CAMBRIDGE A self-study reference and practice book for elementary learners of English WYiiame lay) Raymond MurphyEssential Grammar in Use A self-study reference and practice book for elementary learners of English Fourth Edition Raymond Murphy CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, Univesity Printing House, Cambridge C82 885, United Kingdom Cambridge Univesity Press is pat ofthe Univesity of Cambridge ‘furthers the Universiys mission by disseminating knowledge inthe pursuit of education, leering and research atthe highest internation! levels of excellence vw cambridge org Information on thistle: wwww.cambrige orgfessentalgrammarinuse Fourth Edition © Cambridge University Press 2015 This publication isin copyright. Subject to statutory exception and tothe provisions of revant collective beensing agreements "Po reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press Essential Grammar in Use fist published 1990 < 2390/3. Fourth edition 2015 77 Printed in Dubai by Oriental Press A catalogue ecord fortis publication s avaliable from the British Library ISBN 978-1-107-48055-1 Elton with answers ISBN 978-1-107-48053-7 Elton with answers and interactive eBook ISBN 978-1-107-48056-8 Ecition without answers ISBN 978-1-107-48061-2 Ealton with Supplementary Exercises ISBN 978-1-107-48060°5 Interactive eBook Cambridge University Pres has no responsiblity forthe persistence or accuracy ‘of URLs for extemal o thireé-party internet webstes referred ton this publication, ‘and does not guarantee that any content on such websites, or wil rain, ‘accurate oF appropriate Information regarcing pices, travel timetables, and other factual information gen i this work s correct atthe time of frst printing but Cambridge University Pres does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter,(eerie) Acknowledgements vi To the student viii Tothe teacher x Present amjis/are am/is/are (questions) 1am doing (present continuous) are you doing? (present continuous questions) 1 do/workilke erc. (present simple) I dont... (present simple negative) Do you...? (present simple questions) 1am doing (present continuous) and I do (present simple) have... and F've got. weVanauns Post 10. wasiwere 11 worked/got/went etc. (past simple) 12 Ididn't... Did you... (past simple negative and questions) 13 Iwas doing (past continuous) 14 Iwas doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple) Present perfect. 15 Ihave done (present perfect 1) 16 Tvejust... Ivealteady... haven't... yet (present perfect 2) 17) Have you ever ...? (present perfect 3) 18 How long have you... (presenc perfect 4) 19 for since ago 20 Thave done (present perfect) and | did (past) Passive 21 isdone was done (passive 1) 22 isbeingdone has been done (passive 2) Verb forms 23. be/have/do in present and past tenses 24. Regular and irregular verbs Future 25. What are you doing tomorrow? 26 I'mgoingto... 27 will/shall 1 28 will/shall 2Modals imperative ec 29. might 30 can and could 31 must mustn't don’t need to 32. should 33 thaveto... 34 Would you like 35 Do this! Don'tdo that! Let's do thi 36 used to. There and it 37 there is there are 38 there was/were there has/have been there will be 39 Ie. Ausiiary verbs 40 Lam.t don't etc 41 Have you? Are you? Don't you? etc 42 too/either soam!/neither dol etc 43 isn’t, haven't, don't etc. (negatives) Questions 44 isit..? haveyou...? dothey... ?etc. (questions 1) 45 Who saw you? Who did you see? (questions 2) 46 Whois she talking to? What isit like? (questions 3) 47 What ...? Which ..? How... (questions 4) 48 How long doesit take... ? 49 Doyou know where...? Idon’t know what .. e¢c. Reported speech 50 Shesaid that... He told me that... do/doing 52. t0 (I want to do) and -ing (1 enjoy doing) 53 Iwantyou to... Itold you to... 54 Lwent to the shop to ... Go, get, do, make and have 55 goto... goon... gofor... go-ing 56 get 57 do and make 58 have Pronouns and possessves 59 Vime heyhim —they/them etc. 6 my/his/their ere. 61 Whose is this? It mine/yours/hers etc. 62. Wme/my/mine 63. myselfiyourselfithemselves etc 64 ~5 (Kate's camera / my brother's car ec)Aand the 65 aan 66 train(s).bus(es) (singular and plural) 67 abottle / some water (countable/uncountable 1) 68 acake / some cake / some cakes (countable/uncouncable 2) 69 a/anand the 70 the. 71 gotowork gohome goto the cinema 72 like music |hate exams 7B. the... (names of places) Determiners and pronouns 74 this/that/these/those 75. one/ones 7 some and any 77 not+any no none 78 not + anybody/anyone/anything _ nobody/no-one/nothing, 79. somebody/anything/nowhere etc. 80 every and all 81 all most some any no/none 82 both either neither 83 alot much _ many 84 (a)litele (a) few Adjectives and adverbs 85. old/nice/ineeresting etc. (adjectives) 85 quickly/badly/suddenly etc. (adverbs) 87 old/older expensive / more expensive 88 older than... more expensive than ... 89 notas...as 90 theoldest the most expensive ‘91 enough 92 too Word order 93. He speaks English very well. (word order 1) 94 always/usually/often etc. (word order 2) 95 still yet already 96 Give me that book! Give it come! Conjunctions and clauses 97 and but or so because 98 When. 99 Hfwe go... Ifyousee... etc 100 Ifthad... Ifwe went... etc 101 aperson who... a thing that/which ... (relative clauses 1) 102 the people we met the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2)= Prepositions 103 at 8 o'clock on Monday in April 104 from...to until since for 105 before after during while 106 in at on (places 1) 107 in at on (places 2) 108 to in at (places 3) 109 under, behind, opposite exc N10 up. over, through etc 111 on at by with about 112 afraid of ...good at... etc. offatifor ec. (prepositions) + -ing 113 listen to..,lookat.. etc. (verb + preposition) Phrasal verbs 114 go in fall off,run away etc. (phrasal verbs 1) 115 puton your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2) Appendices ‘Appendix 1 Active and passive 243 Appendix 2 List of irregular verbs 244 Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups 245, Appendix 4 Short forms (he's /d/ don'tecc) 246 Appendix Speling 248 ‘Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (take off/ give up etc) 250 Appendix? Phrasal verbs + object (put out a fire / give up your job etc). 251 Additional exercises 252 Study guide 271 Key to Exercises 283 Key to Additional exercises 310 Key to Study guide 313 Index 315To the student (working without a teache! This isa grammar book for elementary students of English. There are 115 units in the book and each unit is about a different point of English grammar. ‘There i alist of units a the beginning of the book (Contents). Do not study al he units in order from beginning to end. Itis better to choose the units that you need to do. For example, ifyou have a problem with the present perfect (I have been, he has done etc), study Units 15-20. Use the Contents or the Index (at the back of the book) to find the unit (or units) that you need. = =. Be Ifyou are not sure which units you need to study, use the Study guide at the back of the book. vill Study guide (pages 271-282)Each unit is two pages. The information is on the left-hand page and the exercises are on the right: Information Study the left-hand page (information) and then do the exercises on the right-hand page. Use the Key to check your answers, The Key is on pages 283-308. Study the left-hand page again if necessary. Dont forget the seven Appendices at the back ofthe book (pages 243-251). These will give you information about ‘active and passive forms, regular verbs, short forms, spelling and phrasal verbs. ‘There are also Additional ‘exercises at the back of the book (pages 252-270). There isa lis of these exercises, on page 252Broken mescvenr ay ‘The most important features of this book are. CO Itisa grammar book. It does not deal with other aspects of the language. © Is for elementary learners. It does not cover areas of grammar which are not normally taughe at ‘elementary level. © tisa reference book with exercises. Itis nota course book and is not organised progressively Otis addressed to learners and intended for self-study. Organisation of the book ‘There are 115 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area of grammar. The materials organised in grammatical categories, such as tenses, questions and articles. Units are not ordered according to difficulty, and should therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate forthe learner(s). The book should not be worked through from beginning to end. The units are listed in the Contents and there is@ comprehensive Index atthe end of the book Each unic has the same format consisting of two facing pages. The grammar point is presented and explained con the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right. There are seven Appendices (pages 243-251) dealing with active and passive forms, regular verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling and phrasal verbs. Ic might be useful for teachers to draw students’ atcention to these. ‘At the back of the book there isa set of Additional exercises (pages 252-270). These exercises provide ‘mixed’ practice bringing together grammar points from a number of different units (especially chose concerning verb forms). There are 35 exercises in this section and there is.a full lit on page 252 ‘Also at the back of the book there isa Stuy guide to help students decide which units to study ~ see page 271 Finally, ther is a Key (pages 283-309) for students to check their answers o all the exercises in the book. An edition without the Study guide and Key is available for teachers who would prefer i for their students Level The book is for elementary learners, ie. learners with very ltcle English, but not for complete beginners. [cis incended mainly for elementary students who are beyond the early stages of a beginners’ course. It could also bbe used by ow-intermediace learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects oftheir English or who have problems with particular areas of basic grammar. ‘The explanations are addressed to the elementary learner and are therefore as simple and as short as possible. The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so that the book can be used at this level Using the book The book can be used by students working alone (see To the student) or as supplementary course material In either case the book can serve as an elementary grammar book. \When used as course material the book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later revision o remedial work. It might be used by the whole class or by individual students needing extra help and practice. In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and explanation) in class, but it should be noted that these have been written for individual study and reference. In most cases, would probably be better for teachers to present the grammar point in their preferred way with the exercises being, done for homework. The left-hand page is then available for ater reference by the student. ‘Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In this case, individual students or groups of students can be directed to the appropriate units for self-study and practice.Ey ES os favourite colour isblue. eee —— sports are (fm American. 