Newton's La of Moton

Point Ma- be ComBiolersd as a point mas

An okject can
distanu much
i duing moion in a given time, it tovess
areaten than its own size.

Inenha-
Ttis the property oß he bocy eluu to which the
the Change o itsel state.
body opbo.ses
Intia of a body measwd by mas o the bodly
Inetia mas

the force required to chavnge its

Hevier the body, reater s
state and henee qreater is the inertia.

Innhia has
ha not unit and no dimenitrns.
Taro body o equal im motion amd another
mam, one
is at rest, has& the same Ineha because it is a factor
of ma ony and does not dupend upon the velouty

Types o lneatia
1 Inertia of rest - Tt is the inability o a body to
change by t s e l , t s state o reet. This means aa
change b
boody arest yemains at rest and Cannot start moving
booly
by its oon.

E. A pevson who is stanoing

eely in bub, thrown backward,
whn bus starts Suclelenly
2 Ineha of Motion-
Tt i the in abiity
of h
chang by itsel its State ot uniform motion
body
Eg A porson jumps out o
a moving train may fal
forwahd.

3 Inetia of direction-
I t is he inabilty o ar
body to change by itselb its direchon o motion.
when Cat Younda
E. a goes
Cwwe suddenly , theL direction of travel
pers on siting insiole ct Towards night
isthrown outwahds

Passenger Pushed
towards left
Centritugal
Force?

4 Tnenhia of Rotahion- to
T is inability of a body
change by idsel its
Change rotational axis.

E It Keeps balance
o moving cyele
Linean Momentum
The total quantity of motion PoSsesseo by a
moving body s Known as the momentum of the body.
I is mtasuted as the þrooluct o the mass oj ob the
boody and its velocíty

Momertum mass x velouty

mV
m

It is avecor quantit and its direction is same as

the oireetion o velocitj og the body
SI Unit -

Kgm/sec. Dimen slons - C H l T ]

 Newton's Rrst_La-
Eveybody in its state oh Yest o
Continues
uni form motion along a ctraight n e , unless i s
acted upon by Some externa force to change the state.

An object at re2st Unless acted an by An object in motion

will remain at rest. an unbalanced force. will continue with
constant speed and
direction,. ..

... Unless acted on by

an unbalanced force.

FoYCe Force s that push or pul ohich ehanges or

tends to change the state o rest or of uniform moion
in a straight line.
SI Unit - Newton Dimenaions - CMUT-2

Commom Forces in Mechanics

weght weizt o a bedly is the. force with which
eanth atyacks it. Its magntuode is gien by mg
mg. Tt
Tt
is alse Knoum as qravitactiomad force

2 ReacHon or Novmal Foree yhn a body is& place

on
a rigid Swsace, then the bocdy
which is perpeneliculas to the swhfaee in contach This
experiences a force
fovce isCallud reachom or noma force.

m gs i n 4

mg cosO
mg mg
 Tenai on The forea enented by hL end ot to
or chain aainst pulling (applled) force
sting, npe
is calue the tension
The direcHon o tension is lboy
away tom the body

TF Abplied
body Force
stri

IMPORTANT PoiNTS-
Ci Ty Stina is inextenaible then the magnitudle o
accelmadion t any umber omames cennecteol
any
througn Sting isauwap ame.
(ii) I then the tension in it
same
Sthing
Shing massless
eveuohene.
a

7 TTT7777
la
M

Cii) T there is no trietHom betuean puluy and sting tun

the tension will be same on both sids oyob pully.
NOTE
Ty frictiom between
thu is
Stina and pully then, teion
all Ge diyheurt on both silu
oy puly
Sping Force-
Evey
Evey spAina reaists Gny change in its
Ltnath This Yesisthve fovce increase uith Change in
Length It is given by
by -
|F -KKx
Hee I is the Change in enath nd kis the sping
Constant
F--Kx

Nelwton's Setond La
Thelireetly
body is Yate obpropontiona
chonge o tonthe
e aexternal
mementum
force of
applied
on i t and ths chamge in momemtum takes pla in
the direction of the appliedforce.

Hence
t
OY F
F = m dv
F ma

* Newtorn's Second Lao aives the quanhitative dejinition o

forcA
APPLICATIONS OF NEWTON's
SECOND LAW OF MOTION

A cricketer lowers his hands

while catching the ball.

F Mv-u)
t
Newton's Third Law-
To evey acHon, thw is awayS an equa amd
opposite reactHon.

Th a body A exents force F on anothe body , thun

exets a reactH on force R -F om A The two
fovces a achmg along he sqnme ine.
R
Note- Action and
reacion force
acts on euferunt bodies hence they 777
newer coanu each other.
Fm
Newton's hird Law ives the natuha oh the forea
ie. forces alwasys occu in pairs.)
When you push on the wall, the wall pushes on you.

