Cost: het ne Go a @ group ard WH be 0 i: re st a e any clement iy , the Se = ve é 4 tof Gr yh 4 Ha, Called aight — Coseh YH detained by a and the Sat ah < = {ah} hen? 4 Called a ebb Cost ad determined by oan Reenter ~3,-2,-1) OF 42, Sra baa peep ef integess Unde addition ered Ne ; iC OOS § be Ihe Siby rap Of obtained on ay aUiplying cach clement of Giky 3. Sine Gig an abelian groub der addition therefore ary ght Cost af H ink js equal dothe Cortes hording elt Coset af H in Gy, The gahs Cosets oH inG ax as under; OE, ord So Hr. = fens 9-6)-3) 0/3 6,9)--» 4 1€G and so HH = foo -8,-5/-2, 1, 47, fo, - 2€G~ and ‘so H92 = de Hw /2Pe, ges | eSIRASC! Cr tach aceat 14-3 { 7 Sp Ore ie Loam <= , es YEG and Soo Hty = 4. Sa idl 5G and do YS f= F ciaiel m 5 a> ~~? 6=H, Ht = UA & Thuy we have only 4 hae SS ObViousli a & =H eChs) 0 Exomble 2, Ne know that 2% ie te ot, PEPEThe Cosd 22 +0 4 jQa 4d BH) 22740 -2 Meera egy Ont Wa axet sUke Coset of 22 +2 dens oul lobe 27, Sine 2242 q py 2) 0, 2, 4,6, bet lo fhe ip “2D th thsely a set Combining thr Kubavorf Leb one of ti giver Uh Le Gabayrcad ‘ tT Dun azHiS Th aight c az+ = 1 Ta tes ong, The ugh Coset ¢ 2243: So 22+) Sitmi lata 2245 ais gee i i Ceili ohare Sie nfmbortast hoted »is,1hnd —jhaaailll fr wong, eiytaend wa Mote! Ty no add es of Ubi an element 4.22 element of 2Z+m is of lhe = 2 (Start) pNeteh & odd adleyt me odd number 7 na cee of Ike Sed by og VV EY AE EhTheorem 1% TpHaia Subgroup of a Grouh Gand oy bem jhen UW Hast iy oeH @ anew Hyaaen wd Rist Sub pose ft Hash. Leno provelhad act, uHoba Subgyeub ob G Were fore | fdentity lemat CEH, e€a€Ha saeua 3 aew Cie Ha cH is given” d TJ Haz hon eH Convessdy , Ja EH. ie now prove thed Ha <4 d kek ela . Thy imblies thed 1=ha, fav Some hel Mou, haehs hae (ve Hoa Cubgrorpey 6] > ‘eu Ther 4e Has “eH TT gna | pe eee Now, Ja& rey Then x, 06H > xoleH Cu He 4 Sebgenp of 6) J ~ (xa')a € Ha =) x(a'a) € Ha 2) Pye eh =). xe Ha Tw *XéH =) xe Ha hom eqs © Ha.=4 Fat’ Supe ‘dhel aH 2 6 Subyou) J G, 4 Qe CAH, > 2023/7/8 12:16Conversely y ket aeu, eee Lig ahen ahah > weH Thy xeay > vey Bed » ala'y) cay > (aay cay > aa) > ex ay X€aH =F > XYOH oye aY au =H, Date! 07/06)2023 Theo vem 2: Ty His a Sub, rou W Ha =Hb iff able} ( aH = bH iffalben of: inst Susbpase that ab'eh. Si dement eeH. Now + ech 3 eaeHa =» aeha “GQ CHb Ty aah, the vey ht cllmicy de 2023/7/8 12:16PE Oh by doris HOH) wy al metab dab ay! Wigs Cie » ae) Abe 1 nica Belete ae he 1 ag > ab ehew 1 Covvettcly, bed ibe, Ho s . j Chel by eh ab eH 4 \ a'b why Joe ty it Wa ebb Lhen Souhen J Comvenely, Let ab! @ tl. Le wou 1 = afath) eal frove thal tas Hk ' = (aa'), © al abel = ol! |b: dy some he | ¢ at > ab!) b> kb Jak . 1c bt te ah) no teh) i ack Wh Llp A (Wu) ms Ota bid ow abl a] > a ht ! (hen = hau) Sa Oo = HChb) 1 Chey Hef © Hy \Aher a ) Ha = (ihyb 1 ay abhi Wb Che Hh =i), | Theoverng ; Avy tue rgd ‘ cose of a Sub groeh Or either disjoint ov ) 3 Ha BT tha it abl eu thon Ha = 1b ayer ay secu ppose {leat ab = bh she | abee b.. Si mon -frove that Cubareup eG, tloere fee folerment ect Now, @¢H ' be @bH my b ebu 3 be abo (s ah=b > beahy fo core | 2D oath = a'(ah) 9 ab = (aah no b= eb PEPE mealpein ea | Theorem mi Ty Ho Sobposp Han bb¢g athe exist 1 ol Fetckd Gyan Mae Vis onebone Corrashordance be | any bio oF vials Cosel fH im 1 ey 4 adteait one cE HANH LE > x EH prd XE ha =hb > hia) = bi'Chb) 3 (hithija =Chi7hyb 4 ea =(hi' hdd Bane Ole (hi bu) | 2 Q = hb thee he bit = Honlb-# fue 14° Han Hb #¢, 7 Ha =Yb YVR) enapor Yrrolsep pb nabs my (9) 977 3) “ho (9) 1 Suara, note Ee ay ¢v0c 90] i og“ypoak P pp At fo ump vB h qronb 2 fo pepe 49 fo rsprg “24 (9)9 @Q Pa mO4s we 996" pu qroB aif v oq 5 D Sez) [bo =: Peg“P= Wb wy veypnG ap aL Voom MPs 1 ewoeloefci= Peg Bs A) Coe ai pe vay ike HM fg 92H | ashe js 4) yao) ‘ € 4 ¢ € © + Cs e e ee “TSU pun ou man ap B a Bosmp mee hb pret peo et ao pee b po! boomy. 