'm from — eae and swimming ley apenneee se Father isa doctor and my mother isa eee Gotan a positive negative | am (im) | am not | (I'm not) | he (he's) he (he'smot or heisn't) she | is (she’s) she isnot (she’smot or she isn’t) ic (it’s) it | (itsnot or icisn’t) | | we (we're) we (we'renot or we aren't) you | are | (you're) you arenot § (you'renot or you aren't) they (chey're) | they (they'remot or theyaren't) | short form short forms Ym cold. Can you close the window, please? im 32 yeas ok. My ster 29, ‘Steve is ill. He’s in bed. My brother scared of dogs, a Its ten odlock. You're late again. Woof Ht Ann and | are good friends, Your keys are on the table. I'm tired, but 'm not hungry. Lisa isn’t interested in politics. She's interested in art James isn’t a teacher. He's a studen. ‘Those people aren't English. They're Australian. Its sunny today, but it isn’t warm. thav’s= thatis there’ here is here's = here is (Thank you. That's very kind of you © Look! There's Chris. "Here's yourkey’ “Thank your (Canisare (queiiors)-) Unie? there fare Unit 37 alan “> Unie@S shor orn? Appendix)Exercises EBD Write che shore form (she's / we aren't etc.) 1 sheis shes 3 icisnor 5 Lam noe 2 theyare 4 thatis 6 youare not GD Wie amis orare 1 Thewenther i6. nicetoday, § Look! There Helen 21 notch, & My brother and god tennis players 3 Thsbag heavy. 7 Emily athome. Her chidren -atschoo A Thesebags hea 81. at@diver Myster. aun ED compeze te sentences 1 Steve is ill . He's in bed. 2. tm noc hungry, bt thirsy 3. Mr Thomas ta ver oldman oa 4 These chairs aren't beautiful, but comfortable. 5 The weathers nice voy warm and sunny s: Tate! Nam not tea 7 Catheanesiachome at work a yourcoat’ “Oh thankyou very much EBD 1002s sentences in 1A. Now write sentences about youre 1 (name?) My 5. (favourite colour or colours?) 2 (ager) | My 3 (fom?) | 6 (interested in... 2) 4 (job?) ' GBD Write secences forthe plctues. Use: Serer ener eee ace 1 Shale 3 He 2 They 4 GBD Wie true sentences, postive or negative, Use l/s’ or are/aren' 1 (4 (hot todq) Wwintthorteday. or Wshottoday 2 (it / windy today) I 3. (my hands / cold) My 4 (ral / avery big coun) 5 (diamonds / cheap) 6 (Toronto / in the US) Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use I'm / I'm not ? (tired) mtined. or _Imnot tired. 8 (hungry) 1 9. (a good swimmer) 10 (interested in football) + Additional exercise 1 (page 252) 3am/is/are (questions) Spc en Tae ell. lz on she | is: is | she? ea + How old are you? =i a ER lool lease Ee they | | they a= “Am I ace?’ "No, you're on time! ‘Isyour mother at home? ‘No she’s out “Are your parents at home” 'No, they're out! sit cold in your room?” “Yes alittle’ Your shoes are nice. Are they new? (© Isshe at home? /Is your mother at home? (not Isat home your mother) (© Are they new? / Are your shoes new? (not Ate new your shoes?) 2! What ..?/ Who ..?/ How ..?/ Why ..? Where is your mother? Is she at home? ‘Where are you from?” ‘Canada’ "What colour is your car” ‘t's red! How old isjoe” "Hes 24° How are your parents? Are they well? ‘These shoes are nice. How much are they? This hotel isnt very good. Why isit so expensive? what is who's = whois how's =howis where's = where is What's the time? Who's that man? Where's Lucy? OC) How's your father Short answers (© ‘Are you tired?” "Yes, 1am. (© ‘Are you hungry?” No, 'm not, but fm thirsty’ Isyour friend English?” "Yes, he is. “Are these your keys?’ "Yes, they are. “That's my seat! ‘No, itisn’ (Gmiisfare-> Unie 1 questions -> Unie 44 _whatiwhich how => Unie 47 )Exercises EBD Find che right answers for the questions. 1 Where’ the camera? A London, 1.6 2 Isyour car blue? |B No. tm not. pI 3 sate from London? C Yes youare. 3 4 Am! late? D My sister. 4 5 Where’ Amy from? E Black 5 6 What colouris your bag? | | F No, its black 6 7 Are you hungry? G In your bag, 7 8 How is George? H No,she's American. | 9. Who's that woman? 1 Very well 9 EBD Make questions with these words. 1 (is/athome your mother) Is yourmather ats home (your parents / are / well) “Are your parents well (inceresting /is your job) (the shops / are / open today) (from / where / you / are) (interested in spore / you / are) (is/near here / the station) (ac school / are / your children) (you / ate / late / why) EBD complete the questions. Use What... / Who .../ Where... /H. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 How.are your parents? )) (They're very well the bus stop? |} At the end of the street. your children? || Five, six and ten, these oranges? | | £1550 kilo, your favourite sport? || Skiing. the man in this photo? |_| That’ my father. your new shoes? } | Black. (pame?) Whats yourname? Paul (Americar?) No, fm Australian, (how old?) tim 30. (ateacher?) No, ma lawyer. (married?) Yes, am, (wife a lawyer?) No, she's designer (from?) She’ Italian (her name?) Anna (how old?) She's 27, EBD Write shore answers (Yes, 1am. / No, he isn't et). 1 Are you married? No, mot, 4 Are your hands cold? 2. Ate you thirsty? 5 Isitdark now? 3 Isiccold today? 6 Ave youa teacher? * Additional exercises 1-2 (pages 252-53) 15| am doing (present continuous) she's eating, ‘They're running, She isn't reading. The sun isnt shining. ‘They aren't walking ‘The present continuous is am/is/are + doing/eating/running/ writing exc. : 1] am (not) | © tmworking. I'm not watching TV. he | O Mariais reading a newspaper. she | is (not) | © She isn't eating. (or She's not eating) it -ing | © The busis coming. we We're having dinner. you | are (not) You're not listening to me. (or You aren‘ listening... they >) The children are doing their homework am/is/are + -ing = something is happening now: I'm working she's wearing a hat they/re playing football i'm not watching TV past now ‘future Please be quiet. 'm working (= Im working now) Look, there's Sarah, She's wearing a brown coat. (= she s wearing it now) ‘The weather is nice. I's not raining. ‘Where are the children? ‘They're playing in the park’ © (on the phone) We're having dinner now. Can | cal you later? ‘You can turn off the television. 'm not watching i Speling (> Appendix 5} come coming write» writing dance — dancing, un running sit sitting swim — swimming lie > lying isjare-> Unit 1 are you doing? (questions) > Unit 4 tam doing andl do > Unie What are you doing tomorrow? = Unit 25,Exercises EBD what are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences: ‘eat have lie play sit. wait 1. She's eating an apple. 4 con the ior, 2 He forabus 5 breakfast 3 They football. 6 on the table. EYED complete the sentences. Use these verbs: build cook go have stand stay swim -worke 1 Please be quiet. |. 'mworking 2 ‘Where'sjohn?’ ‘He’ in the kitchen. He : 3 You con my foot! ‘Oh, m sorry! 4 Look! Somebody in the river, 5. We're here on holiday, We at the Central Hotel. 6 ‘Where's Sue” ‘She a shower 7 They ‘a new hotel in the city centre at the moment. 81 now. Goodbye. EBD 00k ar the picture. write sentences about Jane. Use She's -ing or She isn't -ing. 1 (havedinner) Jane ist having dinner 2 (watch TV)... She's watching TV. 3 (iconthe floor) she 4 (read a book) 5 (play the piano) 6 (laugh) 7 (wear a hat) 8 (drink coffee) Jane EBD wo2es happening now: rie true sentences. (UJ wash f my hair) mnot washing my hale (ic/snow) Ies-snowing... or _ Ibisn't snowing (W/sit ona chair) (rear) (it { rain) (lear ( English) (1 listen / co music) (the sun / shine) (I / wear { shoes) (Uf tead / a newspaper) W7Unit are you doing? (icronmeo lari eolcme creel) postive question i Wiatarayordahg? || am | am | 1 he |_| doing WA she | is | working is it going el staying you | are ee} | are | they i "Are you feeling OK? es rm fin, chanks ‘Isic raining” "Yes, cake an umbrella’ ‘Why are you wearing a coat? Its not cold. © "What's Paul doing” ‘He's studying for his exams’ © "Whatare the children doing” "They're watching TV’ Look, there's Emily! Where's she going? Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue? Study the word order: fare + subject + -ing Jis | he | working today? ] Is Ben working today? (not 's working Ben today?) Where | are | they going? Where | are | those people | going? (not Where are going those people?) | Short answers [ [fam] [ [tm] he he's i she is | she's Yes | it No, | it’s we you | are you're they | they're | © “Areyou going now? ‘Yes, lam.’ © "IsBen working today” Yes, he is. ‘Isicraining” 'No, it isn’t ‘Are your friends staying at a hotel” No, they aren‘t. They're staying with me’ (CTamdoing = Unie3Whatare you doing romorrow?-> Unit 25 —quesions “> Units 4-47 )Exercises yn ek te pire ac wre the quesons: = 7 onus ul Resoucn amt Fee Ce eu onaron ) MM Na rete enone eee a BD 100% he piccures and complete the questions, Use cry eat go laugh lookat read EBD Make questions from these words. Pur che words in the right order. 