HAMAR BOARDING SCHOOL
DUGSIGA HOYGA XAMAR
Tel: 0611550707 /0618699909/0613550707/ 877681
Mogadishu, Somalia
BIOLOGY – FORM CHAPTER ONE: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Q1. What is a Nervous System?
Ans: Nervous system is a highly organized network of cells that detects changes and controls
metabolic processes, mental and physical activities and maintains homeostasis.
Q2. What is the function of Nervous System?
Ans: The functions of Nervous System are:
1) It receives information about environment and other parts of the body.
2) It interprets the information it received.
3) It makes body to response the information.
Q3. What does nervous system is made up?
Ans: The nervous system is made up billions of highly specialized cells called neurons
Q4. What is the other name of neurons?
Ans: The other name of neurons are called nerve cells.
Q5. What does the nervous tissue is composed of?
Ans: the nervous tissue is composed of
Neurons (Nerve cells)
Neuroglia (Glia or Glial cells)
Q6.Define neurons?
Ans: Neurons are the working units of the nervous system that generate and transmit never
impulses.
Q7. What is the function of neuroglia?
Ans: They support and protect the nerve cells.
Q8. Name three main regions of neurons?
Ans: three main regions of neurons
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Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Q9. What is the function of dendrites?
Ans: Dendrites receive signals called impulses from sense organs or other neurons and conduct
the impulses to the cell body.
Q10. What is the function of an axon?
Ans: Axon carries the nerve impulse from the cell body to other neurons and
effectors such as muscles and glands.
Q11. Define myelin sheath?
Ans: Myelin sheath is a fatty material that wraps around nerve cell projections.
Q12. What is the other name for myelin sheath?
Ans: Modulated sheath or medullary sheath
Q13. Differentiate between Neurons that have myelin and Neurons lack myelin sheath?
Neurons that have myelin: carries impulses that associated with sharp pain.
Neuron that do not have myelin: sheath carries impulses that associated with dull and
throbbing pain.
Q14. How we classify neurons?
Ans: we can classify neurons into:
According to number of dendrites that arise from the cell body.
According to direction of impulse conduction.
Q15. State types of neurons according to number of dendrites that arise from
the cell body?
Ans: types of neurons according to number of dendrites that arise from the cell body:
An anoxic neuron
Unipolar neuron
Bipolar neuron
Multipolar neuron
Q16. Tell types of neurons according to direction of impulse conduction? Ans: types of
neurons according to direction of impulse conduction are:
Sensory neuron
Relay neuron
Motor neuron
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Q17. What are the functions of a) sensory neurons b) motor neurons c)
relay neurons?
Ans: the functions of following are:
Sensory neurons: get information about what is going on inside and outside of the body
and bring that information into the brain or spinal cord.
Motor neurons: get information from the brain or spinal cord and convey commands to
the effector organs such as muscles or glands.
Relay neurons: receive information from other neurons and transmit information to
other neurons.
Q18. Which neuron takes the information from the eye to the brain?
Ans: A neuron takes the information from the eye to the brain is sensory neurons
Q19. Which neuron takes the information from the brain to the effector organ? Ans:
Motor neurons
Q20. Differentiate between a) Endoneurium b) perineurium c) epineurium?
Endoneurim is a delicate tissue, surrounding each individual fibre.
Perineurium is a smooth connective tissue, surrounding each bundle of fibre.
Epineurium is the fibrous tissue which surrounds and encloses a number of bundles of
nerve fibres.
Q21. Define Nerve impulse?
A nerve impulse is an electrical charge traveling the length of a neuron.
Q22. Differentiate between Resting Potential and Action Potential?
Ans: A non-conducting nerve fibre is described to be in a resting potential. Ans:
An action potential is a localized change in the resting membrane potential
between inside and outside of the nerve fibre caused by a stimulus.
Q23. Define threshold?
Ans: Threshold is the minimum stimulus to cause an action potential to be produced.
Q24. What is synapse?
Ans: A synapse is a junction between dendrites of two adjacent neurons.
Q25. What is the function of synapse?
Ans: It allows the transmission of a nerve impulse from neuron to neuron
Q26. Define Synaptic cleft?
Ans: Synaptic cleft- is a gap between the two neurons in the synapse.
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Q27. What is a Synaptic knobs?
Ans: A Synaptic knobs is the end axon of presynaptic neuron breaks into minute branches that
terminate in small swelling called Synaptic knobs
Q28. What are the neurotransmitters?
Ans: Neurotransmitters are chemicals that the body makes to relay messages between neurons
and other cells.
Q29. What is also called neurotransmitters?
Ans: Chemical transmitter or chemical messenger
Q30. State some examples of neurotransmitters?
Ans: some examples of neurotransmitters are:
1) Acetylcholine
2) Gamma-aminobutyric acid
3) Dopamine 4) Norepinephrine
Q31. What the two major division of nervous system consist?
