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CHAPTER

12 CIRCUMFERENCE, AREA
AND VOLUME
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12. Circumference, Area and Volume eLearn.Punjab 12. Circumference, Area and Volume eLearn.Punjab

Student Learning Outcomes Here, we can also calculate the ratio between circumference
and diameter of the circles given above by finding
After studying this unit, students will be able to:
c
• Express p as the ratio between the circumference and the diameter the value where “c” is the circumference and “d” is the diameter
of a circle. d
• Find the circumference of a circle using formula. of the circles A, B and C as given in the following table.
• Find the area of a circular region using formula. Circumference Diameter Ratio
Circles
• Find the surface area of a cylinder using formula. (c) (d) (c/d)
A 7.6 2.4 3.1666
• Find the volume of cylindrical region using formula.
B 12.57 4 3.1425
• Solve real life problems involving;
C 19.48 6.2 3.1419
• circumference and area of a circular region.
We can see that the ratio between circumference and diameter
• surface area and volume of a cylinder.
is approximately the same. We denote this constant value by a
Greek symbol p the value of which is taken approximately equal to
12.1 Circumference, Area and Volume
22
or 3.14.
12.1.1 Expressing p as the Ratio between Circumference 7
of a Circle and diameter circumference (c)
So, we can write the above statement as, =p
diameter (d )
The circumference of a circle is the distance around the edge
c
of the circle. It could be called the perimeter of the circle. To find Or simply we can write it as, =p
Therefore, c = dp
d
the circumference of any circular thing like a coin, simply wrap any
adhesive tape around it such that the end point of tape must meet But we know that d = 2r
the starting point. Now unfold the tape and again paste on any flat So, c = 2pr
surface then measure the length of the tape to find the circumference Hence, c = dp or 2pr where ‘c’ is the circumference, ‘d’ is the diameter
of that circular thing. and ‘r’ is the radius.
We observe some following figures of the circles whose circumference
and diameters have been found by the methods given above.
12.1.2 Finding the Circumference of a Circle Using
Formula

Example 1: Find the circumference of a circle with diameter

3.2cm.
Solution:
Diameter (d) = 3.2cm Circumference (c) = ?
Using the formula, c = dp
22
c = 3.2 × = 10.06cm (up to two decimal places )
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Example 2: The radius of a circle is 4.7cm. Find its circumference. 2. The diameter of a circle is 11.6cm. Find the circumference of
Solution: the circle.
Radius (r) = 4.7cm Circumference (c) = ? 3. The radius of a circle is 9.8 cm. Find the circumference of the
Using the formula, c = 2pr circle.
4. The circumference of a circle is 1.54cm. Find the diameter and
22
c =2 × × 4.7 =29.54cm (two decimal places )
7 22
radius of the circle (when p= ).
Example 3: The circumference of a circle is 418cm. Calculate 7
the diameter and radius of the circle. 5. The circumference of a circular region is 19.5cm, find its
Solution: diameter and radius (when p c 3.14).
Circumference (c) = 418cm Radius (r) = ? Diameter (d) = ?
(i) Using the formula, c = 2pr 12.1.2 Area of a Circular Region

c 418 × 7 The area of a circular region is the number of square units

r
= = = 66.5cm
2p 2 × 22 inside the circumference of the circle. We know that if we have the
measurements of the length and the width of a rectangle, we can
r = 66.5cm
find the area of the rectangle by the following formula.
(ii) Using the formula, c = pd
Area of a rectangle = Length x Width
c 418 × 7 Here we use the same formula to calculate the area of a circle. To
r
= = = 133cm
p 22 make it clear, consider a circle of any suitable radius as shown in the
figure (a).
d = 133cm
Now we divide the above circular region into 8, 16 and 32 equal parts
and rearrange its radial segments after cutting them carefully, as
EXERCISE 12.1
given below.
22
1. Find the unknown quantity when p=
7

(i) If we divide this circular region into 8 equal parts and rearrange
their radial segments, we get the following figure (b).

