L-8 The Circulatory System
A. Multiple choice type:
1. (a) Lymphocytes and monocytes
2. (b) Phagocytosis
3. (d) Heart itself
4. © Artery
5. (b) Renal artery
6. (b) Chest pain due to inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart
muscle
7. (d) Destroy pathogens
8. © Closure of atrioventricular and semilunar valves
B. Very short answer type:
1. (a) Blood clotting (b) Phagocytosis (c) Transport of respiratory
gases
(d) Produce antibodies (e) Produce RBCs and WBCs
2. (a) Red blood cells (b) Blood platelets
3. (a) Hepatic portal vein (b) Capillaries (c) Pulmonary artery
(d) White blood cells (e) Venules (f) Portal vein (g) Atrial
systole
(h) Tricuspid valve (i) Ventricular diastole/Atrial systole (j)
Pericardial fluid
4. (a) Hepatic portal vein (b) Artery (c) Pocket-shaped valve (d)
Heparin
5. (a) Semilunar valves (b) Liver
6. (i) Loss of nucleus makes RBCs biconcave, thus increasing their
surface area volume ratio for absorbing more oxygen.
(ii) Loss of mitochondria means that RBCs cannot use oxygen for
themselves. Thus, all oxygen absorbed from lungs is transported and delivered
to the tissues unconsumed.
C. Short answer type:
1. White blood cells and Red blood cells
White blood cells Red blood cells
1 WBCs are amoeboid. 1 RBCs are minute biconcave
disk-like structures.
2 They are nucleated cells. 2 They are enucleated cells.
3 Haemoglobin is absent. 3 Haemoglobin is present.
2. During blood transfusion, it is necessary to know the blood groups
before transfusion because it is important that blood groups of donor
and recipient are compatible. In case of incompatible blood
transfusion, the recipient develops antibodies that attack the
antigens present on the RBCs of donor causing blood cells to clump
together which may result in death.
3. (a) Antibodies are produced by Lymphocytes while Antibiotics are
produced by bacteria.
(b) Serum is the plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed
while Vaccine is killed or weakened germs which are introduced in
the body to produce antibodies against pathogen.
© Erythrocytes transport respiratory gases while Leukocytes protect
the body from infection.
(d) Tricuspid valve is present between right auricle and right ventricle
while Bicuspid valve is present between left auricle and left ventricle.
4. The first sound LUBB is produced when atrio-ventricular valves i.e.
tricuspid and bicuspid valves close at the start of ventricular systole.
The second heart sound DUP is produced at the beginning of
ventricular diastole, when pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close.
5. People have common belief that heart is located on the left side of
the chest because the narrow end of the roughly triangular heart is pointed to
the left side and during its working, the contraction of heart is more powerful
on left side which can be felt.
6. (a) Pacemaker (b) Sickle cell anaemia (c) Purkinje fibres (d)
Serum
(e) Cardiac muscle (f) 0.85 sec (g) Plasma
7.
Substance From To
1 Oxygen Lungs Whole body
2 Carbon dioxide Whole body Lungs
3 Urea Liver Kidneys
4 Digested Intestine Liver
carbohydrates
5 Hormones Endocrine Target organs
glands
D. Descriptive type:
1. (a) Circulatory system is the system that circulates blood and lymph
through the body, consisting of the heart, blood, lymph and
lymphatic vessels and glands.
(b) Blood is the red coloured fluid that flows throughout the body
inside the blood vessels.
(c) Heart is a muscular organ that controls the flow of blood in the
body.
(d) Diapedesis is the process by which WBCs can squeeze through the
walls of the capillaries into the tissues.
(e) Phagocytosis is the process by which certain living cells called
phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles.
(f) Rh factor is an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood
cells.
2. (a) Systole and Diastole
Systole Diastole
It is the contraction phase It is the relaxation phase of
of heart. the heart.
(b) Arteriole and Venule
Arteriole Venule
It is the smallest branch ofIt is the smallest united
the artery. common branch that join to
form larger vein.
(c) Universal donor and Universal recipient
Universal donor Universal recipient
A person with O type blood A person with AB blood group
group who can donate ,who can receive donated
blood to recipients of any blood of any ABO blood
ABO blood group. group.
(d) Arteries and Veins
Arteries Veins
These are the vessels that Veins are the vessels that
carry blood away from the carry blood towards the heart.
heart.
