Chapter 5.
TORSION
I. INTRODUCTION
Study stress and strain in
CIRCULAR RODS:
AXLES
PROPELLER SHAFTS
TORSION PENDULUM
FIBERS IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS
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II. TORSIONAL SHEARING STRAIN AND STRESS
- ANGLE OF TWIST
II. TORSIONAL SHEARING STRAIN AND STRESS
Shear strain
For a uniform rod
where
Between ends
then
– Radius
Shear stress
G- Shear modulus
Then
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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
Radius
Thickness
Area
Shear stress on the area
produces a shear force
And moment
III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
But Then
Summing over all area gives
or
or Polar moment of inertia
Then
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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
Polar moment of inertia for circular rod
Maximum shear stress on surface of the rod
III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
EX 5.1
Find L when:
max = 10,500 psi
= 3o
G = 11.5 x 106 psi
L = 3.58”
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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
Ex 5.2
B C
A
Steel has G = 80 GPa
Calculate max in the shaft, and the angle of twist
III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
Solution
By considering a FBD of each section of the shaft and equilibrium at each
join, we have
For C: M = 0 T1 = 800 Nm
For B: M = 0 T2 = 2800 Nm
For A: M = 0 T2 = 5800 Nm
Đoạn C
Đoạn B
Đoạn A
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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
Angle of twist
For A
For B
For C
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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
Total rotation = A + B + C = 2.44o
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Ti Li
Notice that the total rotation
1 Gi J i
For continuous shape change
For a beam a rod which changes shape in a continuous
manner
T = T(x)
J = J(x) L
T ( x)
Which depends on position dx
0
GJ ( x)
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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
For hollow circular bars
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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
Ex 5.3
Do = 100 mm
Di = 86 mm
Alluminium shaft L = 2.4 m
G = 28 GPa
allow = 50 MPa
1) Find for maximum T!
2) What diameter solid shaft causes the same torque T for the
same maximum stress
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III. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN and T
Solution
1) for maximum T
TR out allow J 50 10 6
max allow
J T
100 4 86 4 10 12
R 50 10 3 32
T = 4.447 KNm
TL allow L 50 10 6 2.4
0.086Rad 4.91o
GJ GR 28 109 50 10 3
2) Diameter solid shaft causes the same torque T for the same maximum stress
TR TR T
max allow
J 4
R R3
2 2
1/ 3 1/ 3
2T 2 4.447 10 3
R 6
0.38m
allow 50 10
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III. PURE SHEAR AND STRESSES ON OBLIQUE PLANE
Summing in the direction of
Summing in the direction of
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III. PURE SHEAR AND STRESSES ON OBLIQUE PLANE
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III. PURE SHEAR AND STRESSES ON OBLIQUE PLANE
Mohr’s circle diagram for torsion
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III. PURE SHEAR AND STRESSES ON OBLIQUE PLANE
Ví dụ 5.4
- Determine maximum tensile stress max
- Magnitude of torque, T
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III. PURE SHEAR AND STRESSES ON OBLIQUE PLANE
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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION
The methods used for axially loaded members are used
to solve for statically indeterminate problems with
torsion using stiffness methods we have
Static equilibrium
Geometry constraints
Compatibility of geometry constraints
(1) and (2) give extra equations besides
(1) to solve for and T
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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION
Ex 5.5
Determine the reactions at A and B
A B
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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION
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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION
Equilibrium equation
(1)
Angle of twist
Ta a
a
GJ
(T1 Ta )b
b
GJ
Tb c (T1 T2 Ta )c
c
GJ GJ
Geometric constraint requires
a b c 0
Ta a (T1 Ta )b Tb c (2)
0
GJ GJ GJ 24
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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION
Solving (1) and (2) gives
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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION
Ex 5.6
Find maximum shear stresses in the tube and the bar
if you know T, L and Gbar and Gsteel
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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION
Equilibrium equation
Angle of twist
Geometric constraint
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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION
If materials for the bar and tube are the same, Gbar =
Gtub. Then Gbar = Gtub, (2) becomes
(2’)
From (1) and (2’), we get
Ở đây Jbar = (R4)/2
Maximum shear stress in bar and tube
Where
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IV. STATICALLY INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS IN TORSION
If the materials for bar and tube are different (Gbar
GTub.), Then from (2) we get
Thay vào (1) ta có
Ứng suất tiếp lớn nhất
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