1 (is / working / Ben {coday) Ben working today. 2 (what / the children / are / doing) What are the children doing, 3 (you are / listening / to me) 4 (where / your fiends / ae / going) 5 (are / watching / your parents / TV) 6 (what / Jessica /s / cooking) 7 (why I you /are looking / at me) 8 (is//coming / che bus) EBD wiite shore answers (Yes, 1am. / No, he isn't. etc.) 1 Are you watching TV? _..No,{mnot. 4 Isicraining? 2. Are you wearing a watch? 5. Are you siting on the floor? 3. Are you eating something? 6 Are you feling well + Additional exercise 3 (page 253) 19m ae ag Ws They have a lot of books He's eating an ice cream, They read a lot. He likes ice crear } They read / he likes /| work etc. = the present simple: Las ee rs | welyoulthey read like work live watch do have The/shelit reads likes works lives watches does has Remember hhe works / she lives /itrains et © Iwork in a shop. My brother works ina bank. (not My brother work) Lucy livesin London, Her parents live in Scotland, Ie rains alot in winter Shave + he/she/it has: CO) Joe has. shower every day. Spelling (> Appendix): -esafter-s/-sh/-ch: pass passes finish finishes watch —> watches ys -ies study studies try > cries also: do —> does go goes ‘We use the present simple for things that are true in general or for things that happen sometimes or all the time: O Iike big cites © Your Englishis good. You speak very well ‘Tom works very hard. He starts at 730 and finishes at 8 otclock in the evening, ‘The earth goes round the sun. We do a lot of diferent things in our free time. Itcosts.a lot of money co build a hospital 100 always/never/often/usually/sometimes + present simple ). Sue always gets to work early. (not Sue gets always) never eat breakfast. (hot | eat never) itksennaaan eee ©) Mark usually plays football on Sundays ©. | sometimes walk to work, but not very often. Tdon'e . (negative) > Unit Doyou ..?(questions) ~ Unit 7 Iam doingand | do => Unit 8 always/usually/often etc. (word order) “> Unie 96Exercises EBD Write these verbs with -s or -es. 1 (read) she ...teade 3 (fy) it 5 (have) she 2 (think) he 4 (dance) he 6 (finish) ic EBD complece the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use: eat go live play play sleep 1 He plays the piano. 4 tennis 2 They inavery bighouse. 5 tothe cinema alot. 3 alot of fui 6 seven hours a right E}BD compere the sentences. Use: boil close cost cost like like meet open speak teach wash ‘Maria speaks. four languages. The shops in the city centre usually at 9 odlock in the morning. ‘The City Museurn at S odlock in the evening Tina isa teacher. She mathematics to young children ‘My job is very interesting. 1 a loc of people. Peter's caris always dirty. He never ic Food is expensive. It alot of money. Shoes are expensive. They a lot of money. Water at 100 degrees Celsius Laura and | are good friends, | her and she me. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 EBD wrice sencences from these words. Use the right form ofthe verb (arrive or arrives etc) 1 (always / early / Sue / arrive)... Sue always arrives early. 2 (tothe cinema never /1/ go) | 3. (work / Martina / hard / always) 4 (lke / chocolate / children / usually) 5 (lack / partis / enjoy / always) 6 (often / people's names /|/ forget) 7 (TV/Sam / watch / never) 8 (usually / dinner / we / have / at 730) 9 (Kate / always / nice clothes / wear) wi 1 2 3 4 5 rite sentences about yourself. Use always/never/often/usually/sometimes. (watch TV in the evening) usually watch TV inthe evening (ead in bed) | (get up before 7 o'clock) (g0 to work/school by bus) (drink coffee in the morning) 2I don’t ... (present simple negative) ‘The present simple negative is don’t/doesn't + verb: She doesn't drink coffee He doesn't ike his job. oa a ee positive negative I fo ] | owe | done | | you | donot) | work } they | __| like he | fed | she | doesn't | have | (does not) J} it (ae Lt | drink coffee bu | don't drink ta, Sue drinks es, bur she doesn’t drink coffee You don’ work very hard We don't watch TV very often, The weather i usually rice. Ie doesnt rain very often. Sam and Chrs don’ know many people Remember: \wefyou/they don’t... © don't like football “he(shelic doesnt...) He doesnt lke football. © Idon'e lice Fred and Fred doesn’t like me. (not Fred don‘ lke) (O. Mycar doesn’t use much petrol. (not My car don't use) 5) Somesimes he is late, but it doesn’t happen very often We use don't/doesn’t + infinitive (dont like / doesnt speak / doesnt do er} | don’t like washing the car. | don’t do it very often. (© Sarah speaks Spanish but she doesn’t speak Italian. (not doesrit speaks) ). David doesn’t do his job very well. (not David doesn‘ his job) © Paula doesn’t usually have breakfast. (not doesnt... has) ([aorworke exe (presencsimple) = Unie 5 Do you. (presen sinpe questions) Unie? )Exercises GSD write the negative. 1 Iplay the piano very well I don't play the piano very well 2 Anna plays the piano very well, Anna 3 They know my phone number They 4 5 We work very hard. He has a bath every day. 6 You do the same thing every day. QD sxudy the information and write sentences with like 1._.Ben and Sophie ike classical music, Kare \ classical music. 2 Ben and Sophie Kate H You v GSD Write about yourself. Use: Inever... of often... or Idon't... very often. 1 (watch TV) Idonit watch Ty veryoften. or IneverwatchTV... or Loften watch TY, 2 (goto the theatre) 3 (ride a bike) 4 (eatin restaurants) 5 (travel by cain) @ Complete the sentences. All of them are negative, Use don't/doesn’t + these verbs: cost go know fain see use wear 1 The weather here is usually nice. It doeen'train_ much. 2 Paul has acar but he itvery often, 3. Paul and his friends lke fms, but they to the cinema very often. 4 Amanda is married, but she aring, 51 much about politics. !m not interested ini. 6 The Regent Hotel isnt expensive. It ‘much to stay there 7 Edlives very near us, but we him very often GZ Pecthe verb into the correct form, positive or negative. 1. Margarec peaks . four languages ~ English, French, German and Spanish. (speak) 2 1_dontlike . my job. les very boring. (lke) 3 ‘Where's Steve? ‘Tmsorry. | * (know) 4 Sues very quiet person. She very much. (tak) 5 Andy alot of tea, ies his favourite drink. (drink) 6 Itsnot crue! itt (believe) 7 Thacsa very beautiful picture. | icvery much. (like) 8 Matkisa vegetarian, He meat. (eat) 23Do you ... ? (present simple questions) We use do/does in present simple questions: postive question 1) work | 1 we | like we you | do yOu work? chey | have they | tke? works do? ewes | | goes | ee | Dave? she | Het | | does | she |= [hme it a we Study the word order: do/does + subject + infntive | Be | you play | cheguicar? Do | yourffiends | live near here? Does | Chris work on Sundays? Does | ic rain | alochere? Where | de yourparents | live? How often | do | you | wash your hair? What | dows | sword | meant How much | does | ic cost rofyco Rome? Questions with always and usually Does | Chris | always | work | on Sundays? What do | you | usually do | at weekends? What do you do? = What's your job? © "What do you do?” “work ina bank! Do they like music? Does he like music? ‘Short answers | liwe/you/they do. | Iwelyou/they don't. | Yes — hehe doef No, -— a he/sheric does | | __he/shelit doesn't ‘Doyou play the guitar” ‘No, Idon't: © ‘Do your parents speak English” "Yes, they do. © ‘Does James work hard?” "Yes, he does.’ > ‘Does your sister lve in London” ‘No, she doesn’t.’ (Claoiworktike etc (present simple) > Unit 5 _Idon'e.(negacve) =P Unie6 _questons-> Units 44-47)Exercises EBD Wrice questions with Do... ?and Does...? 1 lke chocolate. How about you? Do you lke chocolate 2 I play tennis. How about you? you 3. You live near here. How about Lucy? Lucy 4 Tom plays tennis. How about his friends? 5. You speak English. How about your brother? 6 Ido yoga every morning, How about you? 7 Sue goes away alot. Howabout Paul? 8 I want to be famous. How about you? 9. You work hard. How about Anna? ©} Make questions from these words + do/does. Put the words in the 1. (where / live / your parents) Where do your parents live 2 (you / early / always / get up) Do you always get-up early 3. (how often / TV / you / watch) 4 (you / want / what / for dinner) 5 (lke / you / football) z 6 (your brother / ike | football) 7 (what / you / do /in your fee time) 8 (your sister / work / where) 9. (breakfast / always / you / have) 10 (what / mean / this word) 11 (in winter / snow / ic here) 12 (go / usually /to bed / what time J you) 13 (how much / to phone New York Jit cost) 14 (you / for breakfast / have / usually / what) EBD complete the questions. Use these verbs: ‘do do enjoy go like start teach work What _doyoudo T work in a bookshop. ie | | ts0K. What time in the morning? | | Ac 9 otclock ‘on Saturdays? | | Sometimes. How cowork? | | Usually by bus. ‘And your husband. What 2] | He'sa teacher What 2] | science. ean auNns his job?) (Yes, he loves it. EBD Write shore answers (Yes, he does. / No, Idon't. etc). 1 Bo you watch TV alor? No,ldontt.. or .Yes.\do, Do you lve ina big city? Do you often ride a bike? Does i ain a lot where you live? Do you play the piano? nal exercises 4-7 (pages 253-54) 25eile 8 lam doing (present continuous) and I do (present simple) Jack is watching television, He isnot playing the guitar. But Jack has guitar He often plays it and he plays very well Jack plays the guitar, but he is not playing the guitar now. Ishe playing the guitar? No, heisn’t. (present continuous) Does he play the guitar? Yes, he does. (present simple) Present continuous (1 am doing) = now, at the time of speaking Vm doing past row future Please be quiet. im working. (not | work) ‘Tom is havinga shower at the moment. (nt Tom has) Take an umbrella with you. Irs raining, You can tum off the television. 