LOOK AT THE
WALL PUSHING
ON ME

Impuse-
When a Jarge force act fov
extremely short an
daion, niher the magnitude ob the force nor the time
for which acts is impovtant. In such oa ase, the total
effect ob jorce ismeasures
The tota effect ot foree i called impulse
a Jge force acts on a body for a Smal time than
Impulse = Force x
time
Pinralin
 Impuse = Fxe F
For afnite inteva o time om
t
ta mpulse
Impulse Folt t t

Note-
i For Force Tme raph impulse isequa o he
the
atua unde the Cye.

(i) From Newton's secomnd Law

or
Tmpuse T -F 4F|
Hence mpudse oh a force is. equal to the change in
momentum. It u krown as Tmpulse momertum horem'.

) T Fav is the aveage magnitudL ob the force the

t
I yolt Fv olt Fav At
Law of Cosewation of Lineas momentum
Tb no external force acts on a System(Isolated
Cemstamt mass, h e total momenturm ob h e
Sstem) of
system remains Comstant uthi'me

Fext then Pinita Pmad

The momentum before firing is zero. After firing, the net
momentum is still zero because the momentum of the
cannon is equal and opposite to the momentum of thee
cannonball.
Velocity cannon to left is negative

of cannonball to right is
Velocity
positive
(momentums cancel each other out )

Free body diagmm

Tt is a diagam ot the okject isolated trom its
Suhnoundings, with force applied to the bocly by the
vaaious othes bodies that interact with tt.

Note Forees h a t a body exents om itselk or on othe

body a nuver included in tree body diagram.

NI
M N

M
Rocket Propulsion
The initial mometum o} the rockat on its
Pad is zeD. h n it us fired, the exhaust laundhma
gases ru
wsh
downward at a igh specd and to Conserve momentum the
ocket move uupwands.

Thrust on the rockat F: - Vdm

ot m

Hee ngative sin indicades that

oivection of thrust opposite to
the direction ob escapina aases.

Accelbratien oh the rockat a =

M v
V =
Velocity o exhaust aases
ae

T a t e of ful Cmumptien : rate ot ejection o the ful

 Motion o
oh a body in i t
when mas m a body o
is placed on a weighing machine R
which is placed in a i t , hen
actual weizht ot the body is mg.
Thws foYCA ma acts on a
weighamg macwne ohich offers
a reacHon R qiun by the Teading
of weighing Machne. LIFT mg

Note-his reactíon R exeted by the swhfau o Contact

on the body J the appanint weight oh the body.

when the int is moving upwands -

Net upwad force on i t i
F R -mg
or ma R-ma
Henu appahent weight (R)A
Likt
R m (3+)
mg
Abparurt kight >Ackual Weight

2 when he iht is moving couonuand

Net doon ward forca on Ctt i
F E
m-R
0Y ma ma-R
a
Hence appanunt weignt (R) is

R m(g-a)
mg
Apparnent Weigkt < Actual wight

Note He m s m+M Mas o uft + Mas o bedyJ

Note
) Ib ikt is at rest or moving upwand or dowrwad
with Constant veoitythun a o and Rma
R mg.
Hen Appanumd weight = Actual wejpt

() T ükt is aceelerading downwovd at the rate

thon Rso.
Hence Appant Wei= o (aigatesness)

n) I itt is acceleraling dousmuvored at the rate o

a 3 than
Hence APparerd wigt is -e, tohich means t h
body wiIl rise brom the floor o th kit and
stick to the ceiling o the kt.

Notx
'a' A
ift
39T f t u, retaraation. work TET E T acceluration
divechion E it 6t veloei ty opposite t ETdt ëj

a = 0
LGreater than
normal weight
Less than
normal weight
Normal
weight
Zero weigh
 Accelenaien o Block on Hotzont Smooth 6uhace

i whan a pull is hoHzmtal-

a
Her R mg and F= ma F

7T TT7
a
ma
i) whun a pull is acing at an angle to the horizontal-

R+FSine = m
AR
FSine
0Y R ma-FSine
and F CoA ma
m FCos
77777
a FCose 77777TT

Smeoth incined Plane

Acceleraiom oh Block on
w h n incined plane is at Rest
Normal Reaciom R macose
Fore om objeet along the
incined plane mgsine
F ma sine mgCo
or ma mg Sine
ma
a Sin®
Cii) whun incined plane is gien a
hoizmta
accelnobon °b
Since +he body ies in an
accelnating grame , an initia R mbCos
fovee mb) achs on it in he
opposite direchon.
m-
Normal Rsaction masine
b
R macese +mbsine
ane ma Mgese
F ma masinb -mbCoso
a = asin8 - bCose

Note- Th Condition for the body to be at rest reladhue

to the inclined plane thot a o.
Hence a = 3Sin 9 - bcose

' b tant
 Inuial Frame oh Teheunca .

