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Motion in a straight-line class 11
formulas
• Distance - The total length that is travelled between different positions.
• Displacement - Distance between two points in a particular direction.
– Formula :- = −
– → Displacement
– → final position
– → initial position
• Speed - the total distance covered divided by the time taken to cover that
distance.
Total Distance Covered
– Formula :- Speed = Time Taken
– Unit - /
, /ℎ
or ℎ(mile per hour)
– Dimensions -
• Velocity - the displacement divided by the time it takes for the displacement
!"#$%&%'(
– Formula :- = )&%
– Unit - /
, /ℎ
or ℎ(mile per hour)
– Dimensions -
• Average Speed - the total distance covered divided by the time taken to
cover that distance
Total Distance Covered *+
– Formula :- Average Speed = =
Time Taken *(
– Body covering different distances with different speeds
/ / /.... . / 0 / 1 /....
• ,‾ = (. /(0/(1/.... = 3. 30 31
. 0 1 / / /.....
4. 40 41
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– If the body covers first half of the total distance with speed , and
second half with the speed ,5 , then the average speed is given by
56. 60
• ,‾ =
6. /60
• In this case average speed is harmonic mean of individual
speeds.
– Body is moving with different speeds in different time intervals then
Total distance travelled = , + ,5 5 + ,8 8 +. . ..
Total time taken = + 5 + 8 +. . ..
6. (. /60 (0 /61 (1 /....
• ,‾ =
(. /(0 /(1 /....
– If = 5 = 8 =. . . . = ' = then,
96. /60 /61 /....:( 96. /60 /61 /....:
• ,‾ = =
'( '
– In this case average speed is arithmetic mean of the individual speeds.
• Average Velocity - the total displacement covered divided by the time taken
for that displacement
Displacement *+⃗
– Formula :- Average Velocity = Time Taken
, ,‾ = *(
– Finding position from velocity - = + ,‾
• Instantaneous Velocity - defined as velocity of an object at a particular
instant of time.
>+9(:
– Formula :- ,9 : =
>(
• Instantaneous Speed - defined as speed of an object at a particular instant
of time. It is absolute value of instantaneous velocity.
– Formula :- Instantaneous speed = |,9 :|
• Acceleration - The rate of change of velocity is called acceleration.
A⃗
*6 6B 6C
– Formula :- @ = =
*( (B (C
• Instantaneous acceleration - acceleration of a particle at a particular
instant of time
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*6 >6
– Formula :- @ = lim*→ *( =
>(
• Equations of motion with constant acceleration
– First Equation of motion - finding velocity from acceleration –
• , = , + @
– Second Equation of motion - finding position from velocity and
acceleration –
• = + , + @ 5
5
– Third Equation of motion - finding velocity from distance and
acceleration –
• , 5 = ,5 + 2@9 − :
– Equation for finding distance travelled in H(I second of object's journey
–
• J' = K + @ LH − 5M
• Motion under gravity
– Equations of motion for freely falling body
• , = K + N
•
= K + 5 N 5
• , 5 − K5 = 2N
– For body falling freely under the action of gravity, N is taken as
positive.
– For body thrown vertically upwards, N is taken as negative.
– When the body is just dropped, K = 0
– For a body thrown vertically up with initial velocity K
P0
– Maximum height reached is, ℎ = 5Q
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P
– time of ascent = time of descent =
Q
5P
– total time of flight =
Q
– velocity of fall at point of projection = K
– velocity attained by a body dropped from height ℎ, , = R2Nℎ
• Relative Velocity
– Relative velocity of object S w.r.t. object T is, ,UV = ,U − ,V
– When two objects are moving in the same direction, ,UV = ,U − ,V
– When two objects are moving in opposite direction, ,UV = ,U + ,V
– When ,U and V are inclined to each other at an angle W
• ,⃗UV = R,U5 + ,V5 − 2,U ,V cosW
– If ,UV makes an angle [ with ,U , then
6_ `abc
• tan[ = 6
d 6_ ef`c
This document is prepared by physicscatalyst.com and is for your personal and
non-commercial use only.
