SYLLABUS Mechatronics - ME8791 UNIT I Introduction Introduction to Mechatronics - Systems - Concepts of Mechatronics approach - Need for Mechatronics - Emerging areas of Mechatronics - Classification of Mechatronics, Sensors and Transducers : Static and dynamic Characteristics of Sensor, Potentiometers - LVDT - Capacitance sensors - Strain gauges - Eddy current sensor - Hall effect sensor - Temperature sensors - Light sensors. (Chapter - 1) UNITII Microprocessor and Microcontroller Introduction - Architecture of 8085 - Pin Configuration - Addressing Modes - Instruction set, Timing diagram of 8085 - Concepts of 8051 microcontroller - Block diagram. (Chapter - 2) UNIT II] Programmable Peripheral Interface Introduction - Architecture of 8255, Keyboard interfacing, LED display - interfacing, ADC and DAC interface, Temperature Control - Stepper Motor Control - Traffic Control interface. (Chapter - 3) UNITIV Programmable Logic Controller Introduction - Basic structure - Input and output processing - Programming - Mnemonics Timers, counters and internal relays - Data handling - Selection of PLC. (Chapter - 4) UNIT V Actuators and Mechatronic System Design Types of Stepper and Servo motors - Construction - Working Principle - Advantages and Disadvantages. Design process - stages of design process - Traditional and Mechatronics design concepts - Case studies of Mechatronics systems - Pick and place Robot - Engine Management system - Automatic car park barrier. (Chapter - 5) ryTABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter - 1 Introduction (1 - 1) to (1 - 78) 1.1 Introduction to Mechatronics Systems. 1-2 1.1.1 Definitions of Mechatronics 1-2 1.1.2 Scope and Importance of Mechatronics ...........000ssceeeeeeeeeee eens 1-2 1.2 System .. 1.2.1 Buiding Block Mechatronics System. ..... 0.000.000 000cceeeeeeeeeeee eee 1-4 1.2.2 Measurement System 1-5 1.2.3 Functional Elements of Measurement System .......6..0.0e0000eeeeeeeee 1-6 1.2.4 Characteristics of Measurement System 1-7 1.2.4.1 Static Characteristics of Sensors 1-8 1.2.4.2 Dynamic Characteristics of Sensors 1-15 1.2.4.3 Comparison of Static and Dynamic Characteristics 1-16 1.2.5 Response Of SYSteM.........ec ces eee ee eee eeeee eee eeeeee een eneeeee 1-16 125.1 RiseTime .. 2... . . . . 1-16 1.2.5.2Time Constant... . . . . . . 1-16 1.2.5.3 Settling Time 1.3 Mechatronics Approach 1.4 Need for Mechatronics. 1.5 Emerging Areas of Mechatronics. 1.6 Classification of Mechatronics... wove . . . . 1-20 1.7 Sensors and Transducers..... 1.7.1 Sensors... 1.7.2 Classification of Sensors . 1-20 1.7.3 Transducers 1-21 1.7.3.1 Classification of Transducers 1-22 1.7.3.2 Comparison of Active and Passive Transducers 1-23 1.8 Displacement and Position Sensors... oO1.9 Potentiometer ... 1.9.1 Linear Potentiometer ...........0.0.000008 1.9.2 Rotary Potentiometer ...........eeeeee eee 1.10 LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) .. 1.10.1 Transfer Characteristics of LVDT 1.10.2 Typical Specification of LVDT 1.10.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of LVDT ............. 1.10.4 Applications of LVDT 0.0.0.0 ec eeeeeeeeee 1.11 RVDT ( Rotary Variable Differential Transformer) . 1.12 Capacitive Sensor 1.12.1 Advantages of Capacitive Sensor 1-41 1.12.2 Applications of Capacitive Sensor ............cece0eseeeeeees 1.13 Strain Gauge . 1.13.1 Strain Gauge Working Principle 1-44 1.13.2 Types of Strain Gauges 1-44 1.13.2.1 Mechanical Strain Gauges 1-45 1.13.2.2 Optical Strain Gauges 1-45 1.13.2.3 Electrical Strain Gauges 1-46 1.13.3 Theory Strain Gauge....... 6.6 .eee seen 1-46 1.13.4 Resistance/ Wire Strain Gauge 1-48 1.13.4.1 Bonded Strain Gauge 1-48 1.13.4.2 Unbonded Strain Gauge 1-48 1.13.4.3 Foil Strain Gauge 1-48 1.13.5 Temperature Compensation 1-49 1.14 Eddy Current Sensor... 