18 % which is
Percentile 60= 183.36 lower than the percentile
60% of the families received grocery packs which is less than rank of severe cases which is
or equal to 183.36 or 183 packs. 40%.
Answer Key
References

Books

Obsequio, Enrico L. Experiential Unified Math 10: DANE Publishing

House Inc. And Enrico L. Obseqio

Orines, Fernando B., et al. Next Century Mathematics 10: Quezon City, Phoenix
Publishing House Inc.2015

Orlando A. Oronce and Marilyn O. Mendoza, E-Math 10, Sampaloc Manila,

Rex Bookstore

Subia, Gener S., et al. Statistics Worktext with Research Applications and
Probability United Nations Avenue Ermita Manila, Educational
Publishing House 2015

Websites

Scribd, Inc.SlideShare.net February 21, 2021

https://www.slideshare.net/

Stephanie Glen. “Welcome to Statistics How to!” February 20, 2021

https;//www.statisticshowto.com/