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Oral Communication in Context – Grade 11

Quarter 1 – Module 1: Communication: The Foundation of the World

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: EDWIN A. DATAN, JR.

BLAISE HENRY E. ILAN

Editor: APRIL ANGELA E. CANLAS

Reviewers: GWEN A. DANS, MLL

ELMER A. DELOS ANGELES, JR., MM

Illustrator: EDWIN A. DATAN, JR.

Layout Artist: SYROM M. MIRANDA

MABINI COLLEGES, INC.

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kptn. Isko St., Brgy. VII, Daet, Camarines Norte
(054) 721 – 1281
[email protected]
 Oral Communication in Context - Grade 11
Quarter 1- Module 1: Communication: The Foundation of the World

I.
INTRODUCTION

Can you imagine how far humanity has achieved? The gigantic buildings,
breathtaking man-made structures, jaw dropping technologies, (think of human
achievements as many as you can), what do you think made it all possible? Do you
think it’s all pure luck? Or are these products of human ability and intelligence? If it’s
only pure luck, then there’s no point of discussing it at all. If you agree that human
achievements were made possible because of human ability and intelligence, what do
you think is this special ability? Well then, in this module let’s discuss and introduce
this ability that laid the foundations of our society.

II.
OBJECTIVES

Minimum Essential Learning Competency:

 Explain the functions, nature and process of communication. (EN11/12OC-la-
2)

Specific Learning Objectives:

 Identify the types of communication
 Identify the elements of communication
 Explain how these elements and types affect the communication process

III.
VOCABULARY LIST

For your better understanding of the lesson , here is the list of words and their
meanings. Read and understand them carefully.

 Communication
Imparting or exchanging information through various forms and medium.
  Oral Communication
Process of verbally transmitting information and ideas from one individual or
group to another.
 Functions of Communication
Refers to how people use language for different purposes also refers to how
language is affected by different time, place, and situation used to control the
behavior of people used to regulate the nature and amount of activities people
engage in.
 Verbal Communication
Refers to the use of words to share information with other people. It can
therefore include both spoken and written communication. However, many
people use the term to describe only spoken communication.
 Non-Verbal Communication
The transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such
as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and the distance between
two individuals.
 Intrapersonal
Means “within a person,” that is, taking place within one person's self or mind.
 Interpersonal
Pertains to relationships or communication between people.
 Intercultural
Something that occurs between people of different cultures including different
religious groups or people of different national origins.

IV.
PRE - TEST

SHORT RESPONSE TEST

Directions: Read each sentence carefully, then write your answer to each question in
a separate sheet of paper.

1. As a student, how will you define communication in your OWN WORDS?

2. What do you think will happen if communication doesn’t exists?
3. Why is communication important in our daily lives?
V.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Learning Activity 1: SIMPLE vs. COMPLEX

Directions: Write at least 5 examples of simple communication and
another 5 examples for complex communication.

Simple Complex

1. ____________________ 1. __________________

2. ____________________ 2. __________________

3. ____________________ 3. __________________

4. ____________________ 4. __________________

5. ____________________ 5. __________________

Communication is the special ability that enabled all of us to survive, develop,

adapt, and progress in our daily lives. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines
communication as the process by which information is exchanged between
individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior. Let’s simplify
the definition, the bottom-line here is that as far as we do something in order to be
understood whether through speaking or other means, we are into the process of
communication.
Communication process is very easy to understand and is present in all
aspects of life. Communication varies from simple to complex types. Simple
examples include winking your eye, crying, shouting, shaking hands, nodding your
head, smiling, frowning, etc. Complex examples include writing a poem to express
emotions, creating a hidden code for your friends, solving a mystery riddle, doing sign
language, etc.

All of your listed communication activities, no matter how simple or complex

had enabled us to survive and progress in our daily lives. All of these had enabled us
to connect with each other. The more we are connected, the more we can achieve
something. This is what we mean by saying that Communication laid the foundations
of the world.
 It laid the foundations of the world in the aspect that all living creatures (not just
humans) is gifted with the ability to communicate. Communication is vital for the
survival of all living creatures in this planet. Dogs bark to warn trespassers, birds
show off their colorful feathers to attract a mate, snakes poses an intimidating position
to warn off its enemies, and even plants can communicate with other plants and
animals! These are some of the common examples of communication in our nature.
However, despite all of these creatures’ ability to communicate, no other creature on
earth has achieved what the human race had achieved. Primarily, it is because of our
superiority in terms of doing communication.
Humans are far more specific, systematic, and sophisticated when
communicating. Through the aid of Language which is considered as the most
important invention of mankind, humans were able to create and assign symbols
for specific emotions, things, and meanings that further helped us to connect well with
each other. A language is a system that not even the smartest animal or plant have.
Language broke many barriers in communication and paved way for the human race
to progress and develop over time. To provide an analysis for this topic, let’s read an
interesting story taken from the Bible:

