Content
HTML • HTML Introduction
• What is HTML?
From Scratch • A Simple HTML Document
• What is an HTML Element?
• Web Browsers
• HTML Page Structure
• HTML History
• HTML Editors
• HTML Basic Examples
➢ HTML Documents
➢ The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
➢ HTML Headings
➢ HTML Paragraphs
➢ HTML Links
➢ HTML Images
➢ View HTML Source Code
➢ Inspect an HTML Element
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HTML Introduction
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.
What is HTML?
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
• HTML describes the structure of a Web page
• HTML consists of a series of elements
• HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
• HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.
A Simple HTML Document
Example Example Explained
<!DOCTYPE html> <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
<html> <html> the root element of an HTML page
<head> <head> contains meta information about the HTML page
<title>Page Title</title> <title> title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
</head>
<body> <body> defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents ,
such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
<h1>My First Heading</h1> <h1> defines a large heading
<p>My first paragraph.</p> <p> defines a paragraph=
</body>
</html>
What is an HTML Element?
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:
<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
Start tag Element content End tag
<h1> My First Heading </h1>
<p> My first paragraph. </p>
<br> none none
Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are
called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!
Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display
them correctly.
A browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses
them to determine how to display the document:
HTML Page Structure
Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:
<html>
<head>
<title>Page title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Note: The content inside the <body> section (the white area above) will be displayed in a browser. The content
inside the <title> element will be shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab.
HTML History
Since the early days of the World Wide Web, there have been many versions of HTML:
Year Version Year Version
1989 Tim Berners-Lee invented www 2008 WHATWG HTML5 First Public Draft
1991 Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML 2012 WHATWG HTML5 Living Standard
1993 Dave Raggett drafted HTML+ 2014 W3C Recommendation: HTML5
1995 HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0 2016 W3C Candidate Recommendation: HTML 5.1
1997 W3C Recommendation: HTML 3.2 2017 W3C Recommendation: HTML5.1 2nd Edition
1999 W3C Recommendation: HTML 4.01 2017 W3C Recommendation: HTML5.2
2000 W3C Recommendation: XHTML 1.0
This tutorial follows the latest HTML5 standard.
HTML Editors
A simple text editor is all you need to learn HTML.
Learn HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit
• Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.
• However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit (Mac).
• We believe that using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.
Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit.
Step 1: Open Notepad (PC) OR Open TextEdit (Mac)
Windows 8 or later:
Open Finder > Applications > TextEdit
Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the
Also change some preferences to get the application to save files
bottom left on your screen). Type Notepad.
correctly. In Preferences > Format > choose "Plain Text"
Windows 7 or earlier:
Then under "Open and Save", check the box that says "Display
Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad
HTML files as HTML code instead of formatted text".
Then open a new document to place the code.
Step 2: Write Some HTML
Write or copy the following HTML code into Notepad:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Step 3: Save the HTML Page
Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save as in the
Notepad menu.
Name the file "index.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-
8 (which is the preferred encoding for HTML files).
Tip: You can use either .htm or .html as file extension. There is no difference; it is up to you.
Step 4: View the HTML Page in Your Browser
Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the
file, or right-click - and choose "Open with").
The result will look much like this:
It is the perfect tool when you want to test code fast. It also has color
coding and the ability to save and share code with others.
HTML Basic Examples
In this chapter we will show some basic HTML examples.
Don't worry if we use tags you have not learned about yet.
HTML Documents
All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.
The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.
Example
The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> • represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web pages
<body> correctly.
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
• It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body> • is not case sensitive.
</html> • for HTML5 is: <!DOCTYPE html>
HTML Headings HTML Paragraphs
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least
important heading: Example
Example <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1> <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
HTML Links HTML Images
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag: HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
Example The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width,
<a href="https://www.scholar.com">This is a link</a> and height are provided as attributes:
The link's destination is specified in the href attribute. Example
Attributes are used to provide additional information about
<img src="scholar.jpg" alt="scholar.co
HTML elements. m" width="104" height="142">
You will learn more about attributes in a later chapter.
How to View HTML Source
Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
View HTML Source Code:
Right-click in an HTML page and select "View Page Source" (in Chrome) or "View Source" (in Edge), or similar in other
browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML source code of the page.
Inspect an HTML Element:
Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" or "Inspect Element" to see what elements are made up of
(you will see both the HTML and the CSS). You can also edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly in the Elements or Styles panel
that opens.