240d = iy fo Rayaaps / 240 peat pHs oral pens © sy eet Spdtupt yeqpo aim ‘ are mat] mp {up ra bo8 po y pro ra] fo qnok Peng WOR Corsa) 2 SA ey £ FaePanes Theorem : Ij wy O pesitive irdeger anf On itlger' Relatively Prime tom, -then V (modm) ive Qeiu Q @uley function, W divider POT ,bthee gi thedivisey. of 4 Med. Fy wleqors Z ae a { Sor ar)fo qolanp ° e ar ¢ s i28 Q 3 & ea eS E 2023/7/8 12:18Gf omt ts Gr again a aight Coset ef 1 be Theater 2 | t i ° norma) eave 2 |) Stabg rosefs N Of 0 Cyrouh Gr of mayen Subgroub of Gr (44 dhe freduch o tuo aig ld Cond! § J tho ny Coraly 2023/7/8 12:182023/7/8 12:18eat ms iene Examble Tq Gute adldrtive “yeh q equ And Yo bth Scbarwep fr obtained > on Pouldiblatey b dhe dlemek of G by 5) he tie bane LETTE Psa heHomomorphigm i- Let (Grey ad , (ya) be hoo gresbe- Then 0 mabbin (or —>(6n,%) “1 Caled Sh malin oe ) a (on t(aeb) = 4lay f(b) - Jensen) = FIN = fosifems . Note :@A Hom omc hic Jib Gy $s Caled) ehimes bhism iy SNe Ato. Tsoworphism ®Monomorphism > A | 7 Monomorbhysm fombenoi srs Rea eeten is One-~cme, CGiNat a2) Conse Reemetee groups. (el rl Groep Tsomodha keke)" Kex(}) ignge 2023/7/8 12:19Cen!) ¥ ae « j JaSass (to Let-m be @ positive Intoger J () = C4ycaJ, Wi a indegen Theovem 9, Ty J's a home into a grep Gi! then | of Gr, = 2023/7/8 12:1Sem ie es is tthenfore ee ke 4 Fe be a acess Ind. So ‘key. re : ~ Hy Sibid go : ee plow ne tere Sit avenie | ecua real ee F(ab) = fea) $C seme repr “Ges! v ven) gag) eker4 gaale k V ge G eS Ckerx-t J°8 r¥9EG asd a Chev key 4 A namal gubnoup af Gr, © HY the mab 4 hom a groub Gr tert tlself defied iby JO =e V vem fs homomorphism then Show that Gu an abelian group co’ cho Sebi het YE Gy. Then § Q Grou’) Nou, Hop: = dog iphisr) > %y) al 3 etaes| 3 Lyte)! aad a = = 2S > > > > »Dak | 20]05]203 HT Pundametad -jheorem Gf Garou Homemerplismn Stolemed? T4 J a bomomephicm of grouh By enebo Sy Rail kev : — 2023/7/8 12:19 -«Setted\4 Thesgery nen! ' | TSemorbhi sen a Slalerent : Let Hand k be 5 hernamerphemi)! | do Sulgroabs of o quafin, | Whee HG noma) in tn, Th be = be buy” >G, Is onto : 2023/7/8 12:19Urhave Ene ohne pStnce Re kev} o 2. Tae got, er feetiak Thy Giv® Reef eHnk 4 d ~y ee ty Hhewrern. ¥# Tht Theorem ae ST} Hard’ k * ote Bets, 1 theyGis Horpmsrbhtin | H(HaHe) = gf ttabd ' Os ae Kab =Karkb } k/u $CHa-He) = (Ha). fH)! e cy ss ‘ Me = a » gh tr Homomerbhism. 1® Let a€6y ; tho. mabbig | © defined by fen = vlna 1 LEG DG Om Tsomorbhismm of G be : 1 Qs Bove that Ong Injivite clic group u Icernorphic te s onte | Fe group af tetsgeu Unde | addition. t ~ Sey 4 ty mete ) Leb nym €G be 1 ‘Buds trad $o) = FOr. 1 The, fon) = font alae adin i 2 Cnr aED2 oem L =e tee! ides tity + a. enirg ec lemend Gt > m=m elie). > =m Vim. 44 Ax tsomo bbs Ob 4 youd. Hone Qs Shows that a Cel) —— . : oy © Group of Odoan i omopce > GOP A. Pevidue clases under ymulbi lien vrdudly <1 nn, eos pe ae e—— e— e—* + _— : — o— es * : a iS x 1 a ; ‘ . ben ee i. . =