MONITOR OF A COMPUTER

Contents: : Contents: History of a Monitor Screen size Display Resolution Performance measurements Problems Display interfaces Modern technology Additional features History Of a Monitor : History Of a Monitor Until the early 1980's most monitors were terminals. They were boxy video display terminals (VDT's) combined with an attached keyboard. A terminal could be configured to work with just about any computer on the market. Terminals were attached to computers by a serial interface. In those days, the VDT was commonly referred to as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube). Apple II computers and the early game machines hooked to a monitor not a terminal. These monitors - unlike terminals - looked like television sets without the tuner. Then IBM came out with PC-DOS computers, which were dubbed "three-piece computers. Screen Size : Screen Size The size of an approximately rectangular display is usually given as the distance between two opposite screen corners, that is, the diagonal of the rectangle. This method of measurement is inherited from the method used for the first generation of CRT television, when picture tubes with circular faces were in common use. Display Resolution : Display Resolution The display resolution of a digital or display device is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. One use of the term display resolution applies to fixed-pixel-array displays such as plasma display panels (PDPs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), Digital Light Processing (DLP) projectors Performance measurements : Performance measurements The performance of a monitor is measured by the following parameters: Luminance is measured in candelas per square meter (cd/m2 also called a Nit). Viewable image size is measured diagonally. For CRTs, the viewable size is typically 1 in (25 mm) smaller than the tube itself. Problems : Problems Phosphor burn-in: Phosphor burn-in is localized aging of the phosphor layer of a CRT screen where it has displayed a static bright image for many years. This results in a faint permanent image on the screen, even when turned off. In severe cases, it can even be possible to read some of the text, though this only occurs where the displayed text remained the same for years. Slide 8: Glare: Glare is a problem caused by the relationship between lighting and screen, or by using monitors in bright sunlight. Matte finish LCDs and flat screen CRTs are less prone to reflected glare than conventional curved CRTs or glossy LCDs, and aperture grille CRTs, which are curved on one axis only and are less prone to it than other CRTs curved on both axes. If the problem persists despite moving the monitor or adjusting lighting, a filter using a mesh of very fine black wires may be placed on the screen to reduce glare and improve contrast. These filters were popular in the late 1980s[citation needed]. They do also reduce light output. Display Interfaces : Display Interfaces Digital monitors Early digital monitors are sometimes known as TTLs because the voltages on the red, green, and blue inputs are compatible with TTL logic chips. Later digital monitors support LVDS, or TMDS protocols. Slide 10: TTL monitors Monitors used with the MDA, Hercules, CGA, and EGA graphics adapters used in early IBM PC's (Personal Computer) and clones were controlled via TTL logic. Such monitors can usually be identified by a male DB-9 connector used on the video cable. Slide 11:

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Single color screens Display colors other than white were popular on monochrome monitors in the 1980s. These colors were more comfortable on the eye. This was particularly an issue at the time due to the lower refresh rates in use at the time causing flicker, plus the use of less comfortable color schemes than used with most of today's software. Green screens were the most popular color, with amber displays also available. "Paper white" was also in use, which was a warm white. Modern technology : Modern technology Analog monitors Most modern computer displays can show the various colors of the RGB color space by changing red, green, and blue analog video signals in continuously variable intensities. These have been almost exclusively progressive scan since the middle 1980s. While many early plasma and liquid crystal displays have exclusively analog connections, all signals in such monitors pass through a completely digital section prior to display. While many similar connectors (13W3, BNC, etc) were used on other platforms, the IBM PC and compatible systems long ago standardized on the VGA connector. Slide 13: Digital and analog combination The first popular external digital monitor connectors, such as DVI-I and the various breakout connectors based on it, included both analog signals compatible with VGA and digital signals compatible with new flat-screen displays in the same connector. Slide 14: Multiple monitors More than one monitor can be attached to the same device. Each display can operate in two basic configurations: The simpler of the two is mirroring (sometimes cloning,) in which at least two displays are showing the same image. It is commonly used for presentations. Hardware with only one video output can be tricked into doing this with an external splitter device, commonly built into many video projectors as a pass through connection. Slide 15: Multiple video sources Multiple devices can be connected to the same monitor using a video switch. In the case of computers, this usually takes the form of a "Keyboard Video Mouse switch" (KVM) switch, which is designed to switch all of the user interface devices for a workstation between different computers at once. Additional features : Additional features Power saving Most modern monitors will switch to a power-saving mode if no video-input signal is received. This allows modern operating systems to turn off a monitor after a specified period of inactivity. This also extends the monitor's service life. Some monitors will also switch themselves off after a time period on standby. Most modern laptops provide a method of screen dimming after periods of inactivity or when the battery is in use. This extends battery life and reduces wear. Slide 17: Integrated accessories Many monitors have other accessories (or connections for them) integrated. This places standard ports within easy reach and eliminates the need for another separate hub, camera, microphone, or set of speakers. Glossy screen Some displays, especially newer LCD monitors, replace the traditional anti-glare matte finish with a glossy one. This increases saturation and sharpness but reflections from lights and windows are very visible. Slide 18: Directional screen Narrow viewing angle screens are used in some security conscious applications. Autopolyscopic screen A directional screen which generates 3D images without headgear. Touch screen These monitors use touching of the screen as an input method. Items can be selected or moved with a finger.

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