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In this way we get the length of rectangle which is half

 2p r 
of the circumference   of circle and width of the
 2 
rectangle is equal to the radius of the circle. The length of the
rectangle is half of the circumference of the circle because half of
the radial segments are upwards and half are downwards and the
total length of these all segments is equal to the circumference of
(ii) If we divide this circular region into 16 equal parts and
the circle.
rearrange their radial segments, we get the following figure (c).
1
circumference of the circle
Length of the rectangle =
2
1
= = (2p r ) p r
2
Width of the rectangle = Radius of the circle = r
Area of the circular region = Area of the rectangle
= Length x Width
(iii) If we divide this circular region into 32 equal parts and = pr x r = pr2
rearrange their radial segments, we get the following figure (d). Therefore,
Area of the circular region = pr2

Example 1: The radius of a circle is 14.3cm. Find the area of the

circle.
Solution:
Radius (r) = 14.3cm Area of the circle = ?
Using the formula,
Area of the circle = pr2
On considering these figures we see that these figures are of
parallelogram in which the edges of half of the sectors are  22 
=  × 14.3 × 14.3  cm 2
upwards and half of the sectors are downwards and which are  7

adjacent to each other. Similarly, if we continue the division = 642.68cm2
of circular region into more sectors, then this figure will completely
be converted into rectangle. Otherwise if we divide the last Example 2: The area of a circle is 172.1cm2 . Find the
radial segment into two equal parts and placed them at the circumference of the circle.
both ends of rectangle, then we can get the same rectangle.
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Solution:
Area of the circle = 172.1cm2 Circumference (c) = ?
12.2 Cylinder
We know that circumference = 2pr and we can calculate the radius of
the circle from its area. We are already familiar with the shape of a cylinder in our
Area of the circle = pr2 everyday life. Tin pack of soft drinks, pine apple’s slice jar, ghee tins,
oil drums, chemical drums, different types of rods and pipes, all are
22 2
172.1 = r examples of a cylinder. For further detail, we examine the following
7 figure (a) of a cylinder.
172.1 × 7 2
r2 = cm
22
r2 = 54.76cm2
r = 7.4 cm
So, c = 2pr

22
Circumference (c) =2 × × 7.4 =46.51cm
7

EXERCISE 12.2

1. Find the area of each of the following circles

From the given figure (a), we can observe that a cylinder is a solid
which consists of three surfaces of which two are circles of the same
radius and one is curved surface. We can also see that two circular
region of a cylinder are parallel to each other and the circumference
of the circles is the width of the curved surfaces. The length of the
curved surface is called the height of the cylinder which can be
denoted by “h” where we already know that “r” is the radius of both
circles and “d ” is the diameter, i.e.
Radius = r Diameter = d Height = h

2. Find the area of a circle whose circumference is 31.43cm.

12.2.1 Surface Area of the Cylinder
3. The radius of a circle is 6.3cm. Calculate the area and
circumference of the circle.
We have already learnt the formula of finding the area of a
4. The circumference of a circle is 26.4cm. Find the area of the
rectangle and a circle which are given below,
circle.
area of a rectangle = length x width
5. Find the circumference of a circle whose area is 38.5m2.
area of a circle = pr2

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Here we shall use the same formula for finding the surface area of Area of two circles = area of circle A + area of circle B
a cylinder. We know that a cylinder is the sum of three flat surfaces = pr2 + pr2 = 2pr2
(two circles and one curved surface) that can be shown by unfolding a Thus, Surface area of a cylinder = area of a curved surface + area of
cylinder as given in the following figure (b). two circles
= 2prh + 2pr2
= 2pr (h + r)

Example 1: Find the surface area of a cylinder with length

18.5cm and radius 3.2cm.
Solution:
Length (h) = 18.5cm Radius (r) = 3.2cm
Surface area of a cylinder = ?
Using the formula,
= 2p r (h + r )
Surface area of a cylinder

22
=(2 ×× 3.2(18.5 + 3.2)cm 2
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From the figure (b), we can examine the three flat surfaces of the 22
Surface area of a cylinder =(2 × × 3.2 × 21.7) =436.48cm 2
cylinder. In which circle A is the top and circle B is the base of the 7
cylinder where rectangle GOAT is the curved surface that if we roll
up and join its two edges GT and OA we get again the same curved
EXERCISE 12.3
surface. Now we can calculate the surface area of a cylinder by finding
the sum of areas of two circles A & B and area of the rectangle GOAT
1. Find the surface area of the following cylinders.
as given below:

Width of a rectangle = circumference of a circle = 2pr
Length of a rectangle = h
Area of a rectangle GOAT = Length x Width
= h x 2pr = 2prh
We know that,
Area of a curved surface = area of a rectangle GOAT
So, area of a curved surface = 2prh
Area of a circle A = pr2
Area of a circle B = pr2

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2. The radius of a cylinder is 1.4cm and length is 5.2cm. Calculate

the surface area of the cylinder.
3. Find the surface area of a 7.4cm long iron rod of 3.1cm radius.
4. A cylinder is 5m long and radius of the cylinder is 5.3cm.
Calculate the surface area of the curved surface.
5. The diameter of a cylinder is 18.5cm and length is 6.1m. Find
the surface area of the curved surface.