'm not watching it. Why are you under the table? What are you doing? Present simple (do) = in general, all the time or sometimes: a tao => past now future work every day from 9 oclock to $30 ‘Tom has a shower every morning levains alotin wincer. I don’t watch TV very often. What do you usually do at weekends? We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (1 am -ing): like want know understand remember ‘prefer need mean believe forget. Use only the present simple with these verbs (! want / do you like? etc): Vim tited. | want to go home. (not /m wanting) ‘Do you know that girl?” "Yes, but | don’t remember her name’ ) don't understand. What do you mean? (Presencconsnsous-b Units 3-4 presencsimple > Units 5-7 presen for he fture=@ Unie 25)Exercises EBD Aiswer the questions about the pictures. Tima photographer. Illes oes he take photographs? _ Yes, hedoes.._ | is she drivinga bus? Ishe taking a photograph? No, he isn't, Does she drive a bus? ‘Whats he doing? ‘What is she doing? He's having a bath a é Does he clean windows? Are they teaching? Ishe cleaning a window? Do they teach? What is he doing? What do they do? EB complete the sentences with am/is/are or do/don't/does/doesn't. 1 Excuse me, ..40.. you speak English? "Where's Kate?” know Whats funny? Why you laughing? ‘What your sister do” “She'sa dentisc? ic raining. | ‘want to go out in the rain. ‘Where youcometfrom? ‘Canada’ How much i cost to stay at this hotel sit expensive? Steve is a good tennis player, but he play very often Excuse me, do,you speak _ (you/speak) English? ‘Where’ Tom?’ ‘He's having . (he/have) a shower 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (GD Pur the verb in the present continuous (1 am doing) or the present simple (Ido). 1 2 3 Ident watch... (\Inot/watch) TV very often, 4 5 6 7 8 9 Listen! Somebody (sing) Sarah is tire. (she/want) to go home now. How often (youtuse) your car? Every day? ‘Excuse me, but (yoursit) in my seat? “Ob, t'm sorry. tim sorry (Vinot/understand). Can you speak more slowly? les lace (\igo) home now. (youfcome) with me? 40 What time (your father / finish) work every day? 11 You can turn off the radio. (nottiscen) coi. 12 ‘Wheres Paul?” ‘In the kitchen. (he/cook) something 13 Mark (woryusually/drive) co work. He (usually/walk) 14 Sue (nottlke) coffee. (she/prefer) cea. nal exercises 8-9 (page 255) 27You can say have or I've got, he has or he's got: I I (ve got) | we or| (we've got) have al BaeS SN rouve poe) shore form © thave blue eyes. or I've got blue eyes. (CO Tom has ewo sisters. or Tom has got two sisters Ourcarhas fourdoors. or Ourcar has got four doors. © Sarah isnt feeling well. She has a headache. or She's got a headache. © They like animals. They have a horse, three dogs and six cats. or They've got a horse | don’t have / | haven't got etc (negative) ae | werthey hese it gor hasn't © Idon'thavea car. oI haven't got a car They don't have any children. or ‘They haven't got any children Ica nice house, buc ie doesn’t have a garden. or ... it hasn't got a garden © Amy doesn't have a job at the moment. or Amy hasn't got.a job do you have? / have you got? etc (questions) You can say you | Uiyou 0 welthey have | welthey ae | hee: fag ‘dows | Pelshe as | else it it © ‘Doyou havea camera” ‘No,|don’t’ or ‘Have you got a camera’ ‘No, haven't! © ‘Does Helen have acar” Yes, she does’ or "Has Helen gota car” "Yes, she has! What kind of car does she have? or ... has she got? © How many children do they have? or ... have they got? had / didn’t have (past) - Units 11-12 have breakfast /havea shower exc. Unit 58 some and any = Unit 76Exercises EBD Write these sentences with got. The meaning is the same. 1 They have two children They've got-two children, 2. She doesn't have a key. She hasnt. gota key. 3 He has anew job, He 4 Doyou have an umbrella? 5. We have a lot of work to do. I don't have your phone number 7 Does your father have a car? 8 How much money do we have? EBD write these sentences with do/does/don'e/doesn't. The meaningis the same. 11 Have you got any money? Doyou have any money? 2 haven't got many clothes i 3 Has Tom gota brother? 4. How many children have they got? 5 Have you got any questions? 6 Sam hasnit gor a job. (BD Fe che questions and answers, Then wrt sentences about Mark Have you gota car?) (‘No agtacan, Have you gota bike? | | Yes. Have you gota dog? | | No. “Stay Have you gota mobile phone? || Yes. Have you got awatch? | | No. Have you got any brothers or || Yes, nwo brochers sisters? and a sister ‘What about you? Write sentences with I've got or | haven't got. 7 (adog) 8 (a bike) 9 (brothers/sisters) EBD complete the sentences. Use have, has, don't have or doesn't have, 1 Sarah ..doesn't have._a car. She goes everywhere by bike. 2 They lke animals. They have. three dogs and two cats. 3. Charles isnt happy. He a lot of problems. 4 They are always busy. They much fee time. 5 ‘What's wrong” ‘I something in my eye! 6 ‘Wheres my pen? ‘Idon't know. | it! 7 Amy wants C0 go to the concert, but she a ticket. © complete the sentences. Use have/has got or haven't/hasn’t got with: sixlegs akey headache. alotoffriends ajob _muchtime 1 tmnot feeling very well. |. ve got.a headache, 2. Everybody likes Tom. He 3. She can‘t open the door. She 4 Quick, We 5 Aninsect 6 munemployed. | + Additional exercises 5-7 (page 254) 29OCA lastnight now Now Robert is at work. Ac midnight last night he wasn’t at work, Hewasin be He was asleep. amis (present) > was (past) © lam tired. (now) | was tired last night. ‘Where is Kate? (now) Where was Kate yesterday? ‘The weather is good today, The weather was good last week. are (present) > were (past): O Youare late. (now) ‘You were late yesterday. © They aren't here. (now) ‘They weren't here last Sunday. poste rigatve aueston in ee eae 1 1] | " he. ail he | was not | a he? she | she | (wasn’t) ‘she? i it you | were| | you MEEPOE | | were | yur | they | [they | | | they? | © Last year Rachel was 22,50 she is 23 now. When | was child, | was scared of dogs. ‘We were hungry after the journey, but we weren't tired The hotel was comfortable, but it wasn’t expensive. ‘Was the weather nice when you were on holiday? © Your shoes are nice. Were they expensive? ‘Why were you late this morning? Short answers | _helsheric was | | | _he/shelic wasnt re, 1 | No, welyoulthey were. welyoulthey weren't (‘Were you late” ‘No, | wasn’t ‘Was Tom at work yesterday” "Yes, he was.’ ‘Were Sue and Steve at the party?” ‘No, they weren't. (Gisfare-} Units 1-2 Iwas doing > UnieExercises EBRD where were these people at 3 otlock yesterday afternoon? JOE JACK KATE SUE MR AND MRS HALL BEN 1 Joe was in bed, 4 2 Jack and Kate 8 3 Sue 6 Andyow 1 BD Write amis/are (present) or was/were (past). Last year she ...Wa5._ 22, so she i823 now. 2 Today the weather nice, but yesterday it very cold, 31 hungry. Can | have something to eat? 4 ee fine this morning, but | very tre lastnight 5 Where. you at 11 otlock last Friday morning? 6 Don't buy those shoes. They very expensive. 7 8 9 Vike your new jacket. it expensive? This time last year | in Paris. “Where Sam and Joe” ‘Idon't know. They here a few minutes ago! We weren't happy with the hotel. Our room _WaS... very smalland it...wasn't. clean, 2 Mark at work last week because he il, He’ better now. Yesterday « public holiday so the banks closed. They're open today 4c Kate and Ben at the party” ‘Kate there, but Ben 5 Where are my keys? They ‘on the table, but they'e not there now. 6 You at home las night. Where you? €EBD Write questions from these words + was/were. Put the words in che right order. (late / you J this morning / why?) Why. were you late this moming?, The traffic was bad. (difficule/ your exam?) No, it was easy (last week / where / Sue and Chris?) They were on holiday. (your new camera / how much?) Ahundred pounds. (angry /you / yesterday / why?) Because you were late. (nice / che weather / last week?) Yes it was beaucful 31TVevery evening. | resent simple) ‘They |Watched) TV yesterday evening. (past simple) watched is the past simple: welyou/they he/sherit watched Iclean my teeth every morning, This morning | cleaned my teeth, Terry worked in a bank from 2005 to 2011, Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchime, We enjoyed the party lastnight. We danced a ot and talked ro a lot of people. The party fished at midnight Speling (-» Appendix): Some verbs ae regular (= not regular). Te past simple isnot -ed. Here are some important regular verbs (see also Appendix 2-3): begin began | fal —> fell break broke find found ring (brought) |(th flew, leave > left sell > sold lose ost sic sat make made | sleep. slept build built forget forgot | meet met speak spoke buy bought | get got | pay paid stand stood catch caught give gave | put put ake took come came go went read read (red)* | coll told do did have had | ring rang think thought drink drank | hear heard | say said win won’ ea ate know knew | see saw | write wrote * pronounced Ted’ | usually get up early, but this moming | got up at 9 clock. ‘We did alot of work yesterday. ‘Caroline went to the cinema three times ase week James came into the room, took off his coat and sat down, (wasiwere> Unie 10 tant Did you (egitve and quewiors) > Unie 12 _ago->UnieT9Exercises EBBD complete the sentences. Use verb from the box. start stay want clean die enjoy finish happen open rai 1 | cleaned... my teeth three times yesterday. 2. Jewas hot inthe room, so | the window. 3. The film was very long, It at7.15 and at 10 otdock. 4 When Iwasa child, | to be a doctor. 5. Theaccident last Sunde afternoon 6 The weather is nice today, but yesterday it all day. 7 We ‘our holiday last year. We ata very nice place. 8 Anna’ grandfather when he was 90 years old. GBBD Wrice the pase simple of these verbs. 