ADJECTIVE

Bahasa Inggris I
 What are adjectives?

⦿ Adjectives describe nouns.

information about a noun. It gives us more
⦿ For example:

“Dan and Mary are carrying a sofa.”

⦿ If you want to give more information about the sofa
then
“Dan we
and can
Mary say;
are carrying a big sofa.”
⦿ The adjective “big” is describing the “noun”.
⦿ The form of adjective is the same for singular
nouns and plural nouns.
⦿ xamples:
“Mary is holding a green cup.”
“There are green cups on the table.”
“The are greens cups on the table. ”
X (This sentence is wrong, it doesn’t exist
in English.)
 Position of Adjectives # 1
1)There
before
is a a noun
small (attributive
cat in the position):
garden.
I(the
haveadjective
some new jeans.
small and new comes before the noun)
2) after the link verbs (predicative position)
⦿ Common link verbs are: appear, be, become, feel, get, look, seem, smell,
taste.
⦿ Examples:
-The
-Anne bus
is is old.
feeling cold. (the adjective cold is after the link verb feel)
-The rose smells nice. (the adjective nice is after the link verb smell)
The
Most adjective
adjectives functions
are as
used a
insubject
both compliment.
positions.
Certain
Certain adjectives
adjectives are
are use
used only
onlyin
inthe attribute
the position.
predicative position.
Certain adjectives are used only before the noun (attributive position)
 Position of Adjectives # 2
⦿ We can also have an adjective after an
expression of the verb.
⦿ find / make / keep + object
⦿ Example:
He found the movie interesting.
Alcohol makes him tired.
Coffee keeps me awake.
⦿ The adjective functions as
an object compliment.
 Position of Adjectives # 3
⦿ Adjectives
anything, always go
everything, after these
nothing, words
something,:
anywhere,
nowhere, everywhere
somewhere, anybody, everybody,
nobody, somebody
⦿ Examples:
Did
yesterday?you do anything exciting
IThere
wantwasn’t
to go somewhere
anybody quiet.
famous at the
party.
⦿ Adjectives
The + adjectivewithout nouns
We use
groups the
of expression
people. the + adjective to describe certain
⦿ Example: the unemployed
The meaning is general. We are generalizing.
⦿ The expression is always plural. We are referring
to
The all members
unemployed of the
think groups.
that the government is ignoring
them.
⦿ Other examples are:
the
the blind
dead the
the old
poor
the
the deaf
disabled the
the rich
unemployed
⦿ John often gives money to the poor.
 Types of Adjective
1. Descriptive
Aanddescriptive Adjective
adjective is a word which describes nouns
These pronouns.
adjectivesMost of the
provide adjectives
information belong
and in this
attribute type.
to the
nouns/pronouns
Opinion, size, they
shape, modify
age, or
color, describe.
origin, material and
purposes
Iofhave a are
fast included
car. (The in
word descriptive
‘fast’ is adjective.
describing an attribute
the
Iabout car)
am hungry. (The word ‘hungry’ is providing information
The the
hungry subject)
cats are crying.
I saw a flying Eagle.
 2.A quantitative
Quantitative Adjectives:
adjective provides
information
pronouns. about
This typethe quantity
belongs toof the
the nouns/
question
category
⦿ Examples:
of ‘how much’ and ‘how many’.
IThey
havehave
20 bucks
three in my wallet.
children. (How(How much)
many)
You should
(How much) have completed the whole task.
 3Demonstrative
Asomeone.
demonstrative Adjectives:
adjective directly refers to something or
that, these, Demonstrative
those. adjectives include the words: this,
Aa noun,
demonstrative
but a pronoun
demonstrative works alone
adjective and
alwaysdoes not
comes precede
before
the word
⦿ Examples:
it modifies.
That building
singular noun is so
far gorgeously
from the decorated.
speaker) (‘That’ refers to a
This car
speaker) is mine. (‘This’ refers to a singular noun close to the
These
the cats
speaker) are cute. (‘These’ refers to a plural noun close to
Those flowers are
far from the speaker) heavenly. (‘Those’ refers to a plural noun
 4.A possessive
Possessive Adjectives:
adjective indicates possession or
ownership.
something It
to suggests the belongingness
someone/something. of
Some
are my,of the
his, most
her, used
our, possessive
their, your. adjectives
All these
Unlike adjectives
possessive always
pronouns, come before
these wordsa noun.
demand a
noun after
⦿ Examples:
them.
My
His car
cat is
is parked
very outside.
cute.
Our job is almost done.
Her books are interesting.
 Adjective Order
⦿When more than one adjective comes
before a noun, the adjectives are
normally in a particular order.
Adjectives which describe opinions or
attitudes (e.g. amazing) usually come
first, before more neutral, factual ones (e.
g. red):
She was wearing an amazing red coat.
Not: … red amazing coat
If we don’t want to emphasise any one of
the adjectives, the most usual sequence of
adjectives is:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Opinion Size Shape Age Color Origin Material Purpose
Lovely, Big, Round, Young, Green, Japanese Silk, Cleaning
kind, poor, small, cube, old, red, , Turkish, Cotton, service,
genenorou tiny, square new, browm Swedish, gold frying pan,
s giant, youthful Iranian writing pad,
huge drawing
book
 1.
2.
ItIt’swas made of strange, green,
a long, narrow, plastic brush.metallic material.
⦿ Adjectives joined by and
When
asnormally more
be (a linking than
verb),one adjective
the second occurs
last after
adjective a verb
is such
connected to the last adjective by and:
⦿ Home was always a warm, welcoming place. Now it is sad,
dark and cold.
⦿ And is less common when more than one adjective comes
before
can use the
andnoun
when (e.g. a
there warm,
are welcoming
two or more place). However,
adjectives of the we
same
type,
thing: or when the adjectives refer to different parts of the same
⦿ It was a blue and green cotton shirt.