Name : Maryama Annajilah

Class : 6 A2

Subject : Semantic & Pragmatic

Lecturer : Mr. Aidil

JOURNALS 1

CO-TEXT ORAL TRADITIONS CACAP-CACAPAN IN LUBUKLINGGAU CITY

Journals Contents

This study aims to understand the context contained in the cacap-cacapan traditional marriage
ceremony in the city of Lubuklinggau. This traditional ceremonial study uses a qualitative analysis
method, in which the researcher describes the context which is an element of the ceremony. The
Malay tribe is the largest tribe in Indonesia, one of the areas that includes the Malay tribe is the
province of South Sumatra, one of which is Lubuklinggau which has an area of 419.8 km2 which is a
city. across the central part of Sumatra. The cultural traditions of the Malay tribe continue to be
passed down by the people of Lubuklinggau city for generations, one of which is the cacap-cacapan
traditional ceremony, which is a ceremony held after consent and qabul. The results of the study in the
event all co-text elements have their respective meanings, symbols and functions, namely water as
self-purification, flowers as life fragrances, solidarity as a household midwife. Done, a bribe is a gift
and a sign of parental affection for their newly married child.

Research Method

This traditional ceremonial study uses a qualitative method of analysis. The data collected in the
cacap-capan marriage ceremony was obtained through several techniques, namely: Interviews,
Observations, Documentation

Results and Discussion

a. Oral Tradition

Oral tradition as a verbal message in the form of a statement reported from the past to the present
generation, the possibility of the verbal message being spoken, sung, or delivered only through the
instrument. This understanding broadens the way in which oral traditions are conveyed by adding that
verbal messages can be conveyed through sounds, movements, and sounds, in other words not only
speech. Oral tradition becomes three, namely: (1) oral oral traditions, (2) oral partial oral traditions,
and (3) material oral traditions.
b. Cotext

Coteks functions as an explanation of the meaning or message of a text or oral tradition, but can
have its own meaning in an oral tradition. Koteks accompanies or replaces the text in the process of
creation, delivery, and interpretation of oral traditions. The text of the oral tradition can be divided
into paralinguistic contexts kinetic, proxemics and material elements:

1. Co-teks paralinguistic: Paralinguistic placement influences the meaning of spoken language, proper
placement makes sentences or speeches easier to understand. Incorrect placement can lead to
disharmony in communication.

2. Kinetic co-teks: Kinetic is related to the kinetic motion of humans, namely motion carried out by
humans which includes the movement of the eyes, face (expression), head, hands, feet, and body to
convey the message or meaning to the audience.

3. Proxemic co-teks: Basically the distance between individuals in an oral tradition describes the role
and meaning contained in it. The maintenance of interpersonal distance in oral traditions influences
the interactions that occur between them.

4. Material element Koteks: The use of material elements aims to be more attractive and good, more
sacred, more complete, and more perfect.

c. The Meaning of marriage

Marriage is an agreement between men and women to bind themselves in the form of aqad, so
that their relationship is lawful, with sincerity and without coercion, to live happily together, full of
love, and with marriage will get a blessing from Allah SWT.
 JOURNALS 2

RECONSTRUCTION OF POETIC FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT – TAKING THE ENGLISH

TRANSLATION OF LI QINGZHAO'S “SLOW SLOW SONG” AS AN EXAMPLE

Journals Contents

Li Qingzhao is a representative of the restrained school. In the study of Sinology in the English
world, she is the most outstanding and famous female writer in the history of Chinese literature. Her
works have attracted more attention than male writers and other female writers. Many Chinese and
foreign translators translate her works, which paves the way for the appreciation of the translations.
The theme of her works changed from the joy of her youth to the sadness of later separation, all
reflecting the changes of the times. “Slow Slow Song” was written after the Change of Jingkang
(1125-1127). Li Qingzhao’s country was broken and her husband died. Her works in this period are
no longer as pleasant as they were in those old days, but become gloomy and desolate. “Slow Slow
Song” is one of the typical representative works of this period. The whole poetry is as
follows:Halliday believes that all parts of language have different functions. He also mentions that
context and language are inseparable. Different words have different functions, so they can play a role
in different contexts (Halliday, 1994: 8). Context reconstruction, or re-contextualization, refers to
those language users obtaining the elements and information in the source language context and
reorganizing them in the new context to achieve the purpose of communication.

Research Method

This paper analyzes the transitivity process, register variants, and text genre of the two English
versions of Li Qingzhao’s “Slow Slow Son” (translated by Xu and Lin, respectively) from the three
dimensions of co-text, situational context, and cultural context, focusing on the differences in
language expression between the two versions.

Discussion

Based on the language use characteristics of the two translations, this paper further discusses the
English translation strategies of Song Ci from the three levels of discourse cohesion, meaning
interpretation, and genre selection to provide a reference for the translation practice of Song Ci.
Li Qingzhao lived in a turbulent era. The theme of her works changed from the joy of her youth to
the sadness of later separation, all reflecting the changes of the times. “Slow Slow Song” was written
after the Change of Jingkang (1125-1127). Li Qingzhao’s country was broken and her husband died.
Her works in this period are no longer as pleasant as they were in those old days, but become gloomy
and desolate. “Slow Slow Song” is one of the typical representative works of this period. The whole
poetry is as follows:
“I look for what I miss, / I know not what it is. / I feel so sad, so drear, / So lonely, without cheer. /
How hard is it / To keep me fit / In this lingering cold! / Hardly warmed up / By cup on cup / Of wine
so dry, / Oh, how can I / Endure the drift / Of evening wind so swift? / It breaks my heart, alas! / To
see the wild geese pass / For they are my acquaintances of old. // The ground is covered with yellow
flowers, / Faded and fallen in showers. / Who will pick them up now? / Sitting alone at the window,
how / Could I but quicken / The pace of darkness which won’t thicken? / On the plane leaves a fine
rain drizzles / As twilight grizzles. / Oh, what can I do with a grief / Beyond belief!” (Xu, 2013: 136-
137.