A accelnating rame rekun ta is Callud

non-
an intnial Ararne o reprunce. A frame o) rephan
movimg
movma with a Comdtunt wlocity is an inuticd frame
Yehouna
Non- inutial Frame oh Yehunca-
An accelurating frame o rehrenta is Callud a
non- inial frume o reunc

Note A rotading frome oh reherunu is a non- inerhia

ame Yenca because it is also on accelatung
ont Cerdipeta accelralion).

Pseudo Fovcu foru du inutia) -

Pseuclo forca is a pusically apparunt but non
existentfore felt by an observer ina noninertid
Hhod
frame (ca frame uncungoing accelnation)
Peudlo
Pseudo force is not a rtal forca. When we draw
a tee baaly diagram o ama%, with Yespect to
an intia rame oh rejpnena, then we apply ony
the real forces.Forus which ane actualuy actng
On the mas)

But whn a r booy dicgram is crawn fo

a non-inuntial trame oh reheune a "Pseudo foree
Cin addition to all real horus ) has to be applied
to make the equatiom F ma Valic In this

frame also.
Note- In case o rotatina rame o Yehpunu his
Pseualo forca ds Calle h centhifugod fora whn
applied for Centripttad accelerotion.

Examples-
N-a=ma
a
m Pseudo forc

m
T mr (Cevctvifugal fru)

Cenhripeta accelraion = YuJ

Pseuolo force"

From non-inutin kram

IN
ANCos6
ob reana (Welge)
NSine = ma
NSin
ma
F a (Pseudo force
M ma

Fron nan- inuial pame o

a
Yehenca Can)
TCosO TSin ma

ma TSine
Vmg Psuoo fore
 Motion of Blocks in Cortact
Condition Free body dagram Equatlon Force and acceleratlon

F-f = ma a
m m +m2

mF
f=ma m +m22

F
F- =ma a
m+m2+m3
B

h-2 ma
m +m2+ ma

mgF
S2 maa
J2m +m2+ ms

Motion of Blockks Comnectesd by Mass less shing

Cond tion Free body dagram Equatlon Tenslon and acceleratlon

F
F-T=ma a
m+m2
B

T ma T=. mF
2 m+m2

F
|T Tma a
m+m2 +ms

C
m
T-7ma T m+m2+ms

F-T2maa T= +m)F
m+m2 +m
 Motion op Comnected Block over a
puulley
pulluy

Conditon Free body diagram Equetlon Tenelon and acceleratlon

ma T-m8 T m+m2
2m2g
mig
Ta
PA

T maama9-71 T2 4mm2g
m +m2
T
1
tT2
B
Ta-27 Lm+m2 J
T T

ma T-mig T 2mmg +ma

m +m2 +m3
mig

Ta T
Pra 2mma
maa m2g+T2-1T2 - m+ma +mg-g
T ma9+ T2
T
A
maa mss-12 Ta4hm2 +ml
m+m2+mg
BT mg

T
a=m+ms)-mhlg
T 2T m +m2 + mg

T T
 Condition Free body diagram Equation Tenelon and acceleratlon

T m, a ma
Am
m +m2

T m
B
ma = mg-T m +m2
ma

a
ma-my stne
mg sin T- mg sin e
ma
Lm +m

8 T l+sin 0)
maa= m2g-T
m +m2

T- mgsin a
mig sina
ma sin8-m sina).
m +m2

myamagsin B-T T hlaina+sin )

B sin

Pullys-
ThL problems based on Pulls becomes very
very
ea
easy wing pulling fore mthool.
Net Aullina force
Accelnation o he Sstem
Total mas to be pulle
 wwvMm
Note- L
t y r e Qustions yeE ta
accelunotion oh blocks relotiveto
a,T
pully 'al, calulatu d t I
T System 45T acceleroatuon zTÝ
divection according Acdd T
LLLLA
Sulstract * t d
ST FBD eqwotions T

T e sihy question ) Solve

(aa. T la-a)

Mechanic Advardage
The Tatio f h e forca praducud by a machine
to the forca aPlicd to ii, is Called mtahanicad
advantage o th machine. It is ued in assessinga-
the pe sormance o a machine .

Mechanica Alvandage = Ouput fore

Tnput forca

A Fovce 2T ma
T T

Force Fin T
He
M.A.
Fin
Fos Fin M. A. 2

M.A.