SAKET SINGH

“Lifting is a common operation in construction or installation projects”

▪Dynamic nature of environment.
▪Lifting gears strength.

In this PPT we will address these challenges and will explain in detail, how to tackle these
problems.
EXAMPLES OF LIFTING TOOLS-Ropes, Wire Ropes, Mooring Ropes, Chains, Webbing
Slings, Chain Slings, Wire Rope Slings, Shackles, Chain Pulley Block, Ratchet Lever Hoist,
Plate Lifting Clamps, Eye Bolts, Thimbles, Cargo Nets, Gangway Nets, Safety Nets,
Helideck Nets.
▪ Let’s assume the weight of the module is about 1000 Tonnes.
▪ Let’s consider the weight of the module is about 1000 Tonnes.
The most basic requirement is the lifting crane supposed to be of
a capacity higher than 1000 tonnes (As per norms, crane safe
working load to be at least 1.25 times the weight of the
equipment).
▪ Let us discuss how the load of the module is transferred to the
crane. Load of the equipment is transferred to the crane through
the lifting pad eyes, spreader beams, lifting wires, shackles etc.
(In general, these are called as lifting gears). Hence all the lifting
gears involved in the load transfer must be able to withstand the
load imposed during the lifting operation. To analyse whether a
lifting gear can withstand a given load, we must first estimate the
load imposed on the lifting gear.
Example:
In this lifting arrangements, the 1000 ton
module is lifted using 4-pad eyes. Hence each
pad eye is subjected to a load of 250 ton. The
sling wires transfer the load to the lifting
beam. There are four wires used, hence each
wire is subjected to 250 ton (For time being
we will ignore effects due to sling angle). The
sling wire transfers the load to the lifting
beam. In this case, the lifting beam is
subjected to 1000 ton (Note: the two pad
eyes that transfer the load is subjected to
500 ton each).
▪ Assuming the sling angle to be 90 degrees. In reality, it is not
90 degree. The point of suspension of the equipment should
always be in line with the centre of gravity of the equipment
to avoid tilting of the equipment.
Loading changes drastically with the sling angle.Following tables depicts the comparison of loading at 90®, 60®, 30®.

90 degree 60 degree 30 degree

Each sling is subject to a load
Applying resolution of forces concept,
of 500 tonnes
Applying resolution of forces concept, Load on one sling = Vertical
Load on one sling = Vertical load/sin(60). load/sin(60).
Vertical load =500 tonnes. Vertical load =500 tonnes.
Therefore load on one sling = Therefore load on one sling =
500/sin(60) =500/0.866 500/sin(30) =500/0.5
= 577.35 Tons = 1000 Tons

0% increase
15.47% increase 100% increase
= 577
▪ Usage of lifting beam helps to reduce the sling
angle and thereby load on the sling.

“It is evident how sling angle is

increased using spreader
beam (Ø>Q)”.
They are also called as lifting lugs. The basic
purpose of a pad-eye is to provide a point
to which a rope or wire can be fastened,
directly or through a shackle. The other
end of the rope/wire can be fastened to
another pad-eye located elsewhere, or it may
be used for lifting.

***NOTE: Pad eye bore has to be compatible to the lifting shackle. For
example, 20 Ton pad eye bore diameter should be large enough for a 20 Ton
shackle pin.
▪ Perform risk assessment prior to the lifting.
▪ Detailed lifting plan.
▪ The lifting zone completely cordoned off. Only authorised personnel are allowed to access
the lifting zone.
▪ Lifting should be headed by a lifting supervisor.
▪ Lifting team should include: Lifting supervisor, rigger, signalman, banks man, crane
operator.
▪ Lifting team should be properly briefed prior to lifting.
▪ Clash check should be done in the lifting route( or path) and ensure no obstruction during
lifting operation.
▪ Prior to lifting, inspect all the lifting gears and ensure they are all intact and fit for use.
▪ Ensure all the sea fastenings are removed from the equipment to be lifted and it is free to
lift.
▪ In any case, no one should be under the suspended load.
▪ Hoist – A hoist is a very basic lifting device that can be
operated manually, electrically, or using pneumatically. It
involves lifting medium to heavy loads using rope or chain
through a drum or wheel. Regular maintenance of rope and
chain along with accessories can reduce accidents.
▪ Cranes – Cranes are the most common industrial lifting
equipment. They are used to shift loads from one place to
another, taking loads from and to elevated places. They pose
different kinds of dangers and risks. Specific risk control
measures should be followed to reduce hazards.
▪ Forklift – Forklifts are propelled by either an electric
battery or a combustion engine. A forklift is made up
of many components that are essential to do the
operation properly. Small and medium industrial
environments require forklifts that are fitted with a
hydraulic system and forks to carry, transport, and
deliver smaller loads.

▪ Tower Cranes – Tower cranes are manually operated

machines fitted with hoists, ropes, or chains and
sheaves to lift or lower small, medium to heavy loads.
They are fixed to the ground to provide balance. Tower
cranes can rotate and pick up load anywhere around
Telescopic Cranes – Telescopic cranes are the most common types of cranes which have
metal tubes fitted with one another and operated using the hydraulic method. With this, an
operator can reduce and increase the length of the boom. These cranes can be fitted on
moving trucks.

Mobile Cranes – Mobile cranes, all-terrain cranes, and crawler cranes have their own
usages depending upon the purpose and places and also the heaviness of the loads
involved. While mobile cranes are designed to transport smaller loads from one place to
another, all-terrain cranes are fitted with necessary equipment which can be used in any
rough terrain. Crawler cranes are mostly used for indoor purposes, to lift very heavy loads
and transport to a short distance.

“Apart from the these lifting devices, there are power shovels and telescopic handlers which are
also used for various industrial environments”.
▪ The soil or surface condition should be examined and leveled.
▪ When there is a lot of wind and it’s pouring, don’t use the crane.
▪ Rigger has to put on a jacket.
▪ A reverse beep horn should be installed on the crane.
▪ Lifting Device operators may only be signaled by the rigger.
▪ To regulate the swinging of the load, at least two tag lines must be employed.
▪ Need to check the lifting permit before doing a job
▪ Working crew PPE, particularly rigger’s leather gloves and a safety harness.

Thank you- Saket Singh