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A R C H 117 History, Theory and Criticism II
Ar. Sheena Marie R. Franco, uap, rmp
PHILIPPINE
A r c h i t e c t u r e
Introduction to
Outline
• Styles that Influenced Philippine Architecture
• Filipino Architects and their Masterpieces
• National Artists for Architecture
MODULE 1: Defining Philippine Architecture
Styles that Influenced
Philippine
Architecture
Defining
Philippine
Architecture
Renaissance
The rebirth of Classical orders, symmetry, proportion
and harmony
• Period originated in Italy from 1400 to 1600
• Revival in terms of thoughts, arts, and architecture
• Features include the use of columns, pediments,
arches, and domes
Catholic
Churches
in
the
Visayas
Catholic
Churches
in
the
Visayas
Quiapo Church, Manila San Diego Pro Cathedral, Silay
Silay
City
Ancestral
Houses
Silay
City
Ancestral
Houses
Silay
City
Ancestral
Houses
Baroque
Ornamentation is above and beyond
• 1600 to 1725 CE
• Italy, France, Germany, and Russia
• Rich and dense decoration and layers of
architectural elements
The Four Baroque Churches
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Philippines
• SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH, Manila
• PAOAY CHURCH, Ilocos Norte
• MIAG-AO CHURCH, Iloilo City
• SANTA MARIA CHURCH, Ilocos Sur
SAN
AGUSTIN
CHURCH,
I
n
t
r
a
m
u
r
o
s
,
M
a
n
i
l
a
• Oldest Church in the Philippines
• It was the only church to survive the
devastations within Intramuros during
the 1945 Liberation of Manila
• Characterized by four monumental
columns placed in between two heavily
carved wooden entrance doors
• Rose window in the central pediment
• The only church in the country that
housed a barrel vault ceiling with
trompe l’oeil treatment above the
nave.
PAOAY
CHURCH,
I
l
o
c
o
s
N
o
r
t
e
• Earthquake Baroque
• Heavily carved and decorated façade
• the high stone, coral, or brick wall
reinforced by the fourteen (14)
buttresses on the side to support the
structure from collapsing during
earthquakes
• Double volute motif tapering from the
ground-up forming a double S-shaped
curve topped by a pyramidal finial
buttresses
• The distant bell tower resembles
Chinese craftsmanship with a tapering
pagoda form using cut stone
MIAG-AO
CHURCH,
I
l
o
i
l
o
C
i
t
y
• Made of yellow-orange sandstone
• The central façade and pediment
contains a Filipino Saint Christopher
carrying an infant Christ while holding
on to a coconut tree
• The side portion of the church is
supported by massively flanked
buttresses in the event of earthquakes
SANTA
MARIA
CHURCH,
I
l
o
c
o
s
S
u
r
• The church complex is accessed by a
flight of 85 granite-step stairs
• A separate octagonal tapering brick
bell tower topped off by a semi-
circular dome and a finial was situated
on the edge of a hill which gives an
impression of a church fortress
• Its façade is defined by a sway back and
semi-circular pediment ending on two
massive round pillars on each side
Neoclassicism
Bringing Greek & Roman Influences to the USA
Government Buildings
• Europe and North America
• 1750 to 1850 CE
• American Colonial Architecture
Manila
Central
Post
Office
Building
Designed by Juan Arellano and Tomas Mapua
Manila
Central
Post
Office
Building
Manila
Central
Post
Office
Building
Bacolod
City
Hall
Art Deco
Designing skyscrapers with touch of gothic elements
• 1920s to 1940s
• Stylized, highly geometric and simplified Greek and
Roman elements
• Concrete, glass, and metal
Manila
Metropolitan
Theater
Manila
Metropolitan
Theater
Far
Eastern
University
Admin
Building
International Style/Modern
Devoid of regional characteristics
• Simple geometric forms, large untextured surfaces
(often white), large areas of glass, and general use of
steel or reinforced concrete construction
• 1930s to 1960s
Cultural
Center
of
the
Philippines
Parish
of
the
Holy
Sacrifice
National
Arts
Center
Post-Modern
• 1980s onwards
• Uses elements from earlier periods (arches and
columns) but reinterprets them in a different way