Ans: the two major division of nervous system consist are:
The central nervous system
The peripheral nervous
Q32. What are the main parts of central nervous system?
Ans: the main parts of central nervous system are:
The brain
The spinal cord
Q33. What is the peripheral nervous system consist of?
Ans: the peripheral nervous system consist of are:
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Q34. Define meninges?
Ans: Meninges are membranous connective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord.
Q35. What are the layers of the meninges?
Ans: the layers of the meninges are:
1) The dura mater: is the tough outer membrane covering the brain and spinal cord.
2) The pia mater: is the innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord.
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3) The arachnoid mater: is a layer of fibrous tissue that lies between the dura and pia
maters.
Q36. What is the Function of Cerebrospinal fluid?
Ans: Cerebrospinal fluid is a fluid from which oxygen and nutrients diffuse into the brain
cells and protect the brain and spinal cord. Q37. Define brain?
Ans: Brain is the one of the most important organs of the human body.
Q38. Name four portions (parts) of the brain?
1. The cerebrum
2. The diencephalon (Thalamus and Hypothalamus)
3. The brain stem (Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata)
4. The cerebellum Q39. Define cerebrum?
Ans: Cerebrum is the largest and most complex parts of the brain and constitutes about 90% of
the brain’s volume.
Q40. Define Corpus callosum?
Ans: Corpus callosum is thick bundle of nerve fibres that connects the left side of the
brain to the right side.
Q41. What does the superficial part of the cerebrum composed of?
Ans: The superficial part of the cerebrum composed of nerve cells (grey matter) forming the
cerebral cortex.
Q42. Name the four lobes of cerebrum?
1) Frontal lobe 3) Occipital lobe
2) Parietal lobe 4) Temporal lobe
Q43. List the three main types of activities associated with the cerebral cortex?
1) Higher order functions
2) Sensory perception
3) Initiation and control
Q44. What is the function of the diencephalon?
Ans: It connects the cerebrum and the midbrain.
Q45. What are the four parts of the diencephalon?
Ans: The thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus.
Q46. What does the thalamus consist of?
Ans: Thalamus consist of two masses of grey matter and white matter.
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Q47. Where is situated the thalamus?
Ans: Thalamus is situated with in the cerebral hemisphere just below the
corpus callosum.
Q48.What is the function of the thalamus?
Ans: Relays and redistributes impulses from most parts of the brain to
the cerebral cortex.
Q49. Define hypothalamus?
Ans: The hypothalamus is a small but crucial part of the brain.
It controls several important functions, including sleep and growth.
Q50. Where is situated the hypothalamus?
Ans: Hypothalamus is situated below and in front of the thalamus and immediately
above the pituitary gland.
Q51. List the functions of the hypothalamus?
Ans: the functions of the hypothalamus
1) It controls: the output of hormones from pituitary gland.
2) It controls: the autonomic nervous system
3) It control: Appetite and satiety
4) It control: Thirst and water balance
5) It control: Body temperature
6) It control: Emotional reactions such as pleasure, fear, and rage. 7) It control: Sexual
behaviour and child rearing 8) It control: Sleeping and waking cycle.
Q52. What does brain stem consists of?
Ans: the brain stem consists of:
1) Midbrain
2) Pons
3) Medulla oblonga
Q53-Define midbrain?
Ans: Midbrain is the area of the brain situated between the cerebrum above and the
pons below.
Q54. What is the function of midbrain?
Ans: the function of midbrain
1. It connects the cerebrum with lower parts of the brain and with the spinal cord.
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2. It also processes in visual and auditory information.
Q55. Where is situated pons?
Ans: The pons is situated in front of the cerebellum, below the midbrain and above
the medulla.
Q56. What is the function of the pons? Ans:
the function of the pons are
1. It connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum.
2. It also connects the higher levels of the brain and the spinal cord.
Q57. What is a medulla oblongata?
Ans: Is the most interior region of the brain stem extending from the pons above, it is
continuous with the spinal cord below.
Q58. What is the function of medulla oblongata? Ans:
the function of medulla oblongata are:
1. It transmitting signals between the spinal cord and the higher parts of the brain.
2. It controlling autonomic reflex activity cardiovascular centre, respiratory centre, and
reflex centres of (vomiting, coughing, sneezing and swallowing).
Q59. Where is cerebellum situated?
Ans: The cerebellum is situated behind the pons and immediately below the posterior portion of
the cerebrum.
Q60. Where is the white matter of the cerebellum located?
Ans: Located underneath the cerebellar cortex.
Q61. Where is the Grey matter of the cerebellum located?
Ans: Grey matter – located on the surface of the cerebellum.
Q62 State the functions of the cerebellum? Ans: the functions of the cerebellum are:
1. It controls and coordinates the movements of various groups of muscles ensuring
smooth, even, precise actions.
2. It coordinates activities associated with the maintenance of posture, balance
and equilibrium
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