Engineering and Technology Journal Vol. 37, Part A, No.

10, 2019

Ibtisam R. Karim Hydraulic Analysis of Irrigation Network

University of Technology,
Civil Engineering Department, for the Proposed Taq-Taq Dam Using
Baghdad, Iraq EPANET Software
[email protected]

Sarmad A. Sahib Abstract-Analysis of the pipe network aims to determine the pressure
University of Technology, drops and flow rates in the individual parts of the network. In this study,
Civil Engineering Department, the EPANET software was used for automatically solving problems of the
Baghdad, Iraq network. The main objective of this study is to analyze the irrigation
[email protected] network of the proposed Taq-Taq dam using hydraulic simulation
software. In order to study the distribution of pressure, velocity and head
on the pipe network to ensure the operation of the network efficiently and
improve quantity of water distributed through the pipelines system. The
Received on: 17/04/2019 study explained the velocity, pressure, and head distributions along the
Accepted on: 23/06/2019 pipeline of the proposed irrigation project. The results concluded that the
Published online: 25/10/2019 simulated model seems to be reasonably close to those of an actual
network system.

Keywords- EPANET, Pipe flow, Pipe Network, Simulation, Water

Demand.
How to cite this article: I.R. Karim and S.A. Sahib, “Hydraulic Analysis of Irrigation Network for the Proposed Taq-Taq Dam Using EPANET
Software,” Engineering and Technology Journal, Vol. 37, Part A, No. 10, pp. 429-434, 2019.

1. Introduction
The aim is to introduce EPANET to model an
irrigation network, and to solve any attached
problems to an irrigation system. The model
contains an optimization technique of network
solver EPANET used to reach the proposed
scheme. EPANET is chosen due to handle
together steady state as well as extend period
simulation network of water distribution. This
Figure 1: Locations of some irrigation systems
chapter shows discussions the EPANET
(Ministry of Water Resources in Iraq, 2010)
simulation model by using a sample model of a
real irrigation system and sprinkler irrigation
The Kara Cuge irrigation system project was
system [1].
selected as a case study. The system receives
An irrigation system can be defined as a
water from a reservoir that has a capacity of 5292
hydraulic infrastructure that conveys water from
m3and connected to the bottom outlet of the
the source to the consumers; it consists of five
proposed Taq-Taq Dam with GRP (Glass
elements: pumps, pipes, valves, tanks, and
Reinforced Polyester) this pipeline (C) Ø700mm
reservoirs.
dragged that has the length of 3464 m. The main
supply line for system is divided into three
2. Description of Project directions: The first is the GRP pipeline (C-1),
The purpose of the proposed Taq-Taq Dam is (Ø300mm, Ø250mm, and Ø150mm) at a total
irrigation, hydroelectric power generation and length of 2047 m. The second is the GRP pipeline
flood control for downstream area. Besides (C-2) Ø300mm, and Ø100mm has a length of
serving the regulating dam for waters released of 1583 m. The last direction is also the GRP
Dokan Dam power station. The proposed Taq- pipeline (C-3) within four pipes (Ø600 mm, Ø500
Taq Dam and Irrigation Project comprise six mm, Ø400 mm, and Ø300 mm) and 3933 m is the
irrigation systems as shown in Figure (1). These total length and it go under the bed of the river.
systems are: Taq-Taq irrigation system, Kara Since terrain altitude is not higher than 380
Cuge irrigation system, Kanibi irrigation system, meters above sea level (m.a.s.l) [2], working
Haraba irrigation system, Kotan irrigation system, pressure is assured on entire irrigated area. Figure
and Kasgah irrigation system [2]. (2).

http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.37.10A.8
2412-0758/University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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Engineering and Technology Journal Vol. 37, Part A. No. 10, 2019