Genesis 11: 1-9

New International Version
The Tower of Babel
11 Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. 2 As people
moved eastward,[a] they found a plain in Shinar[b] and settled there.3 They said to each
other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead
of stone, and tar for mortar. 4 Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with
a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves;
otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth.”
5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were

building. 6 The Lord said, “If as one people speaking the same language they have
begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. 7 Come,
let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.”
8 So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building

the city. 9 That is why it was called Babel[c]—because there the Lord confused the
language of the whole world. From there the Lord scattered them over the face of
the whole earth.

Let us reflect. In the Bible, during the time when there is only one language and
speech for mankind, people wanted to create a huge tower so that they can reach the
heavens. Their unity in language had enabled them to communicate well and had
made them so united and powerful that they attempted to “make a name for
themselves”. Thus, the tower of Babel is a representation of man’s arrogance of his
ability and failure to recognize the glory and power of the Divine Creator.
 God had perceived this, and as a result, he had confused the language of
mankind and scattered the human race in various parts of the world. Whether the story
of the Tower of Babel in the Bible is true or not, this offers us a viewpoint of what the
humans can achieve through communication. Communication can offer
unimaginable and limitless power to mankind.

Learning Activity 2: LET’S IMAGINE!

Directions: Illustrate/draw your imagined world in a short bond paper.

Imagine a world with only one language. What do you think are the possibilities
that a “united/one language” can offer for mankind? Can it make the world more
peaceful, developed, and united? Will there be no wars? Will there be no
misunderstandings? Or will it make the world more chaotic and worse? Imagine many
possibilities as much as you can.

Types of Communication

Basically there are two basic types of Communication, Verbal and Non-Verbal
Communication. Verbal Communication refers to communicating using words or
language, either through speaking or writing. As long as there are words/language
included, it is considered as Verbal Communication. Non Verbal Communication on
the other hand is a type of communication that does not use any spoken or written
words. It relies heavily on body gestures, actions, illustrations, etc. Some of the
common examples of Non-verbal communication are crying, winking, thumbs up sign,
dancing, painting, etc.

In every situation, we can choose what type of communication we are going to

use. For example, one does not always have to say that he/she is sad, a simple frown
in the face can do the trick. Some people on the other hand are more vocal than others,
they tend to express themselves through speaking or writing. But, we must remember,
it is best to employ both Verbal and Non-verbal styles when communicating. When
verbal and non-verbal styles are perfectly combined and delivered in proper
context/environment, the more we can effectively communicate.

For example, a good speech is a combination of both powerful/touching words

and body gestures and convincing tone.

Types of Communication according to the number of participants

Now that you’ve learned the two basic types of communication, let’s discuss
the types of communication according to the number of participants. You may find it
more effective to study on your own than to study with a large group of people. Also,
eating in a restaurant is more fun if you have a companion rather than eating alone
and with no one to hang out with. Therefore, the number of participants directly
affects the context and nature of communication. These are the classifications of
communication:

1. Intrapersonal Communication – means communicating with oneself. Little we

know that this communication is the most common and practiced among humans.
Before we communicate with others, we first communicate with ourselves. How do
Intrapersonal communication happen? It happens every time we dream, focus,
meditate, imagine, think, memorize and talk to ourselves. Other examples are singing
alone, writing in a diary, studying for exams, etc. Intrapersonal communication is vital
in keeping our sanity.

Learning Activity 3: HAVE A REFLECTION!

Directions: Read the following questions below. Justify and write your answer
on your notebook.

 What is Prayer? Give your own definition of Prayer. Is praying an example of

Intrapersonal Communication? Why or why not?

2. Interpersonal Communication – is a type of communication between two

individuals. Communicating to another person can happen directly or indirectly.
Direct interpersonal communication means communicating face to face with the
receiver while indirect interpersonal is communicating with the receiver remotely
through the aid of technology and other mechanisms.

Direct Interpersonal Communication examples:

a. One on one face to face conversation
b. Winking to a stranger
c. Kissing
Indirect Interpersonal Communication examples:
a. Texting/Chatting with a friend
b. Sending a letter to a loved one
c. Video Chatting with a friend

3. Small Group Communication – is a type of communication between three to

fifteen individuals. Three is the minimum while fifteen is the maximum number of
a small group. This type of communication commonly happens between family
members, friends, sports team, class group mates, etc.