3. (a) The right ventricle pumps blood only up to the lungs for
oxygenation. But the left ventricle pumps blood up to the farthest points in the
body against gravity, and so its walls are thicker.
(b) The walls of right ventricle are thicker than those of the right auricle
because right ventricle has to pump blood up to the lungs for oxygenation
against gravity. But right auricle pumps its blood into the ventricles lying below
them and towards gravity.
(c) Vitamin K acts as a catalyst that transforms some anticlotting
proteins, which are always present, into clotting proteins when there is a cut or
wound to the body.
4. (a) Tonsils: They tend to localize the infection and prevent it from
spreading to the body as a whole.
(b) Spleen: It acts like a blood reservoir in case of emergency.
(c) Hepatic portal vein: It carries the food absorbed by the stomach and
intestine to the liver for storage.
(d) Basophils: They release histamine for inflammation which dilate
blood vessels.
(e) S.A.N.: The impulse which starts the heart beat arises in the SA node.
5. Blood flows twice in the heart before it completes one full round: 1. the
short pulmonary circulation and 2. the long systemic circulation. This type of
circulation is known as double circulation.
Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation
1 Pulmonary circulation 1 Systemic circulation pertains
pertains to the lungs. to the major circulation in the
body.
2 It starts in the 2 It starts with the aorta.
pulmonary artery.
6. The main steps in the coagulation of blood are:
7. The functions of blood plasma are:
i) Transport of digested food from the alimentary canal to the tissues.
ii) Transport of excretory material from the tissues to the liver, kidney or the
skin for elimination.
iii) Distribution of hormones secreted by endocrine glands directly into the
blood.
iv) Distribute heat to maintain body temperature.
8. Functions of blood:
i) Transport of digested food from the alimentary canal to the tissues.
ii) Transport of excretory material from the tissues to the liver, kidney or the
skin for elimination.
iii) Distribution of hormones secreted by endocrine glands directly into the
blood.
iv) Distribute heat to maintain body temperature.
v) Transport respiratory gases.
E. Structured/Application/Skill type:
1. (a) 1 Red blood cell (RBC) 2 White blood cell (WBC) 3 Blood
platelets
4 Plasma
(b)
Red blood cells White blood cells
1 They are biconcave disc-like 1 They are amoeboid.
structures.
2 They do not have nucleus. 2 They have nucleus.
(c) 1 Red blood cells helps in transport of respiratory gases.
2 White blood cells protect the body against infections.
3 Blood platelets help n clotting of blood.
(d) Life span of RBCs is 120 days.
(e) Fibrinogen.
2. (a) The structure 3 represents the heart. It forms the centre of
double circulation and is located between the liver and the heart.
(b)
Aorta 5
Hepatic portal vein 7
Pulmonary artery 1
Superior vena cava 9
Renal vein 8
Stomach 10
3. (a) A- Artery B- Vein C- Capillary
(b) 1- External layer (connective tissue) 2- Lumen 3- Middle layer
(Smooth muscles and elastic fibres) 4- Endothelium (Tunica interna)
(c)
Artery Vein
1 They have thick 1 They have thin muscular
muscular walls. walls.
2 Lumen is narrow. 2 Lumen is wide.
(d) A (Artery) - Oxygenated blood.
B (Vein) - Deoxygenated blood.
(e) Capillaries.
4. (a) Ventricular systole/Atrial diastole.
(b) Ventricles are contracting because both atrio-ventricular valves
are closed and semilunar valves are open.
(c) 1- Pulmonary artery 2- Aorta 3- Pulmonary vein 4- Left
auricle
5- Left ventricle 6- Right ventricle.
(d) 1 (pulmonary artery) - Deoxygenated blood.
2 (aorta) - Oxygenated blood.
(e) Two valves are closed.
5. (a) Red blood cells.
(b) Diapedesis.
(c)
Red blood cells White blood cells
1 They are biconcave disc-like 1 They are amoeboid.
structures.
2 They do not have nucleus. 2 They have nucleus.
(d) The process occurring in B and C is phagocytosis. In this process,
WBCs engulf foreign particles and destroy them, thus preventing the
occurrence of disease.
6. (a) 1- Arteriole 2- Artery 3- Venule 4- Capillaries 5- Vein.
(b) In lungs.
7. (a) Tissue fluid.
(b) Red blood cells.
(c) Lymph.
(d) Functions of Lymph:
i) Supplies nutrition and oxygen to those parts where blood cannot
reach.
ii) It helps in the absorption of fats from the intestine.