12.2.2 Volume of a Cylinder

We know that to find the volume of any object, we use the

measurements of three dimensions and the formula for finding the From the above figure, we can examine that the length of the cuboid
volume of an object is: is half of the circumference (2pr) of a circular region, height is equal
Volume = length x breadth x height to the length (h) of the cylinder and breadth is equal to the radius of
Now by using the above formula of volume, we shall discover another the circular region. So, if we calculate the volume of the cuboid that
formula for finding the volume of a cylinder. To discover the formula will be equal to the volume of the cylinder as given below:
for finding the volume of a cylinder, we can use the following two • length of the cuboid = half of the circumference
methods.
1
length
 = =(2p r ) p r
• By making a cuboid 2
• By stacking coins • breadth of the cuboid = radius of the circular region
∴ abreadth = r
• By making a Cuboid • height of the cuboid = length of the cylinder
We have already learnt under the topic “area of a circle” that ∴ aheight = h
when we divide a circle into several but even number of parts and • volume of the cylinder = volume of the cuboid
rearrange them according to the instructions we get a rectangle = length x breadth x height
whose length is half of the circumference (2pr) of the circle and width = pr x r x h
is equal to the radius (r) of the circle. Then by using the formula for ∴ volume = pr2 h
the area of a rectangle, we find the area of a circle. Similarly, we
can use the same above method for a cylinder but when we cut a • By stacking coins
cylinder into several but even number of parts and rearrange them Take 5 coins of Rs.5 and stack up a pile which gives
we get a cuboid as shown in following figure. us a shape of a small cylinder A of 1cm height as given below. We
can check this measurement by stacking up a pile of 5 coins of Rs.5
Similarly, stack up two more piles of 10 coins and 15 coins of Rs.5
that gives us two cylinders of 2cm and 3cm respectively, label them

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as B and C as shown in the following figures. Example 2: Find the height of a cylinder whose volume is
3,168cm and radius is 6cm.
2

Solution:
Radius (r) = 6cm Volume (v) = 3168cm3 Height(h) = ?
Using the formula,
Volume = pr2 h

volume  3168 × 7 
=h =   cm
p r2  22 × 6 × 6 
Suppose that the radius of the coin is r then the area of circular
Height = 28 cm
region will be pr2, i.e.,
Area of the circular region = length x breadth = pr2
Example 3: Find the radius of a cylinder whose height is 14cm
Where height = 1cm, 2cm and 3cm
and volume is 891 cm3.
Using the above information, we one by one calculate the volume
of cylinder A, B and C.
Solution:
Volume of the cylinder A = (length x breadth) x height
Volume(v) = 891cm3
Height(h) = 14cm Radius(r) = ?
= (pr2 x 1) cm3 = pr2 cm3
Using the formula,
Volume of the cylinder B = (length x breadth) x height
Volume = pr2 h
= (pr2 x 2) cm3 = 2pr2 cm3
Volume of the cylinder C = (length x breadth) x height volume
= (pr2 x 3) cm3 = 3pr2 cm3 r=
ph
We consider that we stack up a pile of some coins whose height is h
then the volume of cylinder is:  891 × 7 
=  cm
Volume of cylinder = (length x breadth) x height
 22 × 14 
= (pr2 x h) = 20.25cm2
Therefore, volume = pr2 h
=r 20.25cm 4.5cm
=
Example 1: Find the volume of a cylinder whose height is
18.5cm and radius is 4.2cm.
Solution: EXERCISE 12.4
Radius (r) = 4.2cm Height (h) = 18.5cm Volume (v) = ?
Using the formula, 1. Find the volume of the following cylinders.
Volume (v) = pr2 h
22 3 3
= ( × 4.2 × 4.2 × 18.5cm = 1025.64cm
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Example 1: The radius of the wheel of a car is 0.28m. Find in

how many revolutions the car will cover a distance of 880 meter.
Solution:
Radius(r) = 0.28m Circumference(c) = ? Using the formula, c = 2pr

22
c =2 × × 0.28m
7
c = 1.76m
The car will cover the distance of 1.76m in a complete revolution of
its wheels. So,1.76m distance covered by car = 1 revolution.