Small Group Communication examples:

a. Family dinner
b. Group study
c. Volleyball Team Practice
4. Public Communication – happens if the participants had already exceeded
fifteen. This type of communication happens during large face to face crowd
gatherings such as parties, rallies, religious occasions, etc. Public Communication
has a minimum of sixteen participants and should happen via face to face.

Public Communication examples

a. Speeches
b. Weddings
c. Church Mass

5. Mass Communication – When it comes to the number of participants, Public and

Mass Communication were the same, however, they differ in the way they are
delivered and executed. Mass Communication is the simultaneous transmission
of messages to a large audience through the use of traditional or new mediums
for communication. It’s only difference to Public Communication is that the message
is delivered to a large crowd impersonally. Mass Media and Internet are the two
best examples of Mass Communication.

Mass Communication examples:

a. Watching television
b. Reading Newspaper
c. Watching a Facebook Live video

6. Organizational Communication – is the type of communication that happens

within an organization. This communication has nothing to do with the number of
participants though, but is more concerned with the context/environment that
affects the communication process particularly in an organization. For example, the
culture inside a Military organization is different from the culture inside Universities
and Colleges. The way of communication inside an organization is somehow
different from other organizations.

Organizational Communication examples:

a. Office meetings
b. Student Assembly
c. Club initiation rites

7. Intercultural Communication – is the type of communication between people of

different cultures. It is based on the idea that the different cultures of each society
affects communication greatly. For instance, Filipinos show their respect through
“pagmamano” while Japanese show their respects through bowing. European
people are also more touchy and expressive in showing their friendship and
affection than Asians. Our communication and its meanings are heavily affected
by culture.
Elements of Communication

Now that you have learned the basic introduction, purpose, and types of
Communication, let’s discuss the elements that make Communication possible. When
we say elements, these are the building blocks that forms a particular thing.

Let’s compare Communication to a food. Food has the corresponding amount

and number of ingredients that makes it delicious, palatable, and aromatic. The
absence, presence, lack, or dominance of a particular ingredient/element may affect
the taste and composition of a food in general. The same also goes for
Communication. For a communication process to happen, it should contains some
vital elements:

1. Source – It is where the message is coming from. It/he/she is the one that
started/initiated the communication process. Communication is impossible for
message will not be created without a source.

Examples:
A dog barking in the street – The dog is the source
A woman singing in a bar – The woman is the source
A painter finishing his oil canvass – The painter is the source
A priest doing a sermon – The priest is the source

2. Message – The message is the most important element of communication.

It is the main reason why we communicate. The source is initiating the
communication process because he/she wants to give/convey a particular
message. A message can be an idea, word, emotion, concept, a piece of
information, art, symbol, code and many more. There can be thousands to
millions of message types in communication! In every communication process
we are delivering or sending a particular message.

Examples:
A dog barking in the street – The bark is the message
A woman singing in a bar – The song/lyrics is the message
A painter finishing his oil canvass – The oil painting is the message
A priest doing a sermon – The sermon is the message

3. Receiver – The receiver is the one receiving the message from the source. A
receiver can be the listener, audience, text recipient, etc. The receiver can be
a single individual or a large group depending on the situation of
communication. The receiver can be the intended receiver or the unintended
receiver of the message. The intended receiver is the individual that the source
is trying to reach with the message, while the unintended receiver may receive
 the message either by accident or chance. If you shout towards your neighbor’s
house in order to call him/her out, it is your neighbor who is the intended
receiver of your message. However, other neighbors or bystanders may
unintentionally/accidentally hear your message even though the message is not
intended for them.

Examples:
A dog barking in the street – Another dog or some bystanders can be the
receivers
A woman singing in a bar – People inside the bar are the receivers
A painter finishing his oil canvass – Anyone who will see the painting can be
the receiver
A priest doing a sermon – People attending the mass were the receivers

4. Medium/Channel –The medium is the tool being used in order to deliver the
message. Without the medium, a message cannot be transmitted from the
source to the receiver. Just like the message, types of medium can vary from
thousands to millions. Almost everything (from body parts to objects) can be
used in order to deliver a message! Even a rock can be used as a medium to
deliver a message! If you throw a rock to somebody, you can be expressing
your anger to that individual and the rock serves as your tool to deliver your
message. Typical examples of medium were the voice, mouth, hands,
microphone, whiteboard, paper, gadget, Television and many more.