1 gee got 4 pay 7 40 know 2 see 5 vst 8 think 11 put 3 play 6 buy 9 copy 12. speak (GBB Read about Lisa journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form. : KIN) j Last Tuesday Lisa (9 ew from London to Madrid. She a) up fy, gee at 6 oddock in the morning and (3 a cup of coffee. At 630 she have © home and «5 to the airport. When she leave, drive o there, she thecar@) totheairport | get. park, walk building, and i) in. Then she (oy breakfast ata cafe _| check, have and in), for her fight. The plane (12) ‘on time and wait, depart o in Madrid two hours later. Finally she (9 ata | arrive, take from the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid. EBD Write sentences about the past (yesterday / last week etc). 1. James always goes to work by car. Yesterday he went: to wark by car. 2. Rachel often loses her keys. She fasc week 3. Kate meets her friends every evening. She yesterday evening. 4 I buy a newspaper every day. Yesterday | 5 Weolten go to the cinema at weekends. Last Sunday we 6 leat an orange every day. Yesterday 7. Tom always has.a shower in the morning, This morning he 8 Ourrftiends often come to see us. They lasc Friday BD Wie sentences about what you did yesterday. 1 _Lwent:to:the theatre, 4 2 5 3 6 + Additional exercise 10 (page 256) 33Did you (past simple negative and questions) ‘We use did in past simple negatives and questions: infrtive positive negative question { play ‘| played 1 ply | 1 sar || we started | we sare we watch | | you | watched | | you watch | you have they | had they | linet | have 1) did | chey (didn't) see | | he| saw he ze || |he | do she | did she do she IS) eéles it £0 it does (resent) ~ did (past: | don't watch TV very often I didn’ watch TV yesterday. > Does she often go away? Did she go away last week? We use did/didn't + infinitive (watch/play/go etc): Iwatched but Ididn’twatch (not | didn't watched) did they go? —_(not did they went?) he didn’t have did you do? | played tennis yesterday, but didn't win > ‘Did you do the shopping?” —'No, | didn’t have time’ ) We went to the cinema, but we didn’t enjoy the fm. Study the word order in questions: did + subject + infritive Did | yoursister | call | you? | What did | you do las night? How did | theaccident | happen? Where | did | your parents | go for their holiday? Short answers | Vwelyourthey Wwelyouithey | sian | Yes | hefshefic | 4 | [NO | ersheric | Mn © ‘Did you see joe yesterday?” ‘No, I didn't’ ‘Did it rain on Sunday?” "Yes, it did’ (‘Did Helen come to the party” ‘No, she didn’t. © ‘Did your parents have a good holiday” "Yes, they did.’ play? start? watch? have? see? dot g0? (Wrorkedgotiwent ex (pastsimple) > Unie 1rcises Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative. 1 I saw Barbara, buc |. dldi9¢¢.. Jane. 2. They worked on Monday, but they (on Tuesday. 3. We went to the post office, bue we tothe bank 4 She had a pen, but she any paper. 5 Jack did French at school, but he German. Write questions with Did ..? 1 Iwatched TV lastnight. How about you? Pid youwatch TVlast night a 2 enjoyed the party. How about you? = 3 Ihad a good holiday. How about you? 7 ? 4 | finished work early, How about you? a __ = 5 | slepe well lac night. How about you? : ? What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences. 1 (watch TV) lwatched TV... or _Ididn't watch TV, = 2 (get up before 7 cilock) | ——— a 3 (havea shower) = 4 (buy magazine) 5 (eat meat) ae, a ee 6 (go to bed before 10:30) E Write B's questions. Use: arrive cost go gotobedlate happen _haveanice ti 1 & We went to New York last month. 5A: We came home by taxi 8 Where _.did you stay. 2} & Howmuch.... a With some friends Ten pounds. 2 A Lwaslate for the meeting. 6 4: Tim tired this morning. ‘8 What time a] ow ? + Half past nine No, but I didnt sleep very well 3 [played tennis this aftemioon. 7 A: We went to the beach yesterday. & “ale = 1 No, ost. 1 Yes, ie was great. 4 thad ance holiday 8 &: The window is broken. & Good. Where DB HOW ‘To the mountains 1: | don't know. ‘Pur the verb in the correct form ~ positive, negative or question. ) We went to the cinema, but the film wasn't very good. We. didn'zenjoy._it. (enjoy) 2 Tom some new clothes yesterday — two shirts a jacket and a pullover, (buy) 3 _.... yesterday? ‘No, it was a nice day! (rain) < We were tired, so we _-— longa the party. (stay) was very warm in the room, so 1 ‘awindow. (open) 5 Did you phone Chris this morning” ‘No. time’ (have) > Jcucmy hand this morning’ ‘How that? (do) = Why werentt you a the meeting yesterday” about it! (know) exercises 10-13 (page 256) 35Itis 6 otclock now. Paul is at home. He is watching TV. | ‘Ac4 otlock he wasn't at home. He was at the sports club. Hewas wimminginche pool | He wasn't watching TV. swimming, ‘was/were + -ingis the past continuous: positive negative 1 he ey he was not he | doing? she | “5 | watching | | she | (wasn't) WS | she | watching? it playing | | ic it Playing? + swimming — “swimming? ag living | were not you | were eae were they exc. | | they (What were you doing at 1130 yesterday? Were you working? What did he say?” "don't now. | wasn't listening” (©. tewas raining so we didn't go out. (© in 2009 we were living in Canada. © Today shes wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing trousers. CO Iwoke up early yesterday. Ic was a beautiful morning, The sun was shining and the birds were singing, Speling (live -> living / run —> running / lie —> lying etc.) > Appendix S amyis/are + -ing (present) > wasiwere + -ing (past present past vim working (now). © | was working a 1030 ls sight: Ic isnt raining (now). | Tewasne raining when we wenc out Whae are you doing (now)? | © What were you doing a 3 olock? (Ceasiwere > Unie 10 1 was doing and did (pase continuous and ample) > Unik 14 JExercises Look atthe pictures. Where were these people at 3 otclock yesterday afternoon? And what were they doing? Write two sentences for each picture. RACHEL JACK KATE ToM TRACEY (MR AND MRS WALL athome atthecinema inhi car atthe station in the park. watch TV watch a film drive wait fora train walk 1 _Rachelwas.at home, She was watching TV, 2 Jack and Kate They 3 Tom s 6 And you? (B sarah cid’ a lo of things yesterday morning. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. 740-725 [730-810 | 830-900 1 Ac845__.she was washing her car 2 Ac1045 she 3. AcBotdock eo Tan9= 1245p 4 A120 5 ACTA. 6 Ar930 GBD complete the questions. Use was/were -ing, Use what/where/why ifnecessary. (Youve) Where were you Wing in 2012? ), (n London. (youldo) at 2oddock? | | Iwas asleep. (iv/rain) when you got up? } |} No, it was sunny. (Sue/drive) sofast? | | Because she was late (Tom/wear) a suicyesterday? } | No,a T-shirt and jeans. Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. What was he doing? Write positive or negative sentences. (wear /ajacket) He wasn't wearing ajacket. (carry /abag) (go /to the dentist) (eat fan ice cream) (carry / an umbrella) (go / home) (wear / a hat) (ride /a bicycle)| was doing (past continuous) and I did (past simple) Jack was reading His phone rang, He stopped reading. He answered his ‘a book phone, ‘What happened? His phone rang, (past simple) What was Jack doing when his phone rang?” He was reading a book What did he do when his phone rang? a) He stopped reading and answered his phone, | (@s*simple Jack began reading before his phone rang. So when his phone rang, he was reading. | (oat cominsus he started his phone he stopped he answered reading rang reading his phone | eater | J tena _________Tt/______) ) A: What did you do yesterday morning? © & What were you doing at 10.30? 8: We played tennis, from 10 to 11.30) ® We were playing tennis. start finish start co | eee ee NE tan we were playing | unfinished action © Jack read a book yesterday. (= from | © Jack was reading a book when his beginning to end) 1 phone rang. ©. Did you watch the game on TV last | Were you watching TV when | phoned © It didn’t rain while we were on holiday. | It wasn't raining when | got up. J I started work at 9 oilock and finished at 430. At 2301 was working. © _lewas raining when we went out. (= itstarted raining before we went out) saw Lucy and Steve this morning. They were waiting at the bus stop. kelly fell asleep while she was reading (Gad (pascsimple) = Units 11-12 I was doing (past continuous) Unit 13 while Unit 105)Exercises BBD 100k at the pictures. Pur the verbs in the correct form, past continuous or past simple. 1 Lucy broke. (break) her arm last week te (happen) when she (paint) her room She (fal) off the ladder. The wain (arive) at the station and Paula (get) off. Two friends of hers Jon and Rachel, (wait) to meet her Tmacingto Yesterday Sue (walk) along the road when she (meee) James. He (@) to the station to catch a train and he 4 (carry) bag They (stop) to talk for a few minutes. © Pructhe verb into the past continuous or past simple 41s: What was the weather lke when you 42%. (get) up this morning? ke wasraining (rain) 2. A: Was ane busy when you went to see her? Yes, she (study). 3A (Paul/cal) you this morning? & Yes he (call) while (have) breakfast. 4. &: Was Tracey at work today? & No,she (not/go) to work. She was il 5a: How fast (you/drive) when the potice (sop) you? & Imnotsure but! (not/drive) very ast 6K (your team / win) the football match yesterday? : The weather was very bad, so we (not/play) 7 « How {you/break) the window? & We (play) football. | (kick) the ball and. it (hid) the window. BK (you/see) Jessica lastnight? 8: Yes, she (wear) a very nice jacket. 9 & What (yourdo) at 2 oclock this morning? : Lwasasleep. wal (lose) my key las night. &: How (yourger) into your room? wt (climb) in through a window. + Additional exercises 14-15 (pages 257-58)LEN Ca (present perfect 1) v His shoes are dirty. He is cleaning his shoes He has cleaned his shoes. (his shoes are clean now) yy = They are at home “They are going out. They have gone our. ( theyre nor at home now has cleaned / have gone ec. is the present perfect (have + past participle): L cleaned | cleaned? | | we | have ('ve) finished | have | finished? | } regular verbs | you | have not (haven't) started YOU | started? they | they | lost? ie ~The | done? iregular she | has’) ~ hhas | she | been? verbs "| has not (hasn't) gone? 5 past participle Regular verbs The past participle is -ed (the same as the past simple): “clean >i have cleaned finish > we have finished stare Irregular verbs ‘The past participle is not -ed. ‘Sometimes the past simple and past participle ae the same _ buy >| bought /Ihave bought have — he had /he has had Sometimes the past simple and past participle are different: Bea {Ihave broken see -> you saw / you haveseen s fallen go they went / they have gone We use the present perfect for an action in the past witha result now: ve lost my passport. (= lean‘ find my passport now) "Where's Rebecca?’ ‘She's gone to bed’ (= she isin bed now) We've bought anew car. (= we have a new car now) O Ie’sRachels birthday tomorrow and I haven't bought her a present. (=| don't havea present for her now) © ‘Bobisaway on holiday’ ‘Oh, where has he gone” (= where ise now?) (© Can take this newspaper” Have you finished with it? (= do you need it now?) present perfect Units 16-19 _ present perfect and past simple => Unit 20 ‘nregular verbs = Unit 26, Appendix 2-3Exercises EEB look atthe pictures. What has happened? Choose from the box. goto bed -cleanhisshoes stop raining close the door fall down havea shower _ before now She 3 They 4 te 5 He 6 The EEBD complete the sentences with a verb from the box. He has cleaned his shoes, break buy decide finish forget ‘go go invite Jose. see not/see take —_tell'_not/tell 1 1. Welost. my keys. Idonit know where they are. 21 some new shoes. Do you want to see them? 3 ‘Where isHelen?” ‘Shes nor here. She out! 4 mlooking for Paula, you her? 5. Look! Somebody that window. 6 ‘Does Lisa know that youre going away?” "Yes, her 7 \ean't find my umbrella. Somebody it 8 ‘Where are my glasses? ‘Idont know, | them! 9. fm looking for Sarah. Where she ? 10 1 know that woman, but | her name. 11 Sueishavinga party tonight. She a loc of people 12 What ate you going to do? you ? 13 A: Does Ben know about the meeting tomorrow? I dontt think so. 1 him. 41 with this magazine, Do you want it? 4eats LAYS I haven't ... yet (present perfect 2) just = a shore time ago ‘x Are Laura and Paul here? 6: Yes, they've just arrived. (O &: Are you hungry? ': No, ve just had dinner, O & sTomhere? ': No, |'m afraid he's just gone. (=he has just gone) ‘They have just arrived ve already alread efore you expected / before l expected peas ere ‘&: What time are Laura and Paul coming? already met. They've already arrived, ( before you expected) 5 3 2) Its only 9 o'clock and Anna has already gone to bed. (= before | expected) Jaueshars lm Yes, know. We've already met Ihaven’t .. yet / Have you... yet? yet = untilnow ‘We use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually atthe end yet in negative sentences (I haven't... yet) ©. & Are Laura and Paul here? 5 No they haven't arrived yet. (but B expects Laura and Paul to arrive soon) © A: Does james know that you'r going away? & No,I haven't told him yet. (but Bis going co tell him soon) SThefis ah Utne yee ‘Oh, esnice. Have ‘you worn tt yet? Silvia has bought anew dress, but she hasn't worn ic yet yet in questions (Have you... yet?) > a: Have Laura and Paul arrived yee? f No,not yet. We'e stil waiting for them CO &: Has Nicola started her new job yet? 1: No she starts next week, © & Thisis my new dress & Ohritsnice. Have you worn it yet? (Grazer perce} Units 15, 17-20 word order-> Unie 94 sil yet and already -> Unie 95 )Exercises 14 GGBD rice a sentence with just for each picture. (ZB complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect. What time isPaul arriving?) (_..Hesalready arrived Do your friends want ro see the film? |_| No, they Doni forget to phone Tom. |} 1 When is Mark going away? || He Do you want to read the newspaper? | || When does Sarah start her new job?) { She Write a sentence with just (They've just... / She's just... etc.) or a negative sentence with yet (They haven't... yet / She hasn't... yet etc.) D ajewminues | now © ajew minutes now afew minutes | now 290 (Gece ogo * Ser (she / go / out) (che bus / go) (the train / leave) She hasnit-gone out yet... The bus @ a few minutes now afew minutes now ©) afew minutes ago (he / open / it) (hey /finish / their dinner) {it / stop / raining) 4 BD wie questions with yet 1 Your friend has a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her: Have you started yournewJob yet? 2. Your friend has some new neighbours. Perhaps he has met them. You ask him: you 3. Your fiend has to pay her elect bil. Perhaps she has paid i. You ask her: 4 Tom was trying to sell his car. Perhaps he has sold it. You ask a friend about Tom: aHave you ever ... ? (present perfect 3) ‘ave you been Have you ever been tolapan? ‘No, Fve never been to apan. We use the present perfect (have been / have had / have played etc) when we talk about a time from the past until now for example, a person’ life: See time from the past until now: past now (‘Have you been to France?” ‘No. haven't’ (© I've been to Canada, but | haven't been to the United States. Mary is an interesting person, She has had many different jobs and has lived in many places. (Ove seen that woman before, but | can't remember where. (How many cimes has Brazil won the World Cup? © ‘Have you read this book” "Yes, I've read it cwice’ (ewiee = two times) present perfect + ever (in questions) and never. (CO ‘Has Ann ever been to Australia” "Yes, once’ (once = one time) (‘Have you ever played golf” "Yes, I playa lot! (My sister has never travelled by plane Ove never ridden a horse. © ‘Whoisthat man?’ “I don't know. I've never seen him before! con holiday. 've been to Spain. Ben has gone to Spain, Ben has been to Spain | (= heisin Spain now) (= he went ro Spain, Bue now he is back) oy Compare. © cant find Susan. Where has she gone? (= wiereis she now?) ©. Oh-hello Susan! | was looking for you. Where have you been?” (Cresent perfect} Unies 15-16 18 _preseneperfeccand past smnple > Unie 20 )Exercises (GBD Vou are asking Helen questions beginning Have you ever ..? Write the questions. Helen 1 (be / London?) Have you ever been to London? 2 (play / golf?) Have you ever played golf? 3 (be / Australia?) Have. 4 (lose / your passport?) 5 (fiy/in a helicopter) No, never. Yes, many times. Yes, once, No, never, Yes, a few times. 6 (win /a race?) No, never. 7 (be / New York?) Yes, owice {dive /abus?) No, never 8 9. (break / your leg?) Yes, once. BD wie sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 17.1.) 1 {be / New York) She's been to New York twice 2 (be/ Australia) She 3. (win /arace) 4 (fly/ina helicopter) Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things? 5 (be/ New York) 1 6 (play / tennis) 7 (drive /alorry) 8 (be late for work or school) GD :0765 years la She has had an interesting fe, What as he done? shave. be allovertheworld alot of interesting things do write -—_-manydifferentjobs a lot of interesting people travel meet ten books married three times Mary She has had many different jobs, she BD Wire gone orbeen 1 z] 3 4 5 6 wr 1. Benson holiday at the moment. He’ ..done._. ro Spain. 2 ‘Have you ever to Mexico? ‘No, never! 3. My parents aren't at home at the moment. They've out. 4 Theresa new restaurant in town, Have you oit? 5. Rebecca loves Pars. She's there many times 66 Helen was here earlier, but | think shes now. 7 ‘Where's Jessica?” ‘She's notin the office. | think she's home! 8 Hello, Sue. Iwas looking for you. Where have you 7 + Additional exercises 16, 18 (pages 258-60) 45How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4) How ong have you j been in reland? Helen is on holiday in Ireland. She i there now. She arrived in Ireland on Monday. Today is Thursday, How long has she been in ireland? since Monday, shehmbemintoan | sneeMonda Compare is and has been = She isin ireland is = present now. hhas been = present perfect Monday now Thursday Compare: present simple present perfect simple (have been / have lived / have known etc) Dan and Kate are married. They have been married for five years, (not They are married for five years) ‘Are you married? How long have you been married? (not How long are you married”) } Do you know Lisa? How long have you known her? (not How long do you know her?) know Lisa "ve known her for a long time, (not know her for...) Vicky lives in London, How long has she lived in London? She has lived there all her life. Ihave a car How long have you had your car? t've had ic since April. present continuous present perfect continuous (have been + -ing) I'm learning German. How long have you been learning German? (not How long are you learning German?) "ve been learning German for two years David is watching TV. How long has he been watching TV? Hes been (= He has been) watching TV since 5 o'clock Ics raining, Its been (= ic has been) rainingall day. | | | 4 (lorand since > Units 19, 104 )Exercises GB complete these sentences. 1 Helen isin teland. She has been. in ireland since Monday. 2 know Lisa. | have known. her fora long time. 3 Sarah and Andy are married. They ‘marred since 2005. 4 Ben sill. He I or the last few days. 5, Welivein Scott Road. We there for along time. 6 Catherine works ina bank. She there for five years. 