1
880m distance will be covered by a car = × 880 = 500 revolutions.
1.76
Example 2: The diameter of the wheel of Ahmed’s bicycle is
0.72m. The bicycle wheel completes 750 revolutions when Ahmed
comes from school to house. Find the distance between school and
house.
Solution:
Diameter (d) = 0.72m Circumference (c) = ?
Using the formula, c = pd

22
2. Find the volume of a cylinder whose height is 9.8cm and radius = × 0.72 =2.26m
7
of 5.6cm.
In 1 revolution the distance covered = 2.26m
3. The volume of a cylinder is 311.85cm3 and height is 10cm. Find
In 750 revolutions the travel is = 2.26 x 750 = 1695m
the radius of the circular region of the cylinder.
4. The radius of cylinder is 7cm and its volume is 2,233cm3. Find
Example 3: The length of the minute hand of a time clock is
the height of the cylinder.
3.5cm. Find the distance covered by the pointer of minute hand in 3
5. Find the radius of a cylinder when its height is 9.2cm and its
hours.
volume is 5,667.2cm3
Solution:
The length of the minute hand (radius) = 3.5cm Circumference = ?
12.2.3 Real Life Problems
Using the formula, c = 2pr

• Solving Real Life Problems involving Circumference and Area 22

of a Circle =(2 × × 3.5)cm =22cm
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We know that in 1 hour, pointer of minute hand completes one 3. The length of the minute hand of a watch is 1.75cm. Find in how
revolution. So, many hours, the pointer of minute hand will move to cover
In 1 hour, pointer of minute hand covers the 165cm.
distance = 22cm 4. The length of the hour hand of a watch is 1.2cm. Find the
In 3 hours, pointer of minute hand covers the distance covered by the hour pointer of hand in 24 hours.
distance = 3 x 22cm = 66cm (Hint: The hour hand completes one revolution in 12 hours)
5. The radius of a circular garden is 24.5m. Find the cost of fencing
Example 4: The circumference of a circular floor is 55m. the garden at the rate of Rs.175 per meter.
Calculate the area of the floor and also find the cost of flooring at 6. The diameter of a circular room is 4.2m. Find the cost of flooring
the rate of Rs.90/m2. at the rate of Rs.150/m2.
Solution: 7. Find the wages of grass cutting of a circular park at the rate of
Circumference (c) = 55m Area of the floor = ? Rs.5/m2, where the radius of the park is 105m.
We know that, 8. The radius of a circular pool is 10.5m. Calculate the cost of
c = 2pr flooring tiles used on the floor of the pool at the rate
of Rs. 180/m2.
c
r= 9. The diameter of a circular playground is 21m. Calculate the
2p cost of repairing the floor of the playground at the rate of
 55 × 7  Rs.230/m2 and also find the cost of fencing the playground at
Radius of circular
= floor =  8.75 metre
 2 × 22  the rate of Rs.75/m.
Now we calculate the area of floor. • Solving Real Life Problems involving Surface Area and Volume
Area of the circular region = pr2 of a Cylinder

 22  Example 1: The length of a steel pipe is 2.1m and the radius is

=  × 8.75 × 8.75  = 240.62m 2
 7  8cm. Calculate its surface area if pipe is open at both the ends.
The cost of lm2 = 90 rupees Solution:
The cost of 240.62m2 = (90 x 240.62) = Rs. 21655.8 The pipe has only curved surface so,
Length (h) = 2.1m = (2.1 x 100) = 210cm
Radius (r) = 8cm
EXERCISE 12.5 Area of a curved surface =?
Using the formula,
1. The diameter of the wheel of Irfan’s bike is 0.7m. The wheel Area of a curved surface = 2prh
completes 1800 revolutions when he reaches home from the  22 
=  2 × × 8 × 210  = 10560cm 2
office. Find the distance between Irfan’s house and office.  7 
2. The radius of a truck wheel is 0.55m. Calculate how much
distance the truck will cover in 1,500 revolutions of the wheel. Example 2: Find the surface area of an oil drum whose length is
1.6m and the diameter is 63cm.
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Solution: 4. A cylindrical chemical drum is 220.5cm long and the radius of

Length (h) = 1.6m = (1.6 x 100)cm = 160cm the drum is 42cm. Calculate the cost of painting the drum at
the rate of Rs.0.15/cm2.
diameter (d ) 63 5. Radius of a round swimming pool is 17.5m and the depth of
Radius
= (r ) = = cm 31.5cm
2 2 the pool is 3m. Calculate the cost of tiles used on the wall of the
Surface area of the drum = ? pool at the rate of Rs. 120/m2.
Using the formula, 6. The internal diameter of a round mosque is 31.5m and height
Surface area of the drum (cylinder) = 2pr (h + r) of walls is 7m. Find the cost of cementing the round wall of the
22 mosque at the rate of Rs.l9/m2.
=2 × × 31.5 (160+31.5) 7. A cylindrical water tank is 7.7m high and its inner radius is 5m.
7
Calculate the price of marble used in the inner side of the tank
22
=2 × × 31.5 × 191.5 at the rate of Rs.500/m2.
7

Surface area of the drum = 37917cm2 8. Find the height of an oil drum whose volume is 12,474m3 and
radius is 6.3m.
Example 3: Height of an oil drum is 250cm its radius is 70cm. 9. A cylindrical tin can is 77cm high and its radius is 20cm. Find
Find the volume or capacity of cylinder in litre. how many liter of oil may be contained in the tin can.
Solution: 10. Find the capacity of a circular water tank in liters when the
Height (h) = 250cm Radius (r) = 70cm height of the tank is 420cm and its diameter is 510cm.
Capacity of an oil drum in litres = volume = ?
Volume of cylinder = pr2 h REVIEW EXERCISE 12
22
= ( × 70 × 70 × 250)cm3
7 1. Answer the following questions.
Volume of cylinder = 3,850,000cm 3
(i) Define the circumference of a circle.
We know that: (ii) What is an area of a circular region?
1,000cm3 = 1 liter (iii) Write the formula for finding the surface area and volume
3,850 ,000 of a cylinder.
Volume (litre)
= = litres 3,850 litres
1,000 (iv) Write the formula for finding the circumference and area
of a circle.
EXERCISE 12.6 (v) What is the approximate value of p?

1. A cylindrical wooden piece is 19.4cm long. Find the surface

2. Fill in the blanks.
area of the wooden piece if its diameter is 14cm.
(i) The _______ of a circle is the measurement of its closed
2. A tin pack of a soft drink is 10cm long and the radius of the tin
curve.
pack is 3.3cm. Find the surface area of the tin pack.
(ii) Two circular regions, of a cylinder are_______to each other.
3. A circular pillar of 22.5cm radius is 6.3m long. Calculate the
(iii) The length of the_______is called the height of the cylinder.
surface area of the pillar.
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(iv) The ratio between circumference and diameter of a circle 10. Find the cost of spraying a chemical in a circular field at the
is denoted by the symbol_______. rate of Rs.10/m2 where the radius of the circular field is 73.5m
(v) Surface area of a cylinder = area of the curved surface and also calculate the cost of making hurdle around the field
+ _______. at the rate of Rs.25/m.

3. Tick (p ) the correct option. SUMMARY

• The circumference of a circle is the distance around the edge of

the circle.
• The ratio between circumference and diameter of a circle is
22
4. Find the area and circumference of the circle, if p= and denoted by a Greek symbol p whose approximate value is 3.14.
radius is:
7 • The area of a circular region is the number of square units inside
(i) 2.8cm (ii) 4.9cm (iii) 10.5cm the circle.
• A cylinder consists of three surfaces i.e. two circles of same radius
1 1 and one curved surface.
(iv) 10 cm (v) 6 cm
2 2 • C = dp or 2pr, where ‘c’ is the circumference, ‘d’ is the diameter
5. Find the surface area and volume of the following cylinders. and ‘r’ is the radius.
(i) r = 14cm, h = 15cm (ii) r = 3.5cm, h = 100cm • Area of the circular region = pr2
(iii) r = 10cm, h = 21cm (iv) r = 4cm, h = 12cm • Surface area of a cylinder = 2pr (h + r)
• Volume of a cylinder = pr2 h
6. Area of a round bed of roses is 7.065m . Find the cost of
fencing around it at the rate of Rs.20 per meter (when
p c 3.14).

7. The radius of the wheel of Aslam’s cycle is 35cm. To reach school

from house, the wheel completes 1200 rounds. Find the

22
distance from house to school (when p≈ ).
7
8. Find the surface area of 2m 99 long drum whose radius of

22
base is 21cm (when p≈ ).
7
9. A well is 20m deep and its diameter is 4m. How much soil is
required to fill it. (when p c 3.14).
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