Examples:
A dog barking in the street – The loud/deep voice of the dog is the medium
A woman singing in a bar – The singer’s voice and microphone is the medium
A painter finishing his oil canvass – The paper or drawing board is the medium
A priest doing a sermon – The voice, hand gestures, and microphone were the
media.

5. Response/Feedback – This is the desired or undesired message, emotion,

idea, concept, reaction or effect coming from the receiver after he/she had
received the message. The feedback is also a message, however the feedback
comes from the receiver only after a message was transmitted by the source.
In every communication process, there is a feedback. The feedback can
happen instantly or may take a long time. An instant reaction or smile from your
lips after you received a good night message is an example of instant
feedback. While a late text message reply from a friend is an example of a
delayed feedback. Communication has no time frame or limit, therefore,
there is no standard or specific time for a feedback to happen. As long as the
message has reached the receiver, a feedback is automatic.
 Examples:
A dog barking in the street – Staying away from the barking dog is an example
of instant feedback
A woman singing in a bar – People applauding and clapping to the song of the
lady is a type of feedback
A painter finishing his oil canvass – Appreciation from the viewer of the painting
is a type of feedback
A priest doing a sermon – Churchgoers being moved and inspired by the
sermon of the priest is a type of feedback

6. Noise – it is defined as the thing/situation or circumstance that interferes or

prevents the message from reaching the receiver. It is the communication
barrier between the source and the receiver. A noise can affect the
feedback/response of the receiver to a particular message. The greater the
noise, the more hard it is for the message to reach the receiver. Not all noise
are sounds, there are three common types of noise:

a. Physical Noise – pertains to the literal noise such as loud and unclear
sounds, bad handwriting, mechanical errors in printing, low definition video,
etc,that can either affect the receiver’s understanding of the message or
prevent the message at all from reaching the receiver. The medium or the
environment is the source of the noise.

b. Physiological Noise – a type of noise coming the body. It is when our

body prevents or interferes with our understanding of the message.
Examples are headache, toothache, disease, disability, etc. If you have poor
eyesight, your eyes prevents you from clearly seeing the text message on
your phone. This may affect your understanding of the message. The body
is the source of the noise.

c. Psychological Noise – It is the kind of noise coming from our own minds,
thoughts, emotions, and beliefs that prevents us from clearly receiving or
interpreting the message. Examples are bias, depression/sadness,
language barrier, emotions, etc. If you are depressed, chances are high that
you view the world differently from the rest of the people. Thus, your
thoughts interfere with the interpretation of the message. The mind is the
main source of the noise.

Examples:
A dog barking in the street – The loud sounds of vehicles (Physical)
A woman singing in a bar – Dizziness due to alcohol prevents you from
focusing on the song – (Physiological)
 A painter finishing an oil canvass – Poor eyesight of the viewer
(Physiological)
A priest doing a sermon – Individual’s lack of faith (Psychological)

7. Communicative Situation/Environment – This can be the situation,

environment or context where the communication process is happening.
Communication will not happen without the setting or context. This is the final
and last element for communication to take place. The setting, situation, and
context has direct effect in the communication process. Sometimes, the
message is directly dependent in the place where it is delivered. For instance,
it’s okay to laugh out loud in a party, however, this can be inappropriate in a
cemetery, funeral, or inside the church. Therefore, the setting/context is a vital
element in communication.

Examples:
Dog barking in the street – The busy or crowded street is the setting/context
A woman singing in a bar – The bar/party is the setting/context
A Painter finishing his oil canvass – A museum may be the appropriate setting
for the canvass
A Priest doing a sermon – The solemn ambiance of the church is the
setting/context

Learning Activity 4: SUM IT UP!

Now that you have learned the elements that comprises the communication process,
identify the elements present between students and teachers communicating through:
(Note: answer this activity in a letter size bond paper)

a. Printed Lesson Modules

1. Who is the source?
2. What is the message of the module?
3. Who is/are the receiver of the module?
4. What is/are the medium/channels used?
5. What do you think would be the feedback?
6. Identify the possible physical, physiological, and psychological noise
7. Where/what is the setting/context of this communication process?

b. Online Classes
1. Who is the source?
2. What is the message in online classes?
3. Who is/are the receiver of the message during online classes?
4. What is/are the medium/channels used?
5. What do you think would be the feedback?
6. Identify the possible physical, physiological, and psychological noise
7. Where/what is the setting/context of this communication process?