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Microcontroller

PIC microcontrollers are small, low-power computers used to control devices and systems. They are commonly used in embedded systems for applications like automotive systems, consumer electronics, and medical devices. PIC microcontrollers contain a CPU, memory, input/output ports, timers/counters, analog-to-digital converters, and serial communication interfaces on a single chip. They are designed for real-time control applications like controlling motors and sensors or collecting data from sensors. In comparison, microprocessors are standalone CPUs that require additional chips for memory and input/output, making microcontrollers less expensive and lower power options for embedded systems.

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31 views3 pages

Microcontroller

PIC microcontrollers are small, low-power computers used to control devices and systems. They are commonly used in embedded systems for applications like automotive systems, consumer electronics, and medical devices. PIC microcontrollers contain a CPU, memory, input/output ports, timers/counters, analog-to-digital converters, and serial communication interfaces on a single chip. They are designed for real-time control applications like controlling motors and sensors or collecting data from sensors. In comparison, microprocessors are standalone CPUs that require additional chips for memory and input/output, making microcontrollers less expensive and lower power options for embedded systems.

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Boi Phúc
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Microcontroller

What is PIC?
refers to family of microcontroller (small computer) → designed to control specific
devices or systems.

commonly used in embedded systems, used in a variety of applications, including


automotive system, consumer electronic, medical devices

know for low consumption, ease of use

available in a range of sizes and capabilities, with different memory sizes, clock
speed

PIC’s application
why need? ⇒
Control system → used to control motors, switches, sensors, LED, or the
example close to us is traffic light

Collection of data → collect data & process data from a variety of sensors
such as temperature, pressure, humidity

Audio → generate and process audio signals, used in application such as


instruments, sound effects or voice recognition

Security → used in encryption, authentication or access control

Components in PIC
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): This is the main component of the PIC
microcontroller, which performs arithmetic and logic operations, executes
instructions, and manages data storage and retrieval.

2. Memory: This includes both Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only
Memory (ROM). RAM is used for temporary storage of data during program
execution, while ROM contains program code and non-volatile data.

Microcontroller 1
3. Input/Output (I/O) Ports: These are used to interface with external devices, such as
sensors, actuators, and other microcontrollers. The number and type of I/O ports
vary depending on the specific PIC microcontroller model.

4. Timers/Counters: These are used to measure time intervals and perform counting
operations, and can be used for a variety of timing and control functions.

5. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC): This component is used to convert analog


signals from sensors into digital values that can be processed by the
microcontroller.

6. Serial Communication Interfaces: These are used to communicate with other


devices, such as other microcontrollers, computers, or communication networks.
Common serial communication interfaces include Universal Asynchronous
Receiver-Transmitter (UART), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), and Inter-Integrated
Circuit (I2C).

7. Oscillator: This component provides the clock signal used by the microcontroller to
synchronize its operations.

Compare with microprocessor


A microcontroller, such as a PIC, is a type of integrated circuit that contains several
components on a single chip, including a microprocessor. In contrast, a microprocessor
is a single-chip CPU that does not typically include other components such as memory,
I/O ports, or timers
Key difference

1. Integration: Microcontrollers are highly integrated systems that include a


microprocessor, memory, and various peripheral interfaces on a single chip,
whereas microprocessors are standalone CPUs that typically require additional
chips for memory and I/O interfaces.

2. Cost: Microcontrollers are typically less expensive than microprocessors because


they include multiple components on a single chip, reducing the overall component
count and cost of a system.

3. Power Consumption: Microcontrollers are designed to operate with very low power
consumption, making them ideal for battery-powered applications, whereas

Microcontroller 2
microprocessors may consume more power and require additional power
management components.

4. Real-Time Capabilities: Microcontrollers are often designed for real-time


applications, meaning they can quickly respond to input events or external stimuli,
whereas microprocessors may require additional hardware or software to achieve
real-time performance.

5. Programming: Microcontrollers typically use low-level programming languages,


such as assembly language or C, which are optimized for embedded systems, while
microprocessors are often programmed using higher-level languages such as C or
C++

Instruction cycle

Problem

draw schematic
program

Microcontroller 3

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