1.14.1 Advantages of Eddy Current Sensor...........0000eeeeeeeeee 1-51 1.14.2 Disadvantages of Eddy Current Sensor 1-51 1.14.3 Applications of Eddy Current Sensors .........000seeeee eens 1-51 1.15 Hall Effect Sensor... 1.15.1 Advantages of Hall Effect Sensors............0cec0eeeeeeeu este ences 1-53 wi)1.15.2 Disadvantages of Hall Effect Sensors 1.15.3 Applications of Hall Effect Sensors 1.16 Temperature Sensors . L1G. Temperature 0.0... cece eects ee cece ee tees e neces e ee eneeeee 1.16.2 Thermocouples 1.16.3 Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD)...........0000ee000+ 1-56 1,16.3.1 Advantages of RTD : : : : ce 1657 1,16.3.2 Disadvantages of RTD. . : : : ce 1657 1,16.3.3 Applications of RTD... : : : cee 157 1.16.4 Thermistors 1-58 1.16.4.1 Advantages of Thermistors : : : : 2 1-59 1,16.4.2 Disadvantages of Thermistors . . : : : 2 1-59 1.16.4.3 Applications of Thermistors 1.16.5 Bimetallic Strips 1.17 Comparision of Thermocouple, RTD and Thermistor.. 1.18 Light Sensor ... 1.18.1 Photoresistor. 1-63 1.18.1.1 Advantages 1-63 1.18.1.2 Drawbacks 1-64 1.18.2 Photodiode... 0... .0cc cece eeeeeeeee nese eete vette este eeten ees 1-64 1.18.3 Phototransistor ............05 ce deteeeteveeteeeteeeeen eee 1-64 1.19 Selection Criteria for Sensor Review Questions ........--00000 Two Marks Questions with Answers 1.20 University Questions with Answers...... Chapter-2 8085 Microprocessor and 8051 Microcontroller (2 - 1) to (2-54) 2.1 Introduction to 8085 Microprocessor 2-2 2.1.1 Salient Features of 8085 Microprocessor ............00eeeeeeeeeeeeees 2-2 2.2 Internal Architecture of 8085 wi2.2.1 8085 Bus Structure 2.3 Pin Diagram and Pin Description of 8085 ..... 2.4 8085 Addressing Modes .... 2.5 Instruction Set of 8085 2.5.1 Classification of Instruction Set ....... 06... 00es0ceee eee eeseeeeev eee 2712 2.6 Timing Diagram of 8085 2-23 2.6.1 Machine cycles of 8085.......... 062.0000 2-24 2.6.2 Timing Diagram for STA 526AH 2-27 2.6.3 Timing Diagram for INR... 0... .0ec0eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee nese ness 2928 2.6.4 Timing Diagram for MV B, 43H. 2-29 2.6.5 Timing Diagram for MOV A,B . 2-30 2.7 8051 Microcontroller... 2 TA Imtroduction 6... ccceveecce ee eeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesesees2=32 2.7.2 Microprocessors & Microcontrollers 2-33 2.7.2.1 Microprocessor... 2. : : cee BBB 2.7.2.2 Microcontroller. ©... : : ee BBM 2.7.3 Distinguish between Microprocessor and Microcontroller 2-34 2.7.4 Feature of 8051 Microcontroller.......0.0.ccc eee ceeeee ee eeeeeee eee 235 2.8 Architecture & Block Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller... 2.9 PIN Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller... 2.10 Addressing Modes of 8051... 2.11 Applications of 8051 Microcontroller... Review Questions. Two Marks Questions with Answers 2-51 2.12 University Questions with Answers... Chapter-3 Programmable Peripheral Interface (3-1) to (3 - 62) 3.1 Features of 8255 . 13-2 3.2 Block Diagram of 8255...... 3-2 wai)3.3 Pin Diagram of 8255 ....... 3.4 Modes of Operation of 8255... 3.5 Keyboard Interfacing ...... 3.5.1 Key Debounce 3.6 Display Interfacing .. 3.6.1 Seven Segment LEDS ......... 0.000 ee cece c cece eee eeeeee ee eeeeee es Bed2 3.6.2 Interfacing LED Display ©0002... 00seeeceseeeeeeeeseeeeeeseeeseee es 3243 3.7 ADC Interface... 3 3.7.1 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) 3-17 BT.2FOARUTeS eee e cece eee eee eeeee eee 3-18 3.7.3 Pin Diagram 3-18 3.7.4 Operation........... 3-18 3.7.5 Interfacing 3-21 3.8 DAC... 3 3.8.1 Types Of DACS. 0.0... cece cee ee ee eeeeee eee teeeee ee eeeteee nn eneses 3 = 26 3.8.2 Weighted Resistor Type DAC 3-26 3.8.3 R-2R Ladder Type DAC. ....... ceveeeeeee cee eeeeeee 3-27 3.8.4 Features of DACOBOO......... 0... 0eeeee eee e cece eee eeeeee ee eeeeee se B2 2B 3.8.5 Pin Diagram of DAC 0800 3-28 3.8.6 Interfacing of DACO800 With 8086: 00.2... 6... ceeeeeveeeeee ee eeeee ee 3229 3.9 Temperature control Interfacing... 