7 Alan hasa headache. He a headache since he got up this morning 8 Imlearning English. | English for six months. BD Make questions with How long... How long has she been on holiday, How long How long you Helen ison holiday. Steve and Nadia are in Brazil know Amy. Emily is learning Italian. ‘My brother lives in Canada, ma teacher. Ieis raining ZB 100k at the pictures and complete the sentences with: forten minutes all day all her life fortenyears _sincehewas20__ since Sunday a BD mricnisrighe, 1) Mark ves: /has lived in Canada since April (has lived is right) 2 Janeand |are friends. Lknaw / ve known her very well 3 Janeand | are friends. Lknow {ve known her fora long time. 4»: Sorry Im late. How long are you waiting/ have you been waiting? Not long. Only fve minutes Luke works /has worked in a hotel now. He likes hisjob a lot Ruth isreading a newspaper. She is reading / She has been reading ic for ewo hours. "How long do vou live / have youtlived in this house?” ‘About ten years’ ‘isthat a new coat” ‘No, Lhave /Ive had this coat for along time! Tor is / has been in Spain at the moment. He is / He has been there fr the last three days. 7Uinia 19 iol mee for and since ago ‘We use for and since to say how long Helen isin reland. She has been there { We use for + 2 period of time for three days. since Monday. We use since + the start of the period Richard has been in Canada for six months. (not since six months) Welve been waiting fortwo hours, | (not since two hours) | \ Ive ved in London for along time ago ago = before now: © Susan started her new job three weeks ago. © had dinner an hour ago © Life was very different a hundred years ago. We use ago with the past (started/did /had/was exc) Compare ago and for: ‘When did Helen arrive in reland? She arrived in Ireland three days ago. How long has she been in Ireland? ‘he has been in Ireland for three days we arrived Richard has been in Canada since January. (= from January to now) (= from 9 otdack to now) (& three weeks before now) ‘When cid Tom go out” Ten minutes ago.’ (= ten minutes before now) ). We've been waiting since 9 o'clock. Ive lived in London since | was ten. years old. (three days / two years etc): (Monday / 9 o'clock esc) start ofthe period for three day ee —_ Monday [ilies mond ‘Monday _| Tuesday | Wednesday post now | past row | since | tives days ten minaes Monday Wednesday anhour —cwohours Sotock 1230 | aweek four weeks 24July Christmas amonth — sixmonths January | was'en years old fiveyears along time 1985 | (Grssene perfect = forisince => Unit 18 _fromfuntil/since/for > Unit 106 _forand during=> Unit 105)Exercises BD wre for or since 1 Helen has been in land since Monday. 2 Helen has been in Ireland. for. three days 3 Myaunt has lived in Australia 15 years 4 Tinais in her office. She has been there 7 otlock 5 India has been an independent country 1947. 6 The busislate. We've been waiting 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years. 8 Michael has been ill along time. He has been in hospital October. (BD Arswer these questions. Use ago. 1. When was your last meal? ‘Three hours ago. 2 When was the last time you were il? 3 When did you last go to the cinema? 4 When was the last time you were in a car? 5 When was the last time you went on holiday? GBD comnplere the sentences. Use for or ago with these words. eee __ 1 Helen arrived in ireland . three days ago. (three days) 2. Helen has been in ireland ...for three days. (three days) 3. Lynn and Mark have been married (20 years) 4 Lynn and Mark got married (20years) 5 Dan atrived (an hour) 6 I bought these shoes (afew days) 7 Silvia has been learning English {ix months) 8 Have you known Lisa 7 (along time) © complete the sentences with for or since. 1 (Helen isin ireland ~ she arrived there three days ag0) Helen has been in ireland for three days. 2 (Jack is here — he arrived on Tuesday) Jack has 3 (les raining — i started an hour ago) lesbeen 4 (Iknow Sue ~ I fist met her in 2008) ve 5 (Claire and Matt are married ~ they got married six months ago) Claire and Mact have 6 (Laurais studying medicine at university ~ she started three years ago) Laura has 7. (David plays the piano — he started when he was seven years old) David has GD Wie sentences about yourselt. Begin your sentences wth Welived... I'vebeen... I'vebeen learning... I'veknown... I'vehad .. [ve lved in this town for three years. 1 2 3 4 5 ~ Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 258-60) 49I have done (present perfect) and I did (past) ‘With a finished time (yesterday / last week etc.), we use che past (arrived/saw/was etc.) ost + finished time . yesterday. last week Wearrived ax 30clock in 2002. six months ago Do not use the present perfect (have arrived / have done / have been etc) with a finished time: © | saw Paula yesterday. (not | have seen) ‘Where were you on Sunday afternoon? {not Where have you been) We didn’t have a holiday last year {not We haven't had) “What did you do last night” ‘I stayed at home’ Wiliam Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He wrote many plays and poems Use the past ro ask When .. ?or What time .. When did you buy your computer? (not When have you bought) © What time did Andy go out? (not What time has Andy gone out) Compare present perfect past ©) Ihave lost my key. (= cant find it now) Lost my key last week. Ben has gone home. (=he isnt here now) ‘Ben went home ten minutes ago. (Have you seen Kate? ©. Did you see Kave on Saturday? (= where is she now) | Eo | | [finned time | | | past row past now Have you ever been to Spain? ©) Did you go to Spain last year? (=in your life, until now) O) Myfiiend isa writer. He has written © Shakespeare wrote many plays and ‘many books. poems. © Sam hasn't phoned me yer. © Sam didn’t phone me yesterday. ‘We've lived in Singapore for six years (= we live there now) ©. We lived in Glasgow for six years, but now we live in Singapore. (Gascaimple > Unies 11-12 present perfect Units 15-18 )Exercises BBD complece the answers tothe questions Have you seen Kate? )) [ Yes, .! saw her: five minutes ago. Have you started your new job? || Yes.1 last week. Have your friends arrived? | | Yes, they at So'lock. Has Sarah gone away? | | Yes, on Friday Have you worn your new suit? J | Yes, yesterday Are these sentences OK? Correct the verbs that are wrong, (The verbs are underlined.) ve lost my key. cant find i OK, Have you seen Kate yesterday? Did you see Ive finished my work at 2 otclock, tim ready now. Ive finished my work. What time have you finished your work? Sue isn't here, She's gone out. Steve's grandmother has died two years ago. Where have you been lastnight? EBD ur the verb in che present perfect or past. 1 My fiend isa writer. He ..haswritten.. (write) many books. 2 We. didr'thave... (not/have) a holiday last year. 31 (play) tennis yesterday afternoon, 4 What time {you/go) to bed lastnight? 5 {you ever meet) a famous person? 6 The weather (not/be) very good yesterday, 7 Kathy travelsalot. She (visit) many countries. 81 (twitch) off the light before going out this morning. 9 Ive in New York now, but | (lve) in Mexico for many years. 10 ‘What's Canada like? Isic beautiful? ‘Idon't know. | (not/be) there? EBD Per the verb in che present perfect or past. 1: Have you ever been. (you/ever/be) to Florida? | Yes we Wert (go) there on holiday two years ago. & (you/have) a good time? & Yes it (be) great. 2.x: Where's Alan? (youlsee) him? (om Yeshe (go) our afew minutes ago. | & And Rachel? & Idontt know. | (not/see) her. 3. Rose works in a factory. She (work) therefor six months. Before that she (be) a waitress in a restaurant, She (work) chere for two years, but she (notfenjoy) ic very much, [4 & Do you know Marks sister? 1 (see) her a few times, but | | (never/speak) co her (youfever/speak) to her? Lowes | (meet) her at a party lasc week. She's very nice + Additional exercises 19-23, 29-31 (pages 260-62, 265-67) 51is done was done (passive 1) The office is cleaned every day, ‘The office was cleaned yesterday Compare active and passive: Somebody cleans the fice every day (active) ‘The office’ is cleaned every day. (passive) Somebody cleaned |the office: yesterday (active) ‘THEOFCE) was cleaned yesterday (rassive) The passive is: past participle =e cleaned done present simple | amiisfare | «| | § ae past simple | wasiwere | ‘00 | “injured taken ecc ‘The past participle of regular verbs is ed (cleaned/damnaged etc). Fora lst of iregular past participles (done/built/taken etc), see Appendix 2-3, ) Butter is made from milk ) Oranges are imported into Britain. (How often are these rooms cleaned? (Lam never invited co parties. © This house was built 100 years ago. ‘These houses were built 100 years ago. ) When was the telephone invented? ) We weren't invited ro the party last week ) "Was anybody injured in the accidene” “Yes, two people were taken to hospital! ‘was/were born ) was born in Berlin in 1993, (not lam born) ) ‘Where were you born?” ‘In Cairo! = passive + by “The telephone was invenced by Alexander Bell in 1876. (= Alexander Bel invented it) Iwas bitten by a dog a few days ago. Do you lke these paintings? They were painted by a friend of mine ‘being done / has been done - Unit 22 regular verbs > Unit 24 Appendix2-3_ by => Unie 117 active and passive * Appendix 1Exercises EBBD Wiice sentences from these words. Some of the sentences are questions. Sentences 1-7 are present. 1 (the office / clean / every day) “Theoffice Is cleaned every. day. 2. (how often / these rooms / clean?) How often are these rooms cleaned? 3. (glass / make / from sand) Glass 4 (che windows / clean / every two weeks) - 5 (this room / not / use / very much) 6 (we / allow / to park here?) 7 (how / this word / pronounce?) Sentences 8-15 are past. 8 (che office / clean / yesterday) The office was cleaned yesterday. 9 (che house / paint / last month) The house 10 (my phone / steal / a few days ago) 11. (chree people / injure / in the accident) 12. (when / this bridge / build?) 13 (1/ not / wake up / by the noise) 14 (how / these windows / break?) 15 (you f invite / to Jor’ party ast week?) BBD Trese sentences are not correct. Correct them, 1 This house built 100 years ago. This house.was built 2 Football plays in most countries ofthe world. = s 3 Why did the etter send to the wrong address? 4 A film studio isa place where films make. 5 Where are you bom? 7 6 How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? 7. Somebody broke into our house, but nothing stolen, 8 When was invented the bicycle? a GBD complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs: clean. damage find give invite make make show steal take 1 Theroom.iscleaned._ every day. 2. Isawan accident yesterday. Two people... were taken. ro hospital 3 Paper from wood. 4 There was fire a the hotel last week. Two of the rooms 5. ‘Where did you gee this picture?” ‘te to me by a friend of mine! 6 Many American programmes on British TV. 7 ‘Did James and Sue go to the wedding?” 