B.
ENG PROJECT PROPOSAL
ON
A 4S LITHIUM ION INTELLIGENT BATTERY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
BY
EDHERE PRISCELLA OROMENA
ENG1604135
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE.
NOVEMBER, 2022.
INTRODUCTION
Due to their high efficiency and high energy density, lithium-ion batteries have
been adopted for mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles. They have
been increasingly used further for various applications, such as small mobility
vehicles (electric motorcycles, golf carts, etc.), stationary batteries for HEMS
(Home Energy Management System), trucks/buses and industrial machinery.
However, they have risks of fire hazard and electric shock if being used
incorrectly. In order to use the highly efficient lithium-ion batteries safely and
effectively, a battery management system (BMS) is needed. Among the BMS,
technologies of the battery capacity estimation and the malfunction detection
are important. A battery management system (BMS) is important to secure safe
usage of Lithium ion batteries. The BMS plays the roles of: detecting
malfunctions, such as overcharge, excessive rise of temperature and electric
leak; and estimating state of charge at temperatures and in the
charging/discharging environment. Thanks to those functions of the BMS, the
lithium-ion batteries having large energy density can be used safely.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Incessant battery failure has led to the general failure of many electronic device
and electric vehicles, many of these battery failure instances could have been
avoided if only the user had a means of monitoring the individual cell of the
battery to observe the battery characteristics. Over loading and over charging of
batteries is another major cause of battery failure. Batteries without good
protection and monitoring system are likely to fail or have a short life span.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this proposed work is to design and construct an intelligent battery
management system and its objectives is as follows are:
i. To carry out research on battery management systems
ii. To produce a circuit diagram and simulation
iii. Produce a drawing of the proposed system
iv. To Design and implement the device
v. To test the battery management system
SCOPE OF THE WORK
The Scope of this work covers for a battery management system for a set of four
Li-ion batteries connected in series to give an overall voltage of 16.8V.
RELEVANCE OF THE WORK
In electric vehicle industry battery is the key source and the life, condition,
status, plays a vital role in the health of a car as well as the person driving it. We
are going to monitor different aspects of battery and how they are affected by
the condition of a battery. The several factor includes voltage, heat, and battery
leakage.
METHODOLOGY
The proposed battery management device will take advantage of a
microcontrollers ability to read analog voltage signals by internally converting
them to digital signals stored on a 10-bit data register via the aid of its built in
analog to digital converter. The proposed battery system will work with a set of
four 3.7V Li-ion batteries that can give as much as 16V when fully charged,
voltage dividers are used to scale down the voltages of the individual cell to
voltage points below 5V because voltages above this point will damage the
microcontroller. The microcontroller reads the scaled down voltages, scales
them up internally to their true value, then displays them on the LCD screen and
compares them to preset threshhold values so that it can detect abnormal
conditions such as over charging, deep discharging, abnormal battery
temperature and battery electrolyte leakages. A temperature sensor and wetness
sensor is used to monitor battery temperature and electrolyte leakages
respectively.
EXPECTED RESULTS
After the implementation of this work it is expected that an highly efficient
battery managent system will be developed. Battery usage time will be
optimised as well as the battery life span elongated. These parameters will be
tested using a battery capacity tester to ensure that the battery capacity in
Amperes-hour (Ah) is maintained over long periods of usage.
CONCLUSION
An intelligent battery management system always shows its strengths when it
comes to dynamically changing requirements in power supply in combination
with the longevity of lithium battery systems. This is the case, for example, in
the field of building technology for the control of energy-generating and -
recovering systems. Optimal control of charging speed, processor performance
and battery temperature are also relevant in the field of mobile consumer
electronics and communication technology.
