IPC
Law is the common opinion of common people of a time. Law is the aggregation of
rules and regulations framed or adopted to govern any individual, group, society,
organization, etc.
The law can be divided into two parts:
1. Codified
2. Uncodified
All laws passed by any authority and available in the form of an act are known as
codified laws. All laws (all conduct) accepted by the common people as part of their
life based on customs and traditions are known as uncodified laws.
10/08/2023
Territorial: all laws applicable to everyone without discriminating the religion, caste,
sex or even the nationality on a territory
Personal: the laws that are applicable on a particular community or religion are
termed as personal laws. They need to abide by the laws even beyond the Indian
territories.
Civil laws: all the laws that provide the provision of remedy as compensation are
known as civil laws.
Criminal laws: where apart from the compensation punishment needs to be given to
set an example for the society are called criminal laws.
Substantive law: all the laws that provide the rights and duties or what to do and
what not to do.
Procedural law: The law that defines a mechanism to enjoy the rights defined under
substantive law is called procedural law.
12/08/23
Crime is an act or omission of an act prohibited and punishable by:
1. By social
2. By moral
3. By religious
4. Legal
when the people started living in a group or association they felt a need of rules and
regulations to govern the social behaviour and for this purpose they approved certain
behaviour and also disapproved certain conducts. The disapproved conducts were
considered as wrong. Out of all wrongs certain wrongs attract the provision of social,
moral or religious text while certain wrongs attract the provision of legal law. under
this legal law the wrongs are again classified in two parts:
1. Against which compensation needs to be paid is termed as civil crime or civil
wrong.
2. Against which punishment needs to be given are termed as criminal wrong.
Nature of criminal activity:
1. The activity must be a wrong against the large number of people of the society.
2. The activity should always be in rain and not in personam and the step against
the wrong should be taken by the state or the government.
3. Such wrong should always be punishable by law (legal).
4. There should be a particular process to punish the person
Principles of the criminal law:
1. Accused will be innocent until proven guilty means framing a charge against him
does not prove him as guilty of the offence. The charge framed is only the
allegation against him.
2. The burden or responsibility to prove the guilt is on the prosecution.
3. Accused has a right to be silent unless he is specifically asked to answer.
4. Double jeopardy