period simulation of hydraulic. A network

contains pipes, pumps, nodes (pipe junctions),
valves and the reservoirs. EPANET tracks the
water flow in every pipe, the pressure at every
node; the water height in each reservoir, as well
as the concentration of chemical species
throughout the network during simulation interval
included multiple time steps [3]. In addition,
chemical species, source tracing and water age
have been simulated. Running beneath Windows,
EPANET supplies an integrated environment for
input data of editing network, water quality
simulations and running hydraulic, as well as the
results are shown in formats variety. These
include data tables, time series graphs, and color-
coded network maps in addition to contour plots.
Figure 2: Kara Cuge Irrigation System EPANET was developed by both the Supply of
water and Resources of Water Division of U.S.
3. Hydraulic Analysis of Pipeline Network Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk
Using EPANET Software Management Sturdy Laboratory. Accurate
I. EPANET software description hydraulic modeling is necessary for doing
effective water quantity modeling. EPANET
Pipeline network of the irrigation network was consist of state of the art time. From a one-time
analyzed using EPANET software, which step to the next reservoir levels and junction
performs the behavior of water quality within a demands are updated according to their
pressurized pipe hydraulic analysis engine which prescribed time patterns while tank levels are
contains the following capabilities [4]: updated using the current flow solution. The
› Places no limit on the dimension of the solution for heads and flows at a particular point
network that analyzed in time involves solving the conservation of flow
› Computes head loss of friction by using either equations for each junction and the headless
Darcy-Weisbach, Hazen-Williams, or Chezy- relationship across each link in the network
Manning equations simultaneously. This process, known as
› Contains minor head losses for fittings, bends. hydraulically balancing the network, requires
› Variable speed pumps or models constant using an iterative technique to solve the nonlinear
› Computes cost as well as pumping energy equations involved. EPANET employs the
› Models different types of valves gradient Algorithm for this purpose.
› Allows the tanks of storage to have many
forms (i.e., the diameter that changed with the II. Application the EPANET
height)
› Considers a different demand for categories at The irrigation project for the study area was
every node, with its pattern of time variation. divided into two main sections through two main
› Models pressure dependent on flow issuing of pipes from Reservoir (R-1). Each pipe is a
emitters. 700mm diameter and distributes water to
› Can base system operation on both timer secondary pipes in both sides to deliver water to
controls and simple tank level, and complex rule all parts of the irrigation project, as shows in
based controls. Figure 3, 4, 5 and 6. The Figures show the results
EPANET’s simulation model computed the of the distribution of the pipeline, velocity,
hydraulic heads at junctions and flow rates pressures, and heads along the pipes, respectively.
through links for a fixed set of tank levels, Tables 1 and 2 illustrate the characteristics of
reservoir levels, and water demands over a nodes and links-pipes, respectively.
succession of points in networks and extended

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Figure 3: Distribution of the pipeline in the irrigation project

Figure 4: Velocity distribution along the pipeline in the irrigation project

Figure 5: Pressure distribution along the pipeline in the irrigation project

Figure 6: Head distribution along the pipeline in the irrigation project

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Table 1: Results and characteristics in nodes-junctions of irrigation project for study area

Node ID Elevation (m) Demand (l/sec) Head (m) Pressure(m)

Junc. 2 516 0 540 24
Junc. 3 520 15.5 531 11.95
Junc. 4 512 18.54 538 26.32
Junc. 5 505 0 538 33.53
Junc. 6 502 47.12 533 31.96
Junc. 7 503 6.58 536 33.31
Junc. 8 500 0 537 37.35
Junc. 9 485 45.47 532 47.34
Junc. 14 480 33.33 530 50.54
Junc. 12 477 145.93 533 56.87
Junc. 13 480 61.57 531 51.8
Junc. 10 499 0 536 37.33
Junc. 11 488 28.86 534 46.71
Junc. 16 468 91.27 522 54.29
Junc. 17 458 0 525 67.24
Junc. 18 455 77.89 520 65.87
Junc. 19 453 40.01 519 66.26
Junc. 15 482 0 532 50.52
Junc. 20 484 68.93 532 48.08
Junc. 21 520 0 540 20
Junc. 22 513 0 539 26.23
Junc. 23 500 0 538 38.17
Junc. 24 500 0 537 37.66
Junc. 25 497 0 536 39.93
Junc. 26 500 0 535 35.72
Junc. 27 491 0 533 42.94
Junc. 28 472 0 530 58.56
Junc. 30 511 34.14 533 22.69
Junc.31 512 38.73 538 26.04
Junc. 32 512 0 539 27.19
Junc. 33 503 59.21 535 32.98
Junc. 35 508 22 534 26.36
Junc. 36 487 125.9 528 41.73
Junc. 37 480 114.61 526 46.67
Junc. 38 496 38.19 534 38.68
Junc. 40 494 45.36 530 36.28
Junc. 41 482 0 530 48.81
Junc. 42 482 56.62 522 40.65
Junc. 43 498 0 530 32.71
Junc. 44 498 55.98 526 28.89
Junc. 45 481 0 532 51.94
Junc. 46 471 0 531 60.16
Junc. 47 460 22.87 527 67.41
Junc. 49 478 71.81 524 46.75
Junc. 48 468 50.91 523 55.36
Junc. 50 499 0 532 33.42
Junc. 51 491 0 527 36.8
Junc. 53 482 77 526 44.03
Junc. 54 479 0 529 50.82
Junc. 55 468 80.91 525 57.07
Junc. 57 463 115.83 521 58.1
Junc. 58 477 58.56 514 37.72
Junc. 59 452 0 525 73.43
Junc. 61 457 49.24 520 63.48
Junc. 60 440 60.41 518 78.46
Res. 1 540 1983.55 540 0

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Table 2: Results and characteristics in links-pipes of irrigation project