3.10 Stepper Motor Interfacing, 3.11 Traffic Control Interface .... 3.12 Servo Motor Interfacing with 8051 Microcontroller... 3.12.1 Interfacing of Servo Motor to 8051 Microcontroller (AT89S52)...........3-42 Review Questions . ‘Two Marks Question with Answers ... 3.13 University Questions with Answers rs)Chapter-4 Programmable Logic Controller (4-1) to (4-74) 4.1 Relay Logic 4-2 4.2 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).. 4-2 4.2.1 Features of PLC 4-2 4.3 Basic Components of PLC..... 4-3 4.4 Basic Structure or (Internal Architecture) of a PLC System..... A-5 4.5 PLC Operating Cycle... 4-8 4.6 Specification of PLC 4.7 Advantages of PLC over The Relay System... 4.8 Disadvantages of PLC.....rr 4.9 Application of PLC .. 4.10 Input Channel of PLC ........- 4.11 Output Channel of PLC 4.12 Ladder Diagram .. 4.12.1 Elements of Ladder Diagram 4-15 4,13 PLC Ladder Programming .... 4.13.1 Symbols used in Ladder Diagram .........0...05+ veces = 16 4.14 Selection Criteria of PLC........ 4.15 PLC Programming ..... 4.15.1 Structure of Rung 4-20 4.15.2 Logic Functions ....... 006. 0eee cece ee eeee este eeee este eeeeeeeeeee 4-20 4.15.3 Latching. ceveee ee ve dete cette eeteeeteneeenees 4-25 AASATIMELS.. ooo eevee eee eect eee e eee eeet eset es eee ners eeere eG 226 AAS.5 Counters... 0.0.0 ce eee e eee eeeeeeceeeeeu este eeeeeeeseeeteeeeees 4931 4.15.6 Mnemonics used in PLC...... . ceeet nets eee cecet reese 4°36 4.15.7 Internal Relay... 02.00... c cece cece eeeeu cece eeteeeeseeeteveeeeees 4°37 4.16 Data Handling .... 4.17 Master and Jump Controls. ©)4.17.1 Master Control Relay (MCR) .... ce teeeeeeee cece Gad 4.17.2 Jump Programming Instruction... 4-42 4.18 PLCs Vs Computer... 4-46 Practical Examples for Ladder Programming... Review Questions . Two Marks Questions with Answers 4-61 4.19 University Questions with Answers... 4-68 Chapter-5 Actuators and Mechatronics System Design (5 - 1) to (5 - 38) 5.1 Actuators ..... 252 5.2 Classification of Actuators . 5.3 Stepper Motor ... 5.3.1 Varibale- Reluctance (VR) Stepper Motor 5-3 5.3.2 Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor .........00cece00ssseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 5-4 5.3.3 Hybrid Stepper Motor..........00....00eeeeeee eee cee 525 5.3.4 Advantages of Stepper Motor 5-5 5.3.5 Disadvantages of Stepper Motor ..........00cees00eceeeeeeeeeeeee eens 5°6 5.3.6 Stepper Motor Specification...... 5-6 5.3.7 Application of Stepper Motor...........006ccceeeeveeeeeeeeeeeeeee ees 5-7 5.4 Servo Motor... 5.4.1 Types of Servo Motors. 0.0... 006ccee eee eee eee eee ee ee eeeee eee 5B 5.4.2 Application of Servo Motors 5-13 5.4.3 Difference between the DC and AC Servo Motors ...........2.0000ceeee 5-14 5.4.4 Comparison of Stepper and Servomotor....... . 5-15 5.5 Stages in Designing Mechatronics Systems... 5.6 Traditional and Mechatronics Designs ..... 5-17 5.6.1 Comparison between Traditional and Mechatronics Design ........ 5-18 5.7 Case Studies of Mechatronics System...... 25-18 5.7.1 Case Study 1 : Pick and Place Robot 5-18 o)5.7.2 Case Study 2 : Engine Management System[EMS] . .. ce eeeeeee 5220 5.7.3 Case Study 3 : Automatic Car Park System... 0.0.0.0 0 0eeeeeeeeeeeeee 5-23 5.8 Control of Escalators.......... 5.8.1 Safety Tips for Escalator Riders... .......c.00cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5-27 5.8.2 Sensors used in Escalators...... ce eeteeeeeee covet eeeee 5-28 Review Questions Two Marks Questions with Answers.. 5.9 University Questions with Answers. Solved Question Paper of Anna University (S - 1) to (S - 14) May - 2017.. (8 = 1) to (S- 2) AS - 3) to (S- 4) .(S-5) to (S- 6) December - 2017.....ssccsssseesssneessnneessnneessneesssn May - 2018.. December - 2018. (8 - 7) to (S- 8) May - 2019 ...essesssssessessesersssssssssssssssssssssssesessesscseeeceeseeceeceeceeceeceecesceeceeeee(S = 9) to (S - 10) December - 2019 .... ..(S- 11) to (S- 14) a)