'No. They - . uc they didn go! 8 ‘How olds this flm? ‘te in 1985! 9 Mycar last week, bur the next day it by the police ED Where were they born? + (an / Edinburgh) lanwas bor in Edinburgh. 2 (Sarah / Manchester) Sarah 2 3 (her parents / Ireland) Her 4 (yous 7) 1 5 (your mother / 772) 53is being done _ has been done (passive 2) is/are being .. (present continuous passive) Somebody is painting | thedoor . (active) ‘The door is being painted (passive) . Mycarisac che garage. Icis being repaired. (= somebody i repairing it) © Some new houses are being built opposite the park. (= somebody is building them) Compare the present continuous and present simple: © The office is being cleaned at the moment. (continuous) ‘The office is cleaned every day. (simple) (© Football matches are often played at the weekend, but no matches are being played next weekend, For the present continuous and present simple, see Units 8 and 25, hhas/have been ... (present perfect passive) before now somebody has painted | thedoor (acti ase: ey THEdBOF| hasbeen painted, ——_(possive) = WET i ) My key has been stolen, (= somebody has stolen it) (O Mykeys have been stolen. (= somebody has stolen them) )_ Im not going to the party. i haven't been invited. (= nobody has invited me) (Has this shirt been washed? (= has somebody washed it?) Compare the presenc perfect and past simple: CO Theroom isnt dirty any more. it has been cleaned. (present perfect) The room was cleaned yesterday. (past simple) © can‘ find my keys. | think they've been stolen. (present perfect) My keys were stolen last week. (past simple) For the present perfect and past simple, see Unit 20. is done was done > Unit _aciveand pave Appendix t )Exercises BD whats happening? (G @ 1 The car is being repaired 3. The windows 2 Abridge 4 The grass Lookat the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous (isfare being...) or the present perfect (has/have been . (the office / clean) The office is being cleaned. (the shirts / iron) The shirts have been ironed. (the window / break) The window (the roof f repair) The roof (the car / damage) (the houses / knock / down) (the trees / cut / down) (chey /invice / 10 a party) BBD complete the sentences. (Study Unit 21 before you do this exercise.) 1 I cant use my office at the moment. It. le being painted. (paint). 2. We didnt go to the party. We ..wereritinvited... (notfinvte) 3. The washing machine was broken, buc its OK now. I (repair). 4 The washing machine (repair) yesterday afternoon. 5A factory sa place where things (make) 6 How old re these houses? When (they/build)? 7k : (che phococopier/ use) at the moment? & No, you can go ahead and use it Ive never seen these flowers before. What (theyfcall)? 9 Mysunglasses (sceal) at the beach yesterday. 10 The bridge is closed at the moment. It (damage) last week and. it (not/repait) yet. ~ Additional exercises 24-27 (pages 263-64) 55be/have/do in present and past tenses be (= am/is/are/was/were) + -ing (cleaning/working etc.) | amvisiare +-ing Please be quiet. 'm working. (present continuous) Icisn’t raining at the moment | snes 3-4 and 5 What are you doing this evening? wwasiwere + ing | was working when she atved. (past continuous) Jcwasn't raining, so we didnt need an umbrella eae ‘What were you doing at 3 oclock? be + past participle (cleaned/made/eaten etc) am/is/are + past participle | 'mnever invited to partes. | (passive present simple) ) Butter is made from milk. ee © These offices aren't cleaned every day. ‘wasiwere + past participle | The office was cleaned yesterday. (passive past simple) (These houses were built 100 years ago. ees (©. How was the window broken? —O Where were you born? hhave/has + past participle (cleaned/lost/eaten/been exc.) Thaveihas + past participle | ©) ve cleaned my room. | (present perfect) © Tom has lost his passpore. eee | Kate hasn't been to Canada O. Where have Paul and Emma gone? do/does/did + infinitive (clean like/eat/go etc) “dojdoes+ infnitve |) ike coffee, but | don't like tea, (presen simple negative | Chris doesn't go out very often ‘and questions) | ‘What do you usually do at weekends? ae Does Sam live alone? | did + infinitive | I didn’e watch TV yesterday. (past simple negatveand | ©) Iedidn’erain last week questions) | 9 What ime did Pal and mma go out Unie 12 (Weegee vee Unie 24 Appendix?—sExercises EBD Write is/are or do/does. 1 .Do._ youwork in the evenings? 2 Where are... chey going? 3 Why........you looking at me? 4 Ben live near you? 5 you lke cooking? 6 the sun shining? 7 What time the shops close? 8 ‘Maria working today? 9. What this word mean? 10 you feeling allright? (BD Wrice am not/isn't/aren’t or don't/doesn'e, All these sentences are negative. 1 Tom... doesn't lim very tired. | tim very tired. | Gary ‘My parents are usually ac home. They Nicola has travelled alot, but she You can turn off the television. | ‘work at weekends 8 Lisa has invited us to her party next week, but we BD write was/were/did/have/has. 1 Where Were... your shoes made? 2 you go out last night? 3 What you doing at 10302 4 Where your mother born? 5 Laura gone home? BD Wc isiarewas were havehas want to go our this evening. going out ths evening working this week. He on holiday. g0 out very often. speak any foreign languages. watchingit going, 6 What time she go? 7 When these houses built? 8 Steve arrived yet? 9 Why you go home early? 10. How long, they been married? cleaned every day. 1 Joe . hae. lost his passport. 2 This bridge built ten years ago. 3 you finished your work yee? 4 This town is aways clean, The streets 5 Where you born? 6) jus made some coffee. Would you like some? 7 Glass rade from sand. 8 Thisisa very old photograph. It taken along time ago. 9 David bought a new car. EBB complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form. damage fain. enjoy ge. _ pronounce understand listen use open go Why are youso tired? Did you ..20 ‘Where ae the chocolates? Have you Hows your new job? Are you My car was badly Kate has gota car, but she doesrit Usa isnt at home. She has Idonit Markisin his room. Hes How do you {im going to take an umbrella with me. It's (0 bed lace lastnight? | don't know how to say this word, How is it this window? Can you show me? eat raining them all? ie Jn the accident, but | was OK. itvery often, away fora few days. the problem. Can you explain it again? to music s7HUE Lar Uae Macros sd Regular verbs ‘The past simple and past participle of regular verbs is -ed: clean + cleaned live lived paint painted study > studied Past simple (—> Unit 11) cleaned my room yesterday. Chris studied engineering c university Past participle haverhas + past participle (present perfect —> Units 15-18): © have cleaned my room. © Tina has lived in London for ten yeas. be (is/are/were/has been etc) + past participle (passive + Units 21-22) These rooms are cleaned every day. ‘My car has been repaired. Irregular verbs ‘The past simple and past participle of iregular verbs do not end in -ed: make break cut Sometimes the past simple and past participle are the pes ‘are the same. For example: past simple } ke find past parole | 22 found bought cut rae © Imade a cake yesterday. (past simple) Ihave made some coffee. (past participle - present perfect) © Butter is made from milk. (past participle - passive present) Sometimes the past simple and past participle are diferent. For example [break know begin go pastsimple | broke knew began went past participle | broken known begun —_gone ). Somebody broke this window lastnight. (past simple) ‘Somebody has broken this window. (past participle ~ present perfect) © This window was broken lastnight. (past participle — passive past) (Cregularverbs 9 Appendix 2-3 speling (regular verbs) -> Appendix S )Exercises EBD wrice the past simple / past participle ofthese verbs. (The past simple and past participle are the same forall the verbs in this exercise.) 1 make made. 6 enjoy 11 hear 2a cut 7 buy 12 put 3 get 8 sic 13 catch 4 bring 9 leave 14 watch 5 pay 10 happen: 15 understand EB write the pase simple and past participle ofthese verbs. 1 break broke broken 8 come 2 begin 9 know 3 eat 10 cake 4 drink 11 g0 5 drive 12 give 6 speak 13 throw 7 write 14 forget BD Pec the verb in the right form. 11 washed _ my hands because they were dirty. (wash) ‘Somebody has... broken... chis window. (break) 3 | feel good. | very welllast night. (sleep) 4 We a really good film yesterday. (see) 5 tt alot while we were on holiday. (rain) 6 Ive my bag. Have you it? (lose /see) 7. Rosas bicycle was. last week, (steal) 81 to bed early because Iwas tired. (go) 9 Have you your work yet? (finish) 10 The shopping centre was about 20 years ago. (build) 11 Anna to drive when she was 18. (learn) 12 t've never abhorse. (ride) 13 Jessica isa good friend of mine. ve herfora longtime. (know) 14 Yesterday | and rmyleg, (fall hurc) 15 My brother in the London Marathon last year. Have you ever inamarathon? (run / run) EBRD complete these sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form. cost drive fly make meet sell “speak swim tell think wakeup wi 1 Ihave made some coffee. Would you like some? 2 Have you John about your new job? 3 We played basketball on Sunday. We dic play very well,buc we the game. 4 know Gary but Ive never his wife. 5 Wewere by loud music in the middle of the night. 6 Stephanie jumped into the river and to the other side, 7 ‘Did youlike the film?” "Yes, itwas very good” 8 Many different languages are in the Philippines 9 Our holiday a loc of money because we stayed in an expensive hotel 10 Have you ever a very fast car? 11 All the tickets forthe concert were very quickly 12 Abird in through the open window while we were having our dinner, 59