TOPIC: USE MODALS TO EXPRESS PERMISSION,
OBLIGATION & PROHIBITION 1. PERMISSION (CAN, COULD and MAY to ask and give
permission.)
REVIEW ON VERBS
Kinds of verb Examples a. CAN is used to ask for and give permission.
ACTION VERB: Kurt loves his mother very much. Can you help me?
LINKING VERB: I am strong. You can borrow my pen.
They were in the same section last year.
HELPING VERB: I am running in the hallway. b. COULD (polite and formal)
She can do a lot of things when alone. I could ask my mom to cook spaghetti for us.
Could you lend me your book?
Directions. Identify the HELPING VERBS in each sentence.
1. Patricia was in grade 8 last year. c. MAY (most polite and formal)
2. Joseph was walking to school yesterday. May I speak madam?
3. May I speak, Sir? Teachers may now distribute the modules to the learners.
4. He must submit his assignment now.
5. Senior citizens don’t have to fall in line. d. MIGHT (most polite and formal)
Might I just ask one question?
MODAL VERBS You might just call me Jane if you don't mind, please?
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
can cannot can’t
could could not couldn’t 2. PROHIBITION is disallowing someone to do something.
have to / has to do not have to / don’t have to / CAN’T and MUST NOT/MUSTN’T
does not have to doesn’t have to
may may not a. CAN’T is used in dealing with something against rules, laws
might might not mightn’t and signs. The speaker is not the one who sets the rules.
must must not mustn’t You can’t go out during the community quarantine.
should should not shouldn’t Seventeen years old and below can’t buy any alcoholic
ought to ought not to oughtn’t beverages.
Let’s learn the Sentence Pattern (S-V-V) b. MUST NOT/MUSTN’T The speaker sets the rules.
AFFIRMATIVE SUBJECT – MODAL VERB – MAIN VERB You must not turn off your camera during online class.
: Mustn’t you eat the candies inside the fridge?
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT – MODAL VERB – NOT – MAIN VERB May I borrow your book, please?
QUESTION: MODAL VERB – SUBJECT – MAIN VERB
Examples:
Kody must call the police after the incident. 3. OBLIGATION. HAVE TO (HAS TO) and MUST to express
Kody mustn’t call the police after the incident. obligation.
Must Kody call the police after the incident? (Is he obliged?)
a. HAS/HAVE TO (The obligation is set by an authority, rule or
PRACTICE 1. Directions. Write the correct form of the verbs. law.)
I have to be in school before 12:00 in the afternoon.
1 Janine has to prepare for her exams. She has to submit her report on time.
AFFIRMATIVE:
.
NEGATIVE: b. MUST (Expressing obligation comes from the speaker or
from an authority.)
QUESTION:
I must call my mother now.
2 We must finish the performance task on time.
AFFIRMATIVE:
.
NEGATIVE: c. SHOULD suggests personal obligation. Weaker than “must”.
QUESTION: Can Martin use the computer? We should patronize Philippine products.
Locals should guide tourists in their area.
3
AFFIRMATIVE:
. d. OUGHT TO suggests moral obligation.
NEGATIVE: I couldn’t come today. That child ought to be in bed.
QUESTION: Men and women ought to be able to compete for jobs on
an equal footing.
NO OBLIGATION. DON’T (DOESN’T) HAVE TO is used to
express no obligation.
MODALS are used to express She doesn’t have to attend the class if she is not feeling
well.
PERMISSION, OBLIGATION, You don’t have to come to my office in person. You may
and PROHIBITION. submit it online.
PRACTICE 2. Directions: Identify the expression of following sentences. Write PERMISSION, OBLIGATION, or PROHIBITION in each
blank.
________ 1. We must keep our classroom clean and neat.
________ 2. The manager might speak to you in a while.
________ 3. Can I use your phone?
________ 4. Children mustn’t go to cafeteria during the class.
________ 5. He doesn’t have to bring books.
PRACTICE 3. Directions: Give the correct form of the Modal Verbs with the expression being asked.
Example:
OBLIGATION Martha _____ come home before 6 o’clock in the evening.
a. have to b. don’t have to c. has to d. mustn’t
Answer: c.
1. OBLIGATION: We _____ to leave the store before it closes.
a. must b. has to c. have to d. should
2. PERMISSION: You _____ bring your shoes inside Madam.
a. can’t b. could c. may not d. have to
3. PROHIBITION: Tourists _____ enter the museum on Mondays.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. has to d. doesn’t have to
4. OBLIGATION: You _____ drink water. You look dehydrated.
a. must b. has to c. have to d. should
5. PROHIBITION: You _____ use the children pool. You’re a young adult.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. have to d. doesn’t have to
SEATWORK 2. MODALS
A. Directions: Identify the expression in each sentence. Write Permission, Obligation, or Prohibition in the blanks. (5 Points)
________ 1. Drivers can’t go through a red traffic light.
________ 2. Rita doesn’t have to do homework on weekends.
________ 3. Could I speak with you in private?
________ 4. Sir, may I see my grades?
________ 5. You shouldn’t have! (to express thanks for a gift)
B. Directions: Write the correct form of the Modal Verbs in the blanks. (5 Points)
1. Mrs. Perez, _______ I ask you a question?
2. Pedestrians _______ cross the highway.
3. They _______ use the footbridge to cross. No jaywalking.
4. You should use sunblock when going out in the sun.
5. Male students _______ have a proper haircut during the school year.
Your only obligation in any lifetime is to be
true to yourself.
-Richard Bach