a. Literature Review

Halliday divides context into co-text, situational context, and cultural context. He believes that
co-text is language itself. From the contextual perspective of functional linguistics, the context
reconstruction of the English translation of classics includes three aspects: Reconstruct the text genre
from the cultural context, that is, translate poetry into poetry rather than poetry into prose or novel;
Reconstruct the register variables from the situational context, that is, translate the words in the
original text equally through the three variables of field, tenor and mode, to produce the correct
translation; Reconstruct the coherence of the text from the context to make the translation conform to
the reading habits of English readers (Qiu Yifan, Li Xiuying, 2021). Therefore, I will compare the
translations of Xu Yuanchong and Lin Yutang according to these three levels and analyze how they
reconstruct the functional context from these three levels.

b. A Contrastive Analysis of Li Qingzhao’s English Translation of “Slow Slow Song” from the
Perspective of Functional Context

 Co-Text
Halliday believes that context is embodied by three pure meta-functions, and empirical meta-
function is one of the subsystems. Empirical meta-function refers to the function of language
to talk about the external world (such as events, things, and quality.) and our inner world
(such as thoughts, beliefs, and feelings). Its function is mainly embodied by the transitivity
system, which consists of the transitivity process, participant role, and environmental
component. Compared with the original text, the translations have a lot of transitivity
processes. comparing the original text and the two versions, it is found that the two versions
reflect coherence in different places, such as:

“The wild goose is also sad, but it is an old acquaintance. It breaks my heart, alas / To see
the wild geese pass / For they are my acquaintances of old. I recognize the geese flying
overhead: / my old friends, / bringing not the old memories back!”

The writer of this sentence couldn’t help sighing when she saw wild geese flying by and
recalled the past and old friends. In Xu Yuanchong’s translation, the translator uses “for” to
connect the context, which explains why the poet feels sad about the past when she sees the
wild geese. In Lin’s translation, he also directly pointed out that

“the geese” are “my old friends”, which echoes the context and helps readers better
understand the meaning. “How hard is it / to keep me fit / in this linking cold! The weather, /
now warm, / now cold, makes it harder / that ever to forget!”
 Situational Context
People’s verbal communication is always carried out in a specific context. In short, the field is
“what happened”. The field of the original text is a poem sung with regret after the poet
experienced the tragic situation of the collapse of the country and family in her later years. In
both Xu’s and Lin’s translations, it is a description of the poet’s lament of the time, which is
consistent with the original language field.

 Cultural Context
Each text plays a communicative role in a specific social and cultural context, and people
belonging to a specific cultural background can usually see its communicative purpose.
 JOURNALS 3

CITATION CONTEXT ANALYSIS AS A METHOD FOR CONDUCTING RIGOROUS AND

IMPACTFUL LITERATURE REVIEWS

Journals Content
Global campaigns to end “child marriage”, which is defined as marriage under the age of 18 and
greatly affects girls and young women, has emerged over the last decade. A global partnership, now
including more than 1,000 civil society organizations, was established “to accelerate efforts to prevent
child marriage”; and in 2015 the Sustainable Development Goals pledged to “eliminate all harmful
practices, such as child, early and forced marriage”. South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where it is
currently estimated that 50% and 40% of girls are married under the age of 18 respectively.
Quotations 1 Humanitarian concerns are based on the view that young brides lack the autonomy and
consent to marry, and that early marriage triggers a range of harmful consequences, including health
risks to early pregnancy, lower educational attainment, poor mental health, restricted economic
opportunities, and increased risk of intimate partner violence.

Research Method

1. Study site

One semi-urban village and one rural. The villages were chosen to capture the extremes of the
local rural-urban gradient because views on the timing of marriage can vary with urbanization, and
exposure is related to different ideas and opportunities.

2. Focus group discussions

To understand views around marriage, we conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs)
organized around three main questions: how do people get married; why people get married; when do
people get married? While the discussion is allowed to flow.

3. Surveys

The survey records women's marriage history, and their views on marriage.

4. Data Analysis

Using the FGD structure (consisting of three research questions) as a starting point, ideas and
concepts are drawn from the data to develop categories and themes; citations indexed and sorted
manually.

Discussion and Results

 In this context, if a daughter marries early, the parents assume that the child will get a high
dowry and a guaranteed future sooner. In such cases, these minors will use their marriage as a way to
"announce" their adulthood. In this way, maturity can also be a consequence of marriage, not a cause.
But in fact, with this early marriage, it actually brings misery. It is important to recognize the fact that
early marriage is attractive to young people in some contexts, while in other contexts marriage can
indeed violate women's autonomy regardless of their age. Myopic focus on the arbitrary threshold of
18 years divides as if the harm from harmless marriage, and the childhood innocence of adult
responsibility can lead to lost opportunities to support girls and women regardless of their marital
status. Therefore, we advocate for more nuance, and a culturally sensitive perspective in future policy
and academic discourse on early marriage.

CONCLUSION
 By using context analysis this research provides a deep understanding of the topic being
discussed. Through context analysis, relevant aspects and factors have been identified and well
understood. The information collected and analyzed has provided better insight and knowledge on the
topic. In conclusion, context analysis helps in understanding the context surrounding the topic,
highlights relevant issues, and provides a basis for further discussion. Context analysis also helps in
identifying trends, patterns and relationships that may exist between various variables. Thus,
conclusions from context analysis are important for the development of a comprehensive
understanding and accurate information about the topic under study.