Introduction to

Data Centers
Dr. Cahyo Darujati, ST., MT.
 Dr. Cahyo Darujati, ST., MT
Cahyod is an IT Security Consultant at PT. RADNET DIGITAL
INDONESIA and Lecturer at Computer System Department,
Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Narotama. Also,
Leader at OWASP Chapter Surabaya.
https://www.cahyo.web.id/
 What is a data center?

Houses computer systems Provides connectivity Controls environment

Contains servers, storage systems, Provides network and internet connectivity for Maintains stable temperature, humidity,
networking equipment, etc. organizations power for equipment

Data centers are complex facilities that form the foundation of the digital world.
 History of data centers

2000s
1960s High density
Mainframe computers computing with racks
stored in dedicated of servers and
computer rooms with redundant power
raised floors for cabling. supplies.

1990s 2010s
Rise of server farms Growth of hyperscale
hosting websites and data centers like AWS,
early ecommerce Google, Facebook with
applications. global footprint.
“"The data center is the heart of
the enterprise." - Unknown”
UNKNOWN
 Types of data centers

Enterprise data centers Colocation data centers Wholesale data centers Hyperscale data centers
These are on-premises data These are multi-tenant data These are similar to colocation These are massive data centers
centers owned by enterprises to centers where space, power, data centers but provide bulk built by companies like Facebook,
host their IT infrastructure. cooling is leased to enterprises space and power to very few Google, Microsoft to host their
who can host their own gear. large tenants. own infrastructure.

There are mainly 4 types of data centers providing infrastructure for different needs.
 RADNEXT Data Centers
RADNEXT Data Centers is a leading provider of wholesale
and multi-tenant data centers.
 Data center photos

Servers in racks Network switches Backup batteries

 Key data center metrics

Metric Value

PUE 1.5

MTBF 3650 hours

*Data sourced from ACME Data Centers whitepaper

Major data center operators
 Data center design process

IT infrastructure Commissioning
Site selection Building design Construction
design and testing

Evaluate location Work with architects on Design the IT systems Manage construction Test all systems for
options based on needs building layout, like servers, storage, process, coordinate proper operations, make
like power availability, materials, and features networking gear and vendors, ensure adjustments, verify
network connectivity, to support IT cooling based on timelines are met. redundancy.
climate, and physical infrastructure. capacity needs.
security.
 Data center infrastructure

• Power infrastructure • Fire suppression

Includes backup power supplies, generators, UPS Includes fire detection and suppression systems like gas,
systems, PDUs, and redundancy to prevent downtime. water sprinklers to prevent fires.

• Cooling infrastructure • Monitoring and security

Includes chillers, computer room air conditioning Includes CCTV cameras, access control systems, and
(CRAC) units, hot aisle/cold aisle layout, and monitoring environmental monitoring of temperature, humidity,
systems. leaks, vibrations.

• Racks and cabling

Includes server racks, network racks, cable trays, and
structured cabling for network and power.
 On-prem vs Colo

200
150
100
75
50
Power Cooling Network Security Staffing
 Modular data centers
Modular data centers allow companies to grow capacity in a flexible manner
and deliver data centers faster than traditional approaches. Modules can be
deployed in months rather than years, and new capacity can be added
incrementally as needed. This allows companies to align data center growth
with business demands.