AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table 1

a d g k
Draw and label an atom. Include labels for the following: What are the symbols for the following elements? Complete and balance the following equations. What is Separating Mixtures
neutron, proton, electron. the name of the compound formed? What are the following separation techniques?
Element Symbol

Mg + O2 MgO
oxygen

lithium Be + S BeS

sodium
Be + F2

potassium
K + Cl2
helium

True or false? carbon

h
1. The radius of an atom is 0.1nm Mixtures
2. Most of the mass is in the shell of the atom. magnesium Write the definition of a mixture. Give two examples.

b e
Fill in the table to show the charges and mass of the Complete the following diagram for sodium, include the
components of an atom. atomic number and the atomic mass number.

Name Charge Relative Mass

proton

neutron Na
i
Name the compounds and the elements they contain.
electron
What separation technique would you use to separate out
What is the overall charge of an atom?
NaCl - different inks in pens?
Positive What is the mass number?
Negative MgO -
No charge How do you calculate neutron number?
MgS -

c FeS - How can salt be collected using the process of crystallisation?

A compound is 2 or more , chemically
. f
Isotopes are elements with a different number of
but the same number of , j
Which of the following are compounds? What is the ratio of the elements in the following
e.g. carbon 12 and carbon 14. Sand and water can be separated by using a process called
Put a ring round them. compounds?

How can you use isotopes to calculate the relative atomic

oxygen, salt water, magnesium oxide, sodium chloride, e.g. CaO = 1:1 NaCl =
mass? Write down the equation. Describe, in 4 steps, how to collect salt from rock salt.
nitrogen

Why have you circled the ones you have? MgCl2 = lithium fluoride = 1.
2.
K20 = sodium hydroxide = 3.
4.

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AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table 2

a d g j
Complete the electronic structure diagrams for: List 3 halogens Complete the following dot and cross diagrams for: Describe the plum pudding model of the atom.
oxygen , , , NaCl Draw a diagram.

How many electrons do they have in their outer shell?

Describe how the reactivity changes as you go down the

group.

magnesium

MgO
Write balanced symbol equations for the following reactions:
Why did scientists believe this model?
bromine + potassium iodide

b
Describe why the noble gases are so unreactive. k
chlorine + sodium iodide Describe what the alpha scattering experiment showed
scientists.

fluorine + potassium chloride

The boiling points of the noble gases increase/decrease as e h

you go down the group. (delete the wrong answer) Can you Underline the properties of metals and circle the Complete word equations for the following reactions:
explain your answer? properties of non-metals:
sodium + chlorine
Strong, low density, malleable, dull, good conductors
of heat and electricity, high melting and boiling point, lithium + iodine
brittle, not good conductors of electricity.
potassium + bromine
c f
Describe what happens to the reactivity of the alkali James Chadwick discovered the…
metals as you go down the group. (underline the correct answer) i l
How are the groups arranged in the periodic table? Niels Bohr discovered that
proton
Why?
neutron
How can you tell that the alkali metals are very reactive? Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the periodic table?
electron

Complete the word and symbol equation for sodium

reacting with water:
sodium + water sodium hydroxide + How can you tell the noble gases are unreactive? What happened to some of the gaps he left?

Na + NaOH +

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AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table 3

a
The transition elements are a group of metals with similar properties which are different to the metals in group 1.
Shade in the transition metals on the periodic table below.

b c
Name three common transition metals. Complete the sentences below to describe the properties
of transition metals.

They form compounds when reacting.

They are of heat and electricity. They

are malleable. They have densities.

Compared to the alkali metals, they are reactive.

d
Complete the table to show the ions and colours formed by iron compounds. iron (III) oxide

Compound Name Ion Colour

iron (II) hydroxide Fe²+

Fe³+

iron (III) oxide

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AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Answers 1

a d g k
Draw and label an atom. Include labels for the following: What are the symbols for the following elements? Complete and balance the following equations. What is Separating Mixtures
neutron, proton, electron. the name of the compound formed? What are the following separation techniques?
Element Symbol

2Mg + O2 2MgO
oxygen O
magnesium oxide
lithium Li Be + S BeS
beryllium sulphide
sodium Na
Be + F2 BeF2
electrons
neutrons beryllium fluoride
potassium K
protons 2K + Cl2 2KCl
helium He potassium chloride
True or false? Distillation
1. The radius of an atom is 0.1nm True carbon C
h
2. Most of the mass is in the shell of the atom. False, most Mixtures
of the mass is in the centre magnesium Mg Write the definition of a mixture. Give two examples.

Two or more elements together, not chemically joined and

b e
Fill in the table to show the charges and mass of the Complete the following diagram for sodium, include the
can be easily separated.
components of an atom. atomic number and the atomic mass number.

Name Charge Relative Mass Salt water, sand and water

proton +1 1 23 mass number

neutron 0 1 Na
i
Name the compounds and the elements they contain.
electron -1 very small Fractional distillation
11 atomic number
What is the overall charge of an atom?
NaCl - sodium chloride, sodium and chlorine What separation technique would you use to separate out
No charge What is the mass number?
different inks in pens?
Total number of protons and neutrons. MgO - magnesium oxide, magnesium and oxygen
How do you calculate neutron number?
MgS - magnesium sulfide, magnesium and sulfur Chromatography
Atomic mass – proton number
c FeS - iron sufide, iron and sulfur
A compound is 2 or more elements, chemically joined.
How can salt be collected using the process of crystallisation?
f
Isotopes are elements with a different number of By heating up a mixture of salt and water, the water will
Which of the following are compounds?
neutrons but the same number of protons, e.g. carbon j evaporate and leave the salt in the bowl.
Put a ring round them. What is the ratio of the elements in the following
12 and carbon 14.
compounds?
oxygen, salt water, magnesium oxide, sodium chloride, Sand and water can be separated by using a process called
How can you use isotopes to calculate the relative atomic filtration.
nitrogen e.g. CaO = 1:1 NaCl = 1:1
mass? Write down the equation.
Why have you circled the ones you have? Describe, in 4 steps, how to collect salt from rock salt.
Ar = sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) MgCl2 = 1:2 lithium fluoride = 1:1 1. Grind the mixture;
They have 2 or more elements in the word equation. sum of abundances of all the isotopes.
2. Add water and stir;
K20 = 2:1 sodium hydroxide = 1:1:1 3. Filter the mixture;
4. Evaporate the salt water and salt is left over.
AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Answers 2

a d g j
Complete the electronic structure diagrams for: List 3 halogens Complete the following dot and cross diagrams for: Describe the plum pudding model of the atom.
oxygen chlorine, fluorine, iodine, astatine NaCl Draw a diagram.
A sphere of positive
How many electrons do they have in their outer shell?
charge with electrons
7 electrons
dotted about; looking like a plum
Describe how the reactivity changes as you go down the pudding.
group.
They become less reactive, the atom becomes larger
because there are more electron shells, further from the
magnesium
nucleus so the pull of the nucleus is less. So the electron
is less likely to be gained as there is less of a positive pull.

MgO
Write balanced symbol equations for the following reactions:

bromine + potassium iodide Why did scientists believe this model?

Br2 + 2KI 2KBr + I2 Lack of experimental evidence.

b chlorine + sodium iodide

Describe why the noble gases are so unreactive. k
Cl2+ 2NaI 2NaCl + I2 Describe what the alpha scattering experiment showed
Their outer shell is full of electrons.
scientists.
fluorine + potassium chloride
F2 + KCl 2KF + Cl2 Most alpha particles go straight through, some are
scattered, some rebound off the gold foil.
The boiling points of the noble gases increase as you go
This shows that the nucleus of an atom has a very small
down the group.
e h radius. Most of the mass is concentrated in the nucleus.
This is because there are more forces to bond the atoms Underline the properties of metals and circle the Complete word equations for the following reactions:
together, therefore more energy is required to break the properties of non-metals:
bonds. sodium + chlorine sodium chloride
Strong, low density, malleable, dull, good conductors
of heat and electricity, high melting and boiling point, lithium + iodine lithium iodide
brittle, not good conductors of electricity.
c
Describe what happens to the reactivity of the alkali potassium + bromine potassium bromide
metals as you go down the group. f
James Chadwick discovered the…
It increases
(underline the correct answer) i l
How are the groups arranged in the periodic table? Niels Bohr discovered that
Why? proton According to their properties. electrons orbit the nucleus in shells.
The number of electrons increases. They are further away
from the nucleus. There is less pull on the outer electrons neutron Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in the periodic table?
so the atom is more likely to loose an electron. How can you tell that the alkali metals are very reactive? He knew that the elements existed but they hadn’t been
electron According to their properties. found, based on their mass.
Complete the word and symbol equation for sodium
reacting with water: What happened to some of the gaps he left?
sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen How can you tell the noble gases are unreactive? They have been filled. Scientists have found some of the
Full shell of outer electrons. elements.
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Answers 3

a
The transition elements are a group of metals with similar properties which are different to the metals in group 1.
Shade in the transition metals on the periodic table below.

b c
Name three common transition metals. Complete the sentences below to describe the properties
Students may name some of the following: chromium, of transition metals.
manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper or any other
They form coloured compounds when reacting. They are
transition metal.
conductors of heat and electricity. They are malleable. They

have high densities.

Compared to the alkali metals, they are less reactive.

d
Complete the table to show the ions and colours formed by iron compounds. iron (III) oxide

Compound Name Ion Colour

iron (II) hydroxide Fe²+ pale green

iron (III) hydroxide Fe³+ orange-brown

iron (III) oxide Fe³+ red-brown

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