Link ID Length Diameter Roughness, Flow Velocity Unit Head loss Friction
(m) (mm) C (l/sec) (m/sec) (m/km) Factor, f
Pipe. 2 620.3 700 155 646.96 1.68 2.38 0.012
Pipe. 3 580.23 700 155 593.26 1.54 2.02 0.012
Pipe. 4 585.84 700 155 547.79 1.42 1.75 0.012
Pipe. 7 975 200 155 40.01 1.27 6.13 0.015
Pipe. 8 260 100 155 15.5 1.97 30.98 0.016
Pipe. 9 280 150 155 18.54 1.05 5.99 0.016
Pipe.10 550 200 155 47.12 1.5 8.3 0.014
Pipe.11 350 100 155 6.58 0.84 6.34 0.018
Pipe.12 645 200 155 45.47 1.45 7.77 0.015
Pipe.13 400 450 155 269.69 1.7 4.04 0.012
Pipe.14 340 450 155 207.5 1.3 2.49 0.013
Pipe.15 450 250 155 61.57 1.25 4.59 0.014
Pipe.16 235 150 155 33.33 1.89 17.75 0.015
Pipe.17 1075 250 155 91.27 1.86 9.52 0.014
Pipe.18 615 250 155 77.89 1.59 7.1 0.014
Pipe.19 750 250 155 68.93 1.4 5.66 0.014
Pipe.22 1087.4 1000 155 1022.57 1.3 0.98 0.011
Pipe.23 386.83 900 155 907.96 1.43 1.31 0.011
Pipe.24 610.7 900 155 869.77 1.37 1.21 0.011
Pipe.25 702.32 800 155 772.23 1.54 1.72 0.011
Pipe.26 723.85 700 155 659.63 1.71 2.46 0.012
Pipe.27 1266.8 550 155 364.95 1.54 2.66 0.012
Pipe.28 825.18 300 155 109.65 1.55 5.5 0.013
Pipe.29 340 150 155 34.14 1.93 18.55 0.015
Pipe.30 340 200 155 38.73 1.23 5.77 0.015
Pipe.31 10 400 155 207.11 1.65 4.4 0.013
Pipe.32 750 250 155 59.21 1.21 4.27 0.014
Pipe.33 652.5 400 155 147.9 1.18 2.36 0.013
Pipe.34 400 150 155 22 1.24 8.22 0.016
Pipe.35 1255 300 155 125.9 1.78 7.11 0.013
Pipe.36 1925 300 155 114.61 1.62 5.97 0.013
Pipe.37 530 200 155 38.19 1.22 5.62 0.015
Pipe.38 675 200 155 52.18 1.66 10.02 0.014
Pipe.39 860 200 155 45.36 1.44 7.73 0.015
Pipe.40 420.5 200 155 56.62 1.8 11.66 0.014
Pipe.41 700 200 155 56.62 1.8 11.66 0.014
Pipe.42 438.37 200 155 55.98 1.78 11.42 0.014
Pipe.43 335 200 155 55.98 1.78 11.42 0.014
Pipe.44 434.02 400 155 145.59 1.16 2.29 0.013
Pipe.45 423.73 300 155 94.68 1.34 4.19 0.014
Pipe.46 425 150 155 22.87 1.29 8.83 0.016
Pipe.47 1050 250 155 71.81 1.46 6.11 0.014
Pipe.48 1000 200 155 50.91 1.62 9.58 0.014
Pipe.49 329.55 350 155 149.09 1.55 4.59 0.013
Pipe.50 752.11 250 155 72.09 1.47 6.15 0.014
Pipe.51 775 250 155 72.09 1.47 6.15 0.014
Pipe.52 920 250 155 77 1.57 6.95 0.014
Pipe.53 502.8 350 155 80.91 0.84 1.48 0.014
Pipe.54 1515 300 155 80.91 1.14 3.13 0.014
Pipe.55 558.77 350 155 174.39 1.81 6.13 0.013
Pipe.56 990 300 155 115.83 1.64 6.09 0.013
Pipe.57 1000 200 155 58.56 1.86 12.41 0.014
Pipe.58 226.93 350 155 109.65 1.14 2.6 0.014
Pipe.59 530 200 155 60.41 1.92 13.15 0.014
Pipe.60 550 200 155 49.24 1.57 9 0.014

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4. Conclusions
i. In this paper, the researcher succeeded in modeling
the water distribution system using EPANET2.0
software as a tool for improving the simulation of the
hydraulic behavior of the water supply distribution
network. After analyzing the water distribution
network of the proposed Taq-Taq dam, we can
obtain any value of variables.
ii. A Comparison of the results that the researcher
obtained indicates that the simulated model seems to
be reasonably close to the same network.

References
[1] L. A. Rossman, “EPANET 2 User's Manual”. United
State Environmental Protection Agency. National Risk
Management Research Laboratory Cincinnati, OH 45268,
2000.
[2]Ministry of Water Resources in Iraq (MOWR),
“Primary Report for Taq-Taq Dam” ,2010
[3]H. Shen and E. McBean, “Hydraulic calibration for a
small water distribution network. In Proceedings of the
12th Water Distribution Systems Analysis (WDSA2010)
Conference”, pages 1545–1557, Tucson, Arizona, United
States, 2010.
[4]S. Saleh, and T. Tanyimboh, “Optimal design of water
distribution systems based on entropy and topology”.
Water Resources Management, 28(11):3555